tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-122650282024-03-18T02:47:48.858-07:00China MattersThe personal blog of Peter Lee a.k.a. "China Hand"... Life is a comedy to those who think, a tragedy to those who feel, and an open book to those who read. Now an archive for my older stuff. For current content, subscribe to my patreon "Peter Lee's China Threat Report" and follow me on twitter @chinahand.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger899125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-39066405710731340472019-09-20T15:20:00.000-07:002019-09-20T15:20:36.385-07:00The Cold War Roots of the African Swine Flu Plague<br />
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<i>[This is the script of a segment on African Swine Flu that I did for Newsbud China Watch in July 2018. Things have gotten worse since then, with the virus spreading to South Korea.]</i><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
As the US Beltway obsesses on its China threat calculations, the global
pig industry and the global agricultural economy are being transformed by a
lethal virus: African Swine Fever, or ASF.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
ASF is not transmittable to humans but the current form of the virus is
absolutely lethal to pigs and highly contagious, and it is sweeping through
China.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The Chinese pig-raising industry is being remade as the government has
quarantined districts and banned shipments of pigs in order to contain the
virus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Chinese pig production will drop
up to 40% as pig farmers slaughter hogs they can’t ship or sell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since pig farming relied on imported soybean
meal for feed, and feed imports are going to drop, China’s ability to import
massive amounts of American agricultural products—a key source of Chinese
leverage in the trade war—is under threat.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/10/killer-hog-disease-a-dire-situation-in-china-stoking-fears-in-us.html">Killer
hog disease now a ‘dire situation’ in China that could lead to higher global
prices</a></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
But on the other hand China will be buying more U.S. pork—though
there’s no way the U.S. can fill the PRC pork hole by itself—so there’s that.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-14/deadly-pig-disease-to-reshape-global-soybean-markets-for-years">A
Deadly Pig Disease is Reshaping Global Soybean Markets</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The virus is extremely robust and can survive outside of a live host
and inside pork products—including the animal feed in which most pig blood
shows up—and the threat of swine fever from China to Taiwan’s pork industry has
become a political talking point for the anti-PRC Taiwanese government and
media. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Even the 2019 World Pork Expo in Des Moines, Iowa in the United States
was canceled out of an abundance of caution as the organizers put it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
It looks like the Chinese pig industry, which has almost 700 million
hogs and produces half the world’s pork, will turn its back on the small mom
and pop producer that formed the backbone of the industry, in favor of massive
industrial facilities that can invest the money in the procedures and equipment
to manage the biohazard—and also produce gigantic reeking lagoons of pig
excrement.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/20/north-carolina-hog-industry-pig-farms">A
million tons of feces and an unbearable stench: life near industrial pig farms</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
That’s what progress smells like in the pig industry.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The Chinese government is pushing the narrative that it’s got a handle
on the epidemic, but according to a US delegation that visited in March, that’s
not the case:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“African swine fever is very bad.
There are reported cases all across the country, but many cases are not
reported. They have found the disease in sausage, in processed meat, and in
dumplings. Although the government repeatedly tells consumers that it has
nothing to do with health of the human, people are still concerned. Pork
consumption is going down.” </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">African swine fever is
uncontrollable. It has spread from China to Vietnam and will likely soon be in
Thailand, South Korea, and Japan. The situation in China is much worse than
four months ago</span>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.agriculture.com/news/livestock/china-says-african-swine-fever-is-under-control-but-nobody-believes-it">Why
you can’t believe what China says about African Swine Fever</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Well, where did this menace come from?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
African Swine Flu came into China from the north—from Russia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before that it ravaged the Baltic states and
Poland, leading to the restructuring of the pig industry up there.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Before that, it came from the Caucasus, and the trail ends—or
starts—in the nation of Georgia.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
And maybe African Swine Fever was held in a government lab in Georgia
and got out with a little help from the violently anti-Russian government of
Mikhel Saakashvili.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Back in 2012, when ASF was just a little regional blip that had been
roiling the Caucasus for five years, the Russian consumer protection agency
blamed Georgia for releasing the virus:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-swine-fever-russia/russia-blames-georgia-for-swine-fever-in-its-south-idUSBRE8380EI20120409">Russia
blames Georgia for swine fever in its south</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“ASF came to us from Georgia. First,
of course, to Ossetia, and then to the Krasnodar and Stavropol regions. There
are signs that this situation is artificially injected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is economic sabotage.”</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The Russians might know more than a little about African Swine Flu.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The African Swine Fever that has made its way from Georgia through
Russia to the Baltics and Poland and now to China and Asia is genetically
distinct from the previous outbreak, which was traced to exchanges between
Portugal and its Angolan colony in the 1950s.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The Georgian outbreak that occurred in 2007 is related to a version of
the virus first identified in southeast Africa in the 1970s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To be specific, Mozambique and Zambia, with
Mozambique a major Soviet client at the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Soviet agricultural experts worked extensively on aid projects in
Mozambique.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Maybe Soviet scientists collected some samples of the local swine fever
variant with hopes of developing a vaccine, the as yet unattainable holy grail of
ASF researchers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
But maybe the Soviet bureaucracy had a better idea and the samples were
transferred to the Soviet bioweapons program to be genetically modified for
increased lethality and put into the arsenal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It’s known that by the 1980s the Soviet Union developed a
second-generation ASF bioweapon in its so-called “Ekology” program for agricultural
warfare.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.oie.int/eng/BIOTHREAT2015/Presentations/5_ray_zilinskas_PP_15.pdf">The
Use of Animal Pathogens as Biological Weapon Agents Throughout Recent History</a></span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
And maybe some of that engineered African Swine Flu was held in Georgia
when Georgia was a piece of the Soviet Union and part of the Soviet biological
warfare system producing anti-livestock biological weapons as well as
veterinary vaccines at multiple facilities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.nti.org/learn/countries/georgia/">NTI Overview -- Georgia</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
And maybe some of that ended up in the labs of independent post Soviet Georgia
under the administration of pro-American Russia hating dingbat entrepreneur
Mikhel Saakashvili and somehow found its way into the wild, well onto the hog
farms of Russia and its allies.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
So, is the catastrophe in Eurasian pig-raising actually blowback from
the Soviet biological weapons program engineered by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mikhel Saakashvili?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Could be.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And consider this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the fall of the Soviet Union, the U.S.
military didn’t help the government of newly independent Georgia destroy its
stocks of dangerous pathogens; it helped preserve them…through the establishment
of Georgia’s repository for dangerous pathogens, the bizarrely named Pathogen
Asset Control System, which is now maintained at a US funded facility in Tbilsi,
the Richard Lugar Center for Public Health Research.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Think about that as you chew on your
pork chop.</span></div>
<i>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</i><br />
<i> </i>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com143tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-80468540682948523432019-09-08T17:48:00.001-07:002019-09-08T17:48:18.534-07:00Wormwood and Gall: The Frank Olson Story that Errol Morris Missed<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>[This is the script of an episode of China Watch I did for Newsbud in January 2018.]</i> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">You may have
heard of the acclaimed documentary Wormwood directed by Errol Morris.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The film has focused attention on the
mysteries surrounding the death of government scientist Frank Olson.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Olson fell 13 stories to his death from a New
York hotel window in 1953.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He died after—but
possibly not because—he was dosed with LSD by the CIA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why Frank Olson died—and maybe why he had to
die—leads us to one of the most persistent controversies of Cold War America.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Did the US
use biological weapons during the Korean War?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The US government says No.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frank
Olson apparently thought otherwise.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In Wormwood and Gall, I look at the story: the
facts, the accusations, and the cover-up. And I
point to indications of another terrible crime, one that might provide the key
to the death of Frank Olson.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">If the
United States deployed biological weapons during the Korean War, it would be
the second time China had experienced biological attack within ten years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that probably would have been no coincidence.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">During World
War II, Japan’s notorious Unit <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>731 biological
warfare unit was headquartered near the city of Harbin in Northeast China.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Under the command of Colonel Shiro Ishii,
Unit 731 conducted horrific experiments on living Chinese detainees and foreign
POWs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Iishi wanted to determine the
limits of human endurance to extreme temperatures, wounds from conventional
weapons…and most importantly, vulnerability to biological attack.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">After
Japan’s defeat, the United States, instead of prosecuting Colonel Ishi, hired
him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over a period of three years, Ishi
and his team negotiated an exchange: in return for immunity from prosecution, Unit
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>731’s files was handed over to the US
Army.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">US
historians spin this in a backhanded way as evidence of American
humanitarianism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The US, after all,
could not conduct its own human experiments even though the data might have
contributed to saving American lives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So
the US Army acquired the data from Ishi and Unit 731.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">But Unit 731
was not just a ghoulish research and development project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unit 731 weaponized and operationalized
biological warfare on a massive scale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>University of Indiana entomologist Jeffrey Lockwood characterized Unit
731 as equivalent in scale to the Manhattan Project, the US effort to develop
the atomic bomb.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">During World
War II, Unit 731 operations grew to encompass at least 10 field stations
throughout China, employing over 10,000 people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It focused on identifying, testing, and growing bacterial strains most
lethal to humans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition Unit 731
scientists developed strategies for delivery either directly or via insect
vectors, and tactics for most effective exploitation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Dozens of
large scale attacks were conducted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
1940, the Japanese army dropped fleas infected with bubonic plague from
aircraft on the east Chinese city of Ningbo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Ninbgo operation is well-documented thanks to Western witnesses and
the enormous efforts taken by the Chinese government to contain the
epidemic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">But the most
successful Unit 731 operation involved the use of cholera.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This campaign required close coordination
between the biological warfare units and the Japanese army’s conventional
forces.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Colonel Ishii realized the most
effective to spread cholera was not via infected insects, or by dumping cholera
bacteria into a city’s water supply.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The key to a
successful cholera attack was breaking down public order and public sanitation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The infected humans had to be forced to flee
the city and spread their payload of disease along the path of their flight.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Therefore,
in 1942, 54 Japanese bombers attacked the city of Baoshan in Yunnan Province
with a mixture of conventional weapons and ceramic shells containing cholera
and houseflies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bombers returned for
three more raids over the next week.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These
raids drove refugees—by now sickened with cholera and incubating the bacteria
in their intestines—to enter, infect, and overwhelm the surrounding
villages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>60,000 people died of cholera
inside Baoshan…and another 120,000 perished in villages within a 125 mile
radius of the shattered town.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">With a death
toll of perhaps 200,000 people, Baoshan is the deadliest single WMD attack in
modern history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Together with another
operation in China’s Shandong province in 1943, Colonel Ishi’s cholera
operation killed 400,000 people —more fatalities than the US atomic bombings of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">This was the
kind of data that Colonel Ishii delivered to the US Army in 1948, after 3 years
of negotiation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Now fast
forward to the Korean War.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1951 and
1952, the government of the People’s Republic of China was galvanized by local reports
of biological weapons attacks against its forces in Korea, and against targets
in northeast China…and by published reports that Colonel Ishii had visited
Korea.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chinese
alarm made a lot of sense.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After all,
when it came to biological warfare in Asia, Unit 731 knew the neighborhood, the
ecology, and the most effective techniques.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And it had a track record of spectacular success.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And Colonel Ishii had signed on to the US
side.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It is
universally accepted that the PRC, at least at first, saw the danger as real.
Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong ordered China’s scarce public health
resources committed to a massive anti-biological warfare effort.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Then, with
the help of the Soviet Union, the Chinese government organized two
international commissions to investigate and document claims of biological
warfare operations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">These
reports supported the PRC’s position and have generated nothing but controversy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The US government and its supporters have
labored for decades to discredit the reports as propaganda, hoaxes, and
frauds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The US Department of Defense
calls biological warfare allegations “the disinformation that refuses to die.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Well, there
are a lot of reasons why it refuses to die. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Reasons like
a documentary prepared by al Jazeera in 2010 that piled up testimony and
circumstantial evidence supporting allegations of biological weapons
operations. Al Jazeera also unearthed home video footage shot by an alumnus of
Unit 731 in which he claimed that he had assisted the US in mounting “an
attack” in Korea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/peopleandpower/2010/03/201031761541794128.html">Dirty
Little Secrets</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There’s also
the professional opinion of experts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like
this:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It’s not outside the realm of
possibility something was done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During
that time there was a very active offensive program…The Americans had a big
vector program, so they must have tested it somehow or another. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What would have stopped them?</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The guy who
said this is not some comsymp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is
Colonel Charles Bailey, executive director of the National Center for
Biodefense and Infectious Diseases at George Mason University.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And Colonel Bailey was previously commander
at Fort Detrick.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://cos.gmu.edu/ncbid/people/leadership/#.Wm4sHjdG0dU">Charles
Bailey, Ph. D.</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Fort Detrick
is ground zero for US bioweapons research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It has been America’s headquarters for US Army offensive and defensive
biowar work for almost a century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is
where the US built up its inventory of anthrax and anthrax bombs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s where Colonel Ishii’s secrets from his
bioweapons research, development, and operations ended up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In the Cold
War Fort Detrick geared up for a massive research effort into any biological
agents that might be useful or harmful to the American military and the CIA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fort Detrick’s nickname was Fort Doom.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And Fort
Detrick is where our story comes full circle.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Because Fort
Detrick is where Frank Olson, the tragic figure at the center of the Wormwood
documentary, worked.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Olson worked
as a biological warfare researcher and administrator.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And a CIA employee.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Frank Olson
was an unhappy biological weapons researcher and administrator and CIA
employee, which was apparently why he was dosed with LSD and maybe why he was thrown
out of a window to his death.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">What made
Frank Olson unhappy?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Errol
Morris documentary Wormwood discusses his motivation almost as a casual aside.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Frank
Olson’s son tells Morris:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It was in 2001, very close friend,
this guy named Norman Kenoyer, who I had remembered from my childhood, but who
I hadn’t seen for decades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He dropped me
a note and he said, “Eric, you got everything right except for one thing…Your
father had become convinced that the United States was using biological weapons
in Korea, and he was pissed.”</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">This
statement is fleshed out in another documentary on US biowarfare black ops and
Frank Olson’s death, Code Name: Project Artichoke.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In the
documentary, Eric Olson and Norman Kenoyer have this exchange about US
biological weapons activities in Korea:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kenoyer says, “I took an oath when I
left the United States Army that I would never divulge that stuff.”<br />
<br />
“You divulged it to me.” Says Olson</i><br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“You cannot prove it, can you?”<br />
<br />
“I can assert it. You told me.”</i><br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Hearsay!”</i><br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“So you don't want to say it?”</i><br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“No .... I don't want to say it. But,
there were people who had biological weapons and they used them. I won't say
anything more than that. They used them.”</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">So Frank
Olson believed the US was doing nasty things in biological weapons in
Korea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not because he was reading
People’s Daily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because he was a top
researcher in the US bioweapons program at Fort Detrick.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Olson, in
fact had run the supersecret Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick that worked
with the CIA on development of covert biological assets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he was himself a CIA employee who had
security clearances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Olson presumably
knew about the Ishii Unit 731 biological warfare data acquired by the US
Army.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And if there
had been US biological warfare activity in Korea, from planning to crew
training to implementation to after-action evaluation, Olson would have known
about it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And that,
for me, at least is the most important takeaway from Wormwood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The United States was doing some sort of
biological weapons shenanigans in Korea and Northeast China…</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">…and US
attempts to discredit Chinese and North Korean allegations as a groundless
mixture of panic, propaganda, and fraud are bankrupt.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">So, did
Frank Olson’s knowledge of US biological warfare activity in Korea kill him?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">We know
Olson was disturbed and upset by his work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Frank Olson did not pursue the upward path open to him in America’s
bioweapons bureaucracy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead, Olson
had resigned his position as head of the Special Operations Division.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He said he had ulcers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The CIA regarded him as a potential security
risk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">At the time,
the CIA regarded LSD as a magic mind control and truth serum elixir.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Frank Olson was attending a retreat at a
camp called Deep Creek with his CIA and Fort Detrick colleagues in November
1953, he was secretly dosed with LSD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">However
Frank Olson responded, it wasn’t good for Frank Olson.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He reacted badly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Presumably Olson was regarded as even more of
a liability and security risk after the dosing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Olson was bundled off to New York for meetings with a CIA-affiliated
doctor and a CIA-affiliated magician hypnotist just before his fatal plunge
from the 13<sup>th</sup> floor of the New York Statler hotel on November 28,
1953.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Perhaps guilty
knowledge of US bioweapons activity in Korea was the key factor in the CIA’s
anxieties over Frank Olson.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">One problem
with that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Korean War armistice had
already been concluded in the summer of 1953.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That was months before the encounter at Deep Creek and Frank Olson’s
death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Korean war crimes seem a bit
bygones.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Another
factor in Olson’s state of mind might have been first hand involvement in
torture and murder. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Olson’s
classified work at the Special Operations Division involved more than
biological weapons of mass destruction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It apparently included evaluation of biological agents, that is to say,
drugs, for use in interrogation by the CIA.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">During a
work trip to Germany, Olson had apparently witnessed deeply disturbing CIA activities
at a US military base.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Suspected Soviet
agents were subjected to interrogation involving extreme and inhumane physical
and psychological mistreatment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And
drugs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the end of the process at
least one of the detainees, subjects, victims, whatever you want to call them,
had died. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In front of Frank Olson. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Olson was a
softhearted man who took it very hard when a successful bioweapons experiment
led to the death of all the subject monkeys in his lab.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe witnessing the torture/murder of a
human being, even an alleged Soviet agent, drove Olson into open and fatal
defiance.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">But there’s
a third possibility, and it relates to this:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
notorious biowarfare confessions made by captured American airmen during the
Korean War.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The US
security establishment was horrified by American POWs corroborating allegations
that the US had conducted biological warfare attacks during the Korean War.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was also appalled by a wider trend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of 7200 US prisoners of wars, 5000 either signed
a petition calling for the end of the war or confessed to crimes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>21 refused repatriation back to the United
States and stayed in North Korea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-brainwashing-and-how-it-shaped-america-180963400/">The
True Story of Brainwashing and How It Shaped America</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Instead of
accepting the possibility that some draftees imprisoned under miserable
conditions might have traded their signature on a petition for better
treatment, or some might have had doubts about the US social system, or maybe
*gulp* some were confessing to actual crimes, the US establishment became
convinced that the POWs were victims of brainwashing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The CIA and
US Army especially feared that returning POWs might be infiltrated by brainwashed
human robots programmed to do the will of their Chinese masters and attack
America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There is no
evidence the Chinese tried to do this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But the United States itself fantasized about assassin automatons and
tried to create them…and later projected the idea on China via the book and
film “The Manchurian Candidate”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">When the
first group of US POWs was repatriated in April 1953, 20 were segregated as potential
brainwashed security risks and placed under armed guard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These “tainted” POWs were flown to
Pennsylvania on a prison plane.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then
they were sequestered at a mental ward in a hospital at Valley Forge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They quickly recanted their confessions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe it was freedom, maybe it was
conscience, maybe the openly wielded threat of prosecution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And maybe more.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Maybe the US
effort to get these airmen to quickly recant their confessions involved
administering substances less wholesome than American hamburgers and milkshakes
and even more sinister than the promise of decades in a military stockade.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The CIA had
a longstanding interest in using behavior modification procedures to counter
PRC indoctrination of US POWs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According
to a 2010 article titled Cries From the Past: Torture’s Ugly Echoes, by researchers
Jeffrey Kaye and HP Albarelli, recovered POWs were subjected to various
behavioral modification programs, including the use of experimental drugs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://truth-out.org/archive/component/k2/item/89725:cries-from-the-past-tortures-ugly-echoes">Cries
from the Past: Torture’s Ugly Echoes</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And some of
these experiments had been conducted by the CIA at Valley Forge Army Hospital,
where the Korean POWs were quarantined in the summer of 1953.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Maybe drugs
were involved in the remolding of the returned Korean POWs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Drugs that Frank Olson was involved in
testing and evaluating.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Drugs like LSD.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1953, the
year the POWs returned and Frank Olson died, US official interest in mind
control via LSD was at fever pitch.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Fears of a
“brainwashing” gap between Communism and the United States fueled a US
obsession with LSD as a mind-control superdrug.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The US government explored the possibility of acquiring the world’s
entire supply of LSD to keep it out of Soviet hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it gathered enough LSD to perform
extensive experiments on human subjects, some of them uninformed or unwilling,
for almost two decades.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">America’s LSD
mind control effort, which was variously known as Project Partridge, Project
Artichoke, and MK-Ultra, was run by the CIA’s Sidney Gottlieb.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gottlieb was present at Deep Creek the night
Frank Olson was dosed with LSD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Gottlieb’s assistant, Richard Lashbrook, was sharing the hotel room at
the Statler the night Olson plunged out the window.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And as Olson lay dying on the sidewalk
outside, Lashbrook made his first call…to Sidney Gottlieb.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I speculate
the dark secret that killed Frank Olson was this:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The US was
using LSD to counter-brainwash returned US POWs to obtain retractions of biological
warfare confessions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And Frank Olson
knew about it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Maybe Olson
had seen film.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe he saw film that
reminded him of the horrors he had witnessed at the interrogations in Germany. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Only this
time the victims of his mind control drugs were American servicemen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And the drugs
were being used to cover up a crime Olson knew about from his classified work
at Fort Detrick: that the US had indeed conducted bacteriological warfare operations
in Korea. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And this
bothered Frank Olson. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it terrified
him.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Because when
Frank Olson felt the LSD take hold at Deep Creek, he realized that the same
thing that had happened to the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>suspected
Soviet agents and the returned POWs was happening to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And Frank
Olson broke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or was broken.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And ended up dying on the sidewalk in front of
the New York Statler Hotel.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Errol Morris
takes the title for his documentary, Wormwood, from Revelations to describe
God’s biological weapon attack on the waters of the earth at the last judgment.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Then the third angel sounded his
trumpet, and a great star burning like a torch fell from heaven and landed on a
third of the rivers and on the springs of water. <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: to (Art-NNS) -- The, the definite article.">The</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/3686.htm" title="3686: onoma (N-NNS) -- Name, character, fame, reputation.">name</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tou (Art-GMS) -- The, the definite article.">of the</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/792.htm" title="792: asteros (N-GMS) -- A star.">star</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/3004.htm" title="3004: legetai (V-PIM/P-3S) -- (denoting speech in progress), (a) to say, speak; to mean, mention, tell, (b) to call, name, especially in the pass., (c) to tell, command.">is</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/894.htm" title="894: Apsinthos (N-NMS) -- Wormwood.">Wormwood.</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: to (Art-NNS) -- The, the definite article.">A</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/5154.htm" title="5154: triton (Adj-NNS) -- Third.">third</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: ton (Art-GNP) -- The, the definite article.">of the</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/5204.htm" title="5204: hydaton (N-GNP) -- Water.">waters</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/1096.htm" title="1096: egeneto (V-AIM-3S) -- To come into being, to be born, become, come about, happen.">turned</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/894.htm" title="894: apsinthon (N-AFS) -- Wormwood.">bitter like wormwood oil,</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely.">and</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/4183.htm" title="4183: polloi (Adj-NMP) -- Much, many; often.">many</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/444.htm" title="444: anthropon (N-GMP) -- A man, one of the human race.">people</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/599.htm" title="599: apethanon (V-AIA-3P) -- To be dying, to be about to die, wither, decay.">died</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/1537.htm" title="1537: ek (Prep) -- From out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards.">from</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: ton (Art-GNP) -- The, the definite article.">the</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/4087.htm" title="4087: epikranthesan (V-AIP-3P) -- To make bitter, embitter; pass: to grow angry or harsh.">bitter</a></span><span class="highl"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/5204.htm" title="5204: hydaton (N-GNP) -- Water.">waters.</a></span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span><span class="highl"> </span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">My title
Wormwood and Gall, comes from the Book of Lamentations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Wormwood and
gall are two intensely bitter substances.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Jeremiah,
gazing upon the ruins of Jerusalem, speaks of </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">remembering my affliction and my
misery, the wormwood and the gall.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The wormwood
is his intense suffering and grief, the gall his profound regreat and consciousness
of sin…and taken together they yield <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a
yearning for redemption.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Wormwood and
gall might have been a good description of Frank Olson’s thoughts and regrets
as he entered the last days of his life.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Rest in
Peace, Frank Olson.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br /><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com109tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-28006503078549885012019-08-06T10:24:00.001-07:002019-08-06T10:36:02.917-07:00The Trillion-Dollar Grift: The Long-Term Plan for US-China Decoupling<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<i>There is a certain amount of "OMG how did we get here??" handwringing over the escalating trade war between the US and China.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>BS.</i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i>The decoupling strategy of the US China hawks is proceeding as planned. And economic pain is a feature, not a bug. </i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>Below is the script of a Newsbud China Watch episode I did on September 26, 2018, when the outlines of the US strategy were already clear.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>Some further comments.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>Failure of trade negotiations was pretty much baked in, thanks to Lightizer's maximalist demands.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>And that was fine with the China hawks. </i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>Because their ultimate goal was to decouple the US & PRC economies, weaken the PRC, and make it more vulnerable to domestic destabilization and global rollback.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>If decoupling shaved a few points off global GDP, hurt American businesses, or pushed the world into recession, well that's the price o' freedom.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>Or at least the cost of IndoPACOM being able to win the d*ck measuring contest in East Asia, which is what this is really all about.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>Keeping the negotiations creeping along while encouraging the decoupling dynamic through tariffs & sanctions allowed the China hawks to dodge the onus of hurting the US economy for the sake of US hegemonic goals.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>Now, as we're entering a phase of pretty much open economic warfare, maybe that mask is ready to drop.</i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>One of those items of academic interest is whether Trump was ever interested in a trade deal & return to normalcy. I'm guessing Yes.</i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>But the US military is pretty much Trump's only solid Beltway constituency. They want a China confrontation & he went along, since the costs of the confrontation in his main political constituency, the stock market, seemed manageable.. </i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>The continual bait-and-switching on the trade deal (we got a trade deal; oops more tariffs!) is a classic from the Trump playbook: when your opposite number seems ready to deal, it's time to squeeze harder. </i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>This was catnip to the China hawks. As long as the negotiations dragged on, the decoupling dynamic could continue pretty much unexamined. </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Now maybe we've reached the point of no return, since it looks like the PRC has decided it's more important to signal its capacity to take punishment than its eagerness to make a deal.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Again, a happy day for the China hawks. It's war! At least economic, for the time being.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Now, if a recession does hit, one can consider it a signal that the US finance/business bunch have priced China out of their economic models.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>The next step beyond economic warfare is strategic/military rollback.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Decoupling the US economy from China, squeezing China related expectations out of the market, and shifting to a war with China footing insulates the US military from economic and political pressures to pursue a more moderate course in East Asia.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>I expect IndoPACOM to agitate for an aggressive program--via its allies in the Philippine military--to confront the PRC over its artificial islands, especially Mischief Reef, in the South China Sea.</i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>These facilities are a major affront to IndoPACOM's manhood and must be removed. And that means war, or something close to it.</i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Remember, as IndoPACOM jefe Admiral Davidson put it: "China controls the South China Sea in all scenarios short of war." </i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>He's not making these statements to signal American surrender, folks. IndoPACOM is China hawk HQ.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><i>As I've discussed <a href="http://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2019/07/americas-blueprint-for-war-in-south.html">elsewhere</a>,
the US has put its ducks in a row to provide military backing to
anti-China moves that the Philippines initiates in the South China Sea. </i></i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Also, assuming the elections in Taiwan go America's way, the decoupling of the Taiwan and mainland economies will accelerate and military cooperation between Taiwan and the US and Japan will increase.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>Between the global economic slowdown and the regional military buildup, I guesstimate the cost of taking on the PRC at a trillion dollars over the next decade.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>But like they say, War with China: one trillion dollars. Postponing the loss of US hegemony in the Pacific: priceless.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>The September 26, 2018 script:</i> </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">It’s not a trade war, it’s the long war. Cold War 2.0.
With China.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Donald Trump introduced tariffs on another $200 billion
dollars of Chinese goods. The Chinese
responded but did not match, let alone escalate, with tariffs on $60 billion in
US goods.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">This round of US tariffs stopped at 10%, that’s short of
pure apocalypse; that’s been put off until December, when the US will raise the
rate to 25% if things don’t go Trump’s way.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">U.S. businesses are starting to get a little nervous, since
the PRC is apparently going to wait and see if the US Congressional mid-term
elections deliver the promised blue wave of Democrats that will restrain Trump
and maybe even impeach him, instead of hurrying to Washington to negotiate.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Per the Washington Post:</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>As the president pursues his uncompromising approach to China, business leadrs are growing increasingly frustrated. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, National Association of Manufacturers and the National Retail Federation were among those blasting the administration's use of tariffs as costly and counterproductive.</i> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-us-china-tariffs-20180918-story,amp.html">New
round of U.S. China tariffs raise fears of an economic cold war</a></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">But guess what—to China hawks, the miseries of US businesses
in China is a feature, not a bug. And
since China hawks hold the whip hand in the Trump administration, expect more,
not less of this. Per the Washington
Post report,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Some administration
hard-liners would be content to see the trade and investment restrictions lead
to a decoupling of the U.S. and Chinese economies</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Decoupling the U.S. and Chinese economy would be a
significant milestone in the new cold war against China.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">That’s because decoupling is at the heart of containment
classic.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">US China hawks have always pushed the talking point, we
don’t have a containment strategy.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">That’s because the essence of containment against the Soviet
Union as formulated by US diplomat George Kennan in 1946, was that the USSR had
chosen the path of autarky—self-sufficiency instead of integration with the
economies of the West—in order to sustain its repressive domestic system. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Therefore, Kennan successfully argued that the United States
and its allies should quarantine the USSR until it collapsed under its own
weight and the stress of confrontation with the United States.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The People’s Republic of China, on the other hand,
recognized the limitations of autarky and pursued integration with the world
economic system through engagement with the capitalist states, and by
membership in the World Trade Organization.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Therefore, People’s Republic of China did not remain a
nation of impoverished farmers, albeit a billion farmers with nuclear weapons,
globally isolated and vulnerable to U.S. containment, foreign and domestic
subversion, and eventual overthrow.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Instead, we got a Communist government on the mainland that
accounts for 40% of the world economy and has enough financial, social, and
police state juice to stay on top of the heap domestically and compete with the
United States for influence internationally!</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2006/06/x-men-last-stand.html">X-Men:
The Last Stand</a></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">This infuriates the China hawks, who see enabling China’s
rise as the height of American folly. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">And they see the Trump tariffs as an important and long
overdue battle in the long war to decouple the US economy from the Chinese
economy and create more favorable conditions for an across the board cold war, polarization,
confrontation, and classic containment. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">And business is getting the message. Per the Post:</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Under Trump's plan, the tariff pain on the $200 billion batch of Chinese goods will grow on Jan 1, 2019, rising to 25 percent from the original 10 percent. If there remains little sign of diplomatic progress by that point, more companies may switch their orders from Chinese suppliers to factories in countries such as Vietnam or India, executives say.</i> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">On a meta level, you can consider this as “TPP with
a meat axe”. Barack Obama sought to
isolate China via a free trade bloc excluding the PRC. Donald Trump hopes to accomplish a similar
objective by redirecting US imports away from China via tariffs.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">As a tutelary deity of the China hawks, Aaron Friedberg put
it:</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>"We're probably talking about a world with two centers: a China-centered economic domain...and another centered on the United States," said Aaron Friedberg, a professor of politics and international affairs at Princeton University, who handled China policy as an aide to Vice President Richard Cheney in the George W. Bush administration. "It's heading toward a bifurcated global economy."</i> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Hey, mission accomplished!
At least for China hawks, if not for multinational corporations yearning
for that global payday.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The PRC’s rulers have a lot of good reason to believe the US isn’t
just interested in trade fixes like improved access and a level playing field; the
China hawks wants to use economic policy to roll back and weaken the Chinese
state.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">What are the Chinese going to do? Well, the leadership has been thinking about
this economic war a lot.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">That’s because the People’s Republic of China has seen this movie
before. And it isn’t the collapse of the
Soviet Union. It was the attack on the
export economy of Japan engineered by Ronald Reagan and James Baker in 1985,
the so-called Plaza Accord coordinated intervention in the currency market by
state banks that led to a 50% appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US
dollar.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">So in response to the Trump tariff campaign, the PRC is planning
to move factories overseas; push domestic factories to upgrade their products
and technology and look for new markets—ironically, boosting the
Made in China 2025 program that supposedly terrifies the West; and also pump
cash into the domestic economy to boost consumption and reduce the trade war shock.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">And they are preparing for the long haul.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Jack Ma, the overlord of ecommerce giant Alibaba, predicted the
whole US-China trade war dynamic will take 20 years to play out:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://fortune.com/2018/09/19/china-us-trade-war-20-years-jack-ma-alibaba/">‘It’s
Going to Be a Mess.’ Alibaba Founder Jack Ma Says U.S.-China Trade War Could
Last 20 Years</a></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"> Well, I wonder who’ll be on
top in 20 years? Maybe the United
States. Maybe China. Maybe nobody. But 20 years is enough time for China hawks
to pay off their mortgages and put another generation of their kids through
college.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">So there will be some winners.</span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com47tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-49133344947519119512019-07-30T21:44:00.000-07:002019-08-01T15:00:07.017-07:00The Crimes of Lola Montes<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Things Max Ophuls hated in his final movie, <i>Lola Montes</i>: The star, Martine
Carol.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fact that he had to shoot in
color instead of his beloved black and white; the fact that he had to use
stereo instead of mono; so on and so forth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He might have also hated the fact that he had to shoot the same movie
three times, once each in French, German, and English (instead of shooting one
version and dubbing the other two languages).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It seems he also hated his producers (rumored to be a pair
of mobbed-up wannabes) who inflicted Carol, color, and stereo on him, since he blew his budget on his surreal circus framing
device and apparently had nothing left in the tank, money wise, for the
supposed climax of the film, the 1848 revolution that sent King Ludwig &
Lola Montes packing.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In addition to the gigantic circus goings-on, the first two
acts of the film are jammed with expensively costumed extras busily doing stuff,
but when it comes to the Bavarian catastrophe, a couple windows get broken, a
few guys run around for three minutes, and instead of pulse-pounding peril with
howling mobs we get Oskar Werner monologueing the revolution in Montes’
carriage. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is despite the fact that upon its release (in 1956) this
was the most expensive film made in post World War II Europe (budget: $2
million dollars).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I wouldn’t say bile oozes from every frame, but it is easier
to detect Ophuls’ disdain for Martine Carol & disinterest in Lola Montes
than his vaunted empathy for the situation of women.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Martine Carol was the French Marilyn Monroe, at least until
Brigitte Bardot came along, and had starred in some sexy costume drama romps
like 1953’s <i>Lucrece Borgia</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This still from <i>Lucrece Borgia</i> gives you an idea of Martine
Carol’s wheelhouse and what the hapless producers of <i>Lola Montes</i> presumably hoped to get:
a racy drama about a notorious demimondaine romancing her way through art, war,
and revolution, with plenty of famous lovers and ripped bodices and, when
possible, no bodices at all. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvzwtJ_38dxbOTCyMv_u8gFVzsiP0O1BSXQEBwIGMVqNC1eW3TDmvXqiLW2z1-1FKoxiuF3EC7BpcOd5RpWzY9hArTTqfpqVyB0dzN3llYNLtPSpydxfkJbthCEV5ysgqk_POOdQ/s1600/lucrece+borgia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="605" data-original-width="758" height="510" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvzwtJ_38dxbOTCyMv_u8gFVzsiP0O1BSXQEBwIGMVqNC1eW3TDmvXqiLW2z1-1FKoxiuF3EC7BpcOd5RpWzY9hArTTqfpqVyB0dzN3llYNLtPSpydxfkJbthCEV5ysgqk_POOdQ/s640/lucrece+borgia.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Instead, they opted for Max Ophuls, who threw away the
screenplay and substituted his own dyspeptic artsy take on fame and scandal
that was the opposite of sexy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ophuls gives the viewer no passionate embraces, maybe a
couple kisses, and virtually no Martine Carol skin.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The sexual thermostat of the movie is set by Ophul’s casting
of his collaborator, Peter Ustinov, as the ringmaster of the circus that packages
Lola Montes’s life and torment for the delectation of the rabble.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ustinov, Ur-Teletubby & diffident schlub, is ill-equipped to convey passion,
lust, insinuating charm, or demonic mastery, so the famous circus comes across less as a carnival of souls
than an over-budgeted village fete presided over by the schoolmaster’s favorite
but not particularly talented pet.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Lola’s big love interest, King Ludwig, is an old, boring guy
and he and Lola do old, boring things like sipping tea and reading stuff to
each other and going to the ear doctor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Franz Liszt puts in an appearance, but only to depict their final
parting, not their affair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wagner &
Chopin, name-checked only, no scenes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I’m guessing Ophuls was not interested in pandering to the
audience’s prurient interest in the sex lives of Europe’s great geniuses of the
19<sup>th</sup> century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And if he saw
parallels between Martine Carol (pretty bad actress) and Lola Montes (reputedly
terrible dancer), he was not going to turn his movie into a celebration of how
they sexed their way into 19<sup>th</sup> century social history…and into Max
Ophuls’ oeuvre.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Despite Ophuls’ fetishistic love of motion—of actors and
extras, of cameras with his legendary tracking shots—he forces Carol/Montes to
be static for most of the film.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When she
isn’t sitting motionless in the circus tableaus, she’s sitting or reclining, or
she’s being guided through her paces in the circus like a imperfectly trained
show horse by Ustinov’s braying ringmaster.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The few times Carol is called upon to move and act—such as
the scene where she assaults her conductor and marches through the audience to
hand over the jewels he gave her to his wife—she gives a decent account of
herself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But most of the time she’s treated as an object under
critical examination—a fading butterfly on a pin in a cabinet--and it seems
that neither Ophuls nor the audience can figure out what all the fuss is about.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The explanation, apparently, is that sex and notoriety have
been commodified in the modern media circus and Max Ophuls disapproves…and he’ll
take $2 million of your money to show it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Audiences were not beguiled—the premier engagement
apparently featured some unpleasantness from patrons who had expected their
usual dose of Martine Carol—the movie tanked, was cut and recut, and finally
reconstructed for a Criterion release a few years ago.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Two features on the second disk—one, an absolutely brilliant
feature on Ophuls made by Michel Mitrani for French TV in the 1960s, the other
a more recent interview with Ophuls’ son Marcel—are in my opinion better than
the movie itself.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But French New Wave cineastes adored <i>Lola Montes</i>, apparently
because Ophuls went full auteur & did it his way, and Andrew Sarris at one
time proclaimed Lola Montes was the best movie ever made.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Go figure. And check out the Criterion <a href="https://www.criterion.com/films/938-lola-mont-s">two-disk set</a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com42tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-27097391436577663102019-07-17T12:26:00.002-07:002019-07-17T12:26:45.465-07:00China and the Libyan Muddle and Why Qaddafi Went Down<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><i>[Simple answer: Saudi Arabia. Longer answer (including an explanation of how the PRC viewed the situation) below. A piece I did for Asia Times in March 2011. Since it seems to have vanished from the archive, I'm serving it up here as a reminder of what really brought Qaddafi down. I'm posting this with permission of AT, which has the copyright. Any other reprints/reposts should get permission from Asia Times.]</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">China and the Libyan Muddle</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">By Peter
Lee</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The United Nations Security Council voted on Thursday at
UN headquarters in New York to approve a
no-fly zone over Libya
and "all necessary measures" to protect civilians from attacks by
forces led by Muammar Gaddafi. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The 10-0 vote included five abstentions, notably
permanent members China and Russia.
The other three permanent members backing the vote were Britain, France
and the United States.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The Arab League, a voluntary association of nations, last
week </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">resolved that the
UN Security Council should declare a no-fly zone over Libya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">China’s attitude
takes few by surprise. And history will probably vindicate China’s mealy-mouthed and self-serving stance
that the response to the serial crises in the Middle East
should be guided by the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs
of nations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">And
history may vindicate China
even earlier than most people expect.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The most
interesting and dangerous element in the no-fly-zone debate is the dawning
awareness that “Responsibility to Protect”–R2P a.k.a. humanitarian intervention
in do-gooder jargon—is not just a Western monopoly</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">It’s not
just an opportunity for feel-good posturing by David Cameron and Nicolas
Sarkozy that gives the West another chance to assert its global moral
leadership.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Once the
intervention jinn is out of the bottle, there’s no telling who will seize the
R2P sword, or for what manner of end.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Saudi
Arabia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">
apparently believes in R2P when it comes to protecting a Sunni autocracy in
neighboring Bahrain…</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">…which
raises the disturbing possibility that Iran
has a R2P the Shi’ite majority in Bahrain…</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">…and maybe
the Arab world has a R2P the Palestinians next time Israel
rampages into the Gaza
strip…</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">If the
Arab world’s national revolutions blossom into regional wars, we will soon feel
intense nostalgia for the good old days when international affairs were
governed by the Treaty of Westphalia, which declared that what rulers did
inside their borders was nobody else’s business.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">It is
unlikely that China
will work aggressively to claim the foreign policy high ground, either
regionally or in the UN Security Council.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">That’s
because for China, the key
issue at stake in the Libyan conflict is not the slippery slope toward a
sovereignty and security crisis in the Middle East.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The key
issue is a simple and traditional matter of intense personal enmity between two
rulers equally opposed to the democratic wave sweeping the Middle
East.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Saudi
Arabia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">’s
King Abdullah detests Muammar Gaddafi and expects all of the kingdom’s
solicitous oil allies—of which China
is now the foremost—to lend a hand in compassing his overthrow.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The most
recent iteration of bad blood between Gaddafi and Abdullah goes back to 2003.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Gaddafi
confronted then Prince Abdullah over Saudi Arabia’s cooperation with the
West in the overthrow of Saddam Hussein.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Gaddafi
said that Abdullah had made “a deal with the devil”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Abdullah
riposted that Gaddafi’s “lies were behind him and his grave was before him”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Although
the Western press apparently regarded Abdullah’s remarks as little more than a
pithy Arabic aphorism, Gaddafi not unreasonably interpreted them as a death
threat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Gaddafi
apparently decided to strike first.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Libyan
security services allegedly staged an inept but extremely well-financed
assassination attempt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The intent was to
barrage Abdullah’s Mecca
apartment with RPG fire and blame his murder on al Qaeda.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The plot
suffered from a dearth of dedicated and capable Saudi co-conspirators.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One courier, confronted with the enormous
stash of cash earmarked for the attempt—over $1 million—simply abandoned the
money and fled in panic.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Saudi
Arabia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">
withdrew its ambassador to Libya
for nine months.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The Libyan
state-controlled press delivered some entertaining political invective in return:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The Libyan press on Friday launched
strong criticism against Saudi Arabia
because of its decision to summon its ambassador in Tripoli
and to expel the Libyan ambassador in Riyadh,
describing Saudi Arabia
as "the kingdom of darkness" ruled by Abu Jahel.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The Libyan state run al-Jamahereyah
said in its yesterday's editorial under the title "the Kingdom of black
comedy" that Saudi
Arabia might be the "best ambassador
for the pre Middle Ages era." The paper added that "Abu Jahel"
(the Saudi royal family) is still giving his rules in the life affairs of the
society and bans the woman from driving the car." The Libyan daily al-Zahf
al-Akhdar described Saudi
Arabia as "a swollen kingdom" and
issued an article showing the difference between the life of the common Saudi
citizen and the life of luxury members of the ruling family live. </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">[1]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">For
students of Islamic invective, “Abu Jahel” was the mocking title—“Father of
Ignorance”—given to a boss of Mecca
who refused to submit to Islam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
slain in the Battle of Badr in 624 AD that marked the triumph of Mohammed and
secured Islam’s ascendancy in Mecca.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Supposedly,
there was a reconciliation between Gaddafi and Abdullah, now King Abdullah, in
2007.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The
exchange plays more like a desert re-enactment of the scene in Godfather II
where Michael Corleone pretends to forgive his feckless brother Fredo, while
secretly plotting his<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>demise.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Certainly,
Gaddafi’s apology left something to be desired, as French 24 reported:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">"It has been six years that
you have been running away and scared of confrontation and I want to say 'Do
not be afraid'," Gaddafi said, addressing Abdullah. "After six years,
it has been proven that with ... the grave before you, it is Britain that made you and the
Americans that protected you." </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">[2]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">French24
continued:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">It was not clear if Gaddafi
intentionally repeated the accusations or was explaining the incident he wanted
to apologise for.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Apparently expecting another
attack, Qatar's
emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, chairing the summit, shouted down the
Libyan leader.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">But Gaddafi, sporting sunglasses
and an orange hat and robes, continued his speech in a more clearly
conciliatory tone, drawing applause from delegates.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">"For the sake of the (Arab)
nation, I consider the personal problem between you and me to be over and I am
prepared to visit you and receive a visit from you," he told the Saudi
king.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">In the United States,
this is characterized as a “non-apology apology”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">As
Gaddafi’s difficulties multiplied in 2011, it was clear that Prince Abdullah
did not consider the personal problem over.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Prior to
the Arab League meeting in Cairo, the Gulf Co-Operation Council, a congerie of
authoritarian sheiks led by Saudi Arabia, delivered a ferocious condemnation of
Gaddafi’s behavior.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The GCC’s language
went far beyond the genteel wrist-slapping usually meted out to misbehaving
Arab potentates.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">In a statement issued after their
meeting in Saudi Arabia's
capital Riyadh on Thursday, foreign ministers
from the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) called on the Arab League to take
measures to stop the bloodshed in Libya and to initiate contacts with
the National Council formed by the opposition.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">"When it comes to Libya
I think the regime has lost its legitimacy," Hamad bin Jasem bin Jaber Al
Thani, the Qatari prime minister and foreign minister, said.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">"We support the no-fly zone.
We also support contact with the National Council in Libya. It is time to discuss the
situation with them and the [UN] Security Council should shoulder its
responsibility." </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">[3]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Saudi
Arabia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">
put its money where its mouth is, offering to provide substitutes for Libyan
petroleum products to Colonel Gaddafi’s customers in Europe.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The next
week, the GCC hardline played an important role in driving the deliberations of
the Arab League on the Libyan no-fly zone.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The Arab
League’s position on Libya
has not been a model of consistency.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Prior to
the meeting, Libya’s
membership in the Arab League had been suspended for its brutal crackdown on
demonstrators.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">With the
Libyan situation in flux—and Libya’s
ambassador to the Arab League resigning in protest—it was certainly reasonable
to place Libya
on probation, as it were, until things sorted themselves out.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">When
Gaddafi sent a replacement delegate to participate in the Arab League meeting
on March 12, a Reuters report indicated that the League still intended to
engage with Gaddafi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">"I don't think that they will
be allowed to attend because the decision of the council of ministers was to
suspend the participation of the Libyan delegation," Hesham Youssef, the
League official, told Reuters.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">He added that the Arab League had
not severed all ties to the Tripoli
government and there was a need to discuss the crisis with Gaddafi's
administration, including the humanitarian situation and how to stop violence.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">"We may meet them. But not in
the context of the meeting of the council of ministers," Youssef said.
"Nothing has been scheduled as of yet," he said.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">"There is a need to discuss
all kind of details with Libyan officials," he said. "All these steps
require communication with those who control the situation in Libya," he said.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Ahmed Ben Helli, deputy secretary
general of the Arab League, told Reuters that "talks and consultations
exist".</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Youssef said the Arab League had
also been in touch with the rebel National Libyan Council in Benghazi. </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">[4]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">However,
Gaddafi & Son managed to overtax the patience of the Arab League.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">In
addition to its problems with Saudi Arabia,
Libya has also perversely
managed to get on the wrong side of most of the Shi’a confession in the Middle East.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">As James
Denselow of The Guardian reported Gaddafi has been able to unite both Hezbollah
and the Hariri government of Lebanon—which
is now drafting the UN Security Council no-fly-zone resolution—against him for
his suspected role in the murder of a Lebanese Shi’ite cleric.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Iran, Hezbollah’s patron (and not a
member of the Arab League) has been equally vociferous in condemning Gaddafi.
[5]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">A
statement by Gaddafi during the assassination spat with Saudi Arabia speaks volumes concerning Libya’s
talent for burning bridges beyond nations all the way up to the regional level:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The Libyan leader continued his
criticism to the Arab League and the lack of its member states of what he
described the unity of ranks in the Middle East.
He said that the relations between Libya
and Italy are better in
thousand of times that Libya's
relations with her sister Egypt."
He added that the relations between Tunis and Germany is much better from its relations ( Tunisia) with Libya.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">After
Gaddafi’s humanitarian outrages and insults against the Arab League, Amr
Moussa, the Egyptian Secretary General of the league—who had endured Gaddafi’s
high-handed dismissal of AL mediation during the crisis in Saudi-Libyan
relations--clearly saw no need to shelter Gaddafi in the name of Arab unity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Before the
Arab League meeting, Moussa told Der Spiegel he believed that Gaddafi was
delusional:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">SPIEGEL: Are you trying to
influence him? When was the last time you spoke with the Libyan leader?</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Moussa: The way he is now behaving
means a personal telephone call makes no sense. Gadhafi lacks the insight that Tunisia's
(former) President Ben Ali and (former) Egyptian President (Hosni) Mubarak
showed by stepping down. Gadhafi truly believes that the unrest is controlled
from abroad and that the Libyan people still adores him. </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">[6]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">In the
run-up to the Arab League meeting, Saif Gaddafi demonstrated that the acorn did
not fall far from the tree:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Saif al-Islam, one of Gaddafi's
sons, told supporters in Tripoli
this week the Arabs were "nothing." "Screw Arabs and the Arab
League," he said.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">[7]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The Arab
League apparently decided to return the favor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">To use an
overworked metaphor, Gaddafi faced a perfect storm of negative factors in the
week that the Arab League met in its offices just off Tahrir Square in Cairo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Beyond the
malice of the Gulf monarchs, the hatred of Lebanon, and the disdain of Abu
Moussa, there is a genuine and widespread desire in the Arab world to support
the Libyan rebels, and to prevent a Gaddafi victory that might serve as a
repudiation of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the democratic and
revolutionary tide sweeping the region.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">This
desire was reflected in the deliberations in the mixture of old-school
autocrats and newly-minted bourgeois democrats in the councils of the Arab League
in the form of good, old-fashioned panic.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">There
appears to have been a generalized fear that any signs of going easy on Gaddafi
would be regarded as treason against Arab democracy and dignity by the aroused
demonstrators and activists besetting Arab governments across Africa and the Middle East.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">As the
Voice of America reported:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">"Obviously things are changing
around the Arab world, and indeed in the Arab League as well,"
acknowledged Hesham Youssef, chief of cabinet to the Arab League secretary
general.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Youssef qualified the Arab League
resolution, which was adopted Saturday evening, while demonstrators outside the
Cairo
headquarters were crying "Action, action! We want action not words!"
as "a clear indicator that the Arab world is entering a new phase".
"Clearly some of the practices that could have passed before cannot pass
now," Youssef added.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The Arab League official
acknowledged that calls around the Arab world for democracy is imposing "a
more forthcoming and a more effective approach" by the league towards all
issues, including those related to human rights. "The influence of (Arab)
public opinion is now becoming very marked in the positions and policies
adopted by the Arab League," Youssef said. </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">[8]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">If the
name Hesham Youssef sounds familiar, he was the same official who complaisantly
told Reuters before the meeting that there “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">is
a need to discuss all kind of details with Libyan officials</i>”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">What a
difference a week makes, at least in the Middle East
in 2011.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The fact
that the Middle East’s ultimate autocracy, Saudi
Arabia, had the opportunity to turn the Arab regime’s
freedom-and-democracy anxiety to account against Libya is, perhaps, somewhat ironic.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The
general fug of fear, opportunism, anger, and disarray may account for the fog
of misleading rhetoric surrounding the Arab League’s decision.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The call
for the Libyan no-fly zone was reported to be a unanimous resolution.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Perhaps it
was, but with an asterisk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">It
subsequently emerged that Algeria
and Syria
were strongly opposed to the measure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Syrian state media subsequently came out with a solidly traditional
statement opposing Western intervention in Arab affairs, one that Beijing no doubt found
welcome and appropriate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Syria</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">’s ambassador to the Arab League
stated to the gathering:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">"Any such intervention is a
violation of Libya's
sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and is inconsistent with
the Charter of the League of Arab States and the principles of the
international law…</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">…</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Ambassador Ahmed warned that any
decision by the Council to impose a no-fly zone on Libya could become a mere
legal tool and a legitimate cover in the near future to target Libya militarily
by a resolution of the NATO or the UN Security Council in order to legitimize
the military intervention.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">"Syria affirms that any
decision by the AL Council, in order to get unanimous approval, must take into
account clear and unequivocal guarantees of the absolute rejection of all forms
of foreign intervention in Libya, and the commitment to the national unity and
territorial integrity of Libya and its people, along with the need of
protecting the Libyan citizens against the air strikes they are subjected
to," indicating that the AL must not accept any foreign intervention in
Libya or give cover for such intervention or be part of it.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">After putting the resolution to the
vote, Ambassador Ahmad stated that Syria
is not part of this resolution, as it rejects all forms of foreign intervention
in Libya's affairs out of
its keenness on Libya's
territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Following the announcement of the
Syrian stance, Algeria's Foreign Minister and head of the Mauritanian
delegation asked for their countries' stances to be registered against the
content of the resolution because it has not addressed the remarks and sources
of concern expressed by the delegations of Algeria and Mauritania at the first
session.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">It
transpires that there was a second resolution condemning foreign intervention
in the Libya
crisis; when bookended with the contradictory first resolution calling for
imposition of a no-fly zone, the League appears somewhat ridiculous.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">It is
unclear whether Syria and Algeria
voted traded the passage of the second resolution for their votes on the first,
but the non-intervention call was clearly overshadowed by the virtually
unprecedented, widely reported demand of the first resolution that the UN
Security Council establish a no-fly zone.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">While
generating a show of unity on intervention, the League was also extremely
uncomfortable with calling a spade a spade i.e. acknowledging to the
unpredictable but reliably nationalist citizens of the Arab world that any
no-fly zone would be enforced by NATO and the United States; instead the
problem was kicked upstairs as the “responsibility” of the UN.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Perhaps
members of the Arab League—other than Syria
and Algeria--were
subsequently chastened by realization of the consequences of stripping the
Libyan government of its sovereignty and legitimacy but abdicating the
leadership role to the Security Council.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Once it is
open season on Libya,
events are in the hands of the military powers eager to act, not the
notoriously toothless and divided League:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">French Ambassador Gerard Araud
urged other members in the Council to refer an earlier UN resolution authorizing
the No-Fly Zone over Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1993, pointing out that it "did
not say who was imposing the No-Fly Zone, how it was going to be imposed."</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">"This Council is not a
military headquarter; this Council is supposed to give a political authorization,
and, after that, the countries can work together to impose it." </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">[9]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Perhaps
the members of the Arab League found the Libya debate a traumatic
muddle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Beijing undoubtedly found it appalling and
inappropriate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">China</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">, after all, is no stranger to the
practice of using live ammunition on its own population.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The possibility that a regional grouping,
like ASEAN, for instance, could take it upon itself to unilaterally declare
China’s sovereignty revoked and call for Western military intervention, which
would then come at the pleasure of the Western military powers, is not a pretty
one—or, to the Chinese, particularly legitimate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">China</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> has little scope to advance its
views on the issue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Without any
impressive pro-democracy or military cards to play in the Middle East, Beijing is marginalized to
a somewhat embarrassing degree in the Libyan crisis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">It
dispatched a junior functionary, Vice Foreign Minister Zhai Jun<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to tour Egypt,
Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, and Algeria
and declare China’s
support for the idea of noninterference.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">It is a
nostrum that has limited resonance in the Arab world as revolution sweeps
across national borders and local elites scramble to confront and/or
accommodate the new forces.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The best
the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs could come up with was that the four
countries “had approved of China’s
position” without, of course, any indication that they would imitate it. [10]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">As a
practical matter, China may
be forced to abandon its principle now that its most important interlocutor in
the Middle East, Saudi Arabia,
has committed itself to intervention in Libya
in principle and also in the neighboring nation of Bahrain in practice.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">China</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> cannot cavalierly ignore Saudi
priorities.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">As Andrew
Critchlow pointed out in the Wall Street Journal, China has a high degree of
dependence on Saudi Arabian oil—and little leverage:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">The newly crowned world's
second-largest economy surpassed the U.S.
as the biggest importer of oil from Saudi Arabia in 2009, and the
kingdom's crude is an increasingly important factor in powering the nation's
growth. Considering the economic importance of the Middle East for Asia as a
whole, Beijing
and its neighbors remain unable to influence the course of events in the Arab
world, while being arguably the most exposed to the changes under way.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Despite China's best efforts to
diversify, most of the imported crude it needs to fuel growth comes from Saudi
Arabia, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, and the
kingdom's energy-rich Shiite Eastern province plays a key role in the nation's
production. The Middle East provides 2.9 million barrels of oil a day to China, more than half its total imports, and Saudi Arabia
alone accounts for about 1.1 million barrels a day.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Faced with
ostracization by Europe as well as the detestation of most of the Arab states,
Gaddafi tried to gain some geopolitical traction by offering
petro-opportunities to China,
Russia, and India.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Despite
Colonel Gaddafi’s inducements, his oil and gas will continue to flow to Europe,
and not to China.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This makes shielding Libya much less important and attractive than China’s determined dalliance with Saudi Arabia’s other sworn enemy, Iran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Despite
expectations that it will express its fundamental hostility to endorsing US and
NATO intervention in the Middle East, China may decide it is in its interests
to burnish its global leadership credentials by orchestrating passage of a no
fly resolution in some form—such as one that pays lip service to the
“humanitarian assistance” justification.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">China</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> also happens to hold the
presidency of the UN Security Council this month.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As France, Britain, and the United States
pushed for a quick vote, Ambassador Li Baodong, did not appear to be
slow-walking the process, telling reporters: "We hope we will have real
progress tomorrow." [11]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">In
justifying his decision to convert to Catholicism in order to gain the French
crown, Henry IV is said to have declared, “Paris is worth a mass”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">To China,
Saudi oil might be worth a vote.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">China</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> may well decide to cast a vote on
the Security Council in favor of an Libya
no-fly zone process in order to mollify Saudi
Arabia--while providing much appreciated political cover
to the United States
and other non-intervention minded Western powers, and getting the Arab League
off the hook.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Beijing may
well be hoping that the rebellion will collapse and fail and Gaddafi’s forces
will enter Benghazi
before the no-fly zone “gets off the ground”. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Notes:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">1. <a href="http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/041225/2004122515.html">Libyan
press strongly criticize Saudi Arabia</a>, Arabic News, Dec 25, 2004.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">2. <a href="http://www.france24.com/en/20090331-libyan-saudi-leaders-make-doha-meeting-gaddafi-abdullah-arab-summit-rapprochement">Libyan,
Saudi leaders 'make up' at Doha meeting</a>, France24, Mar 31, 2009.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">3. <a href="http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/03/201131174436731341.html">Libyan
delegation arrives in Cairo</a>, Aljazeera, Mar 11, 2011.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">4. <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/03/11/idINIndia-55491420110311">Arab
League won't let Tripoli envoys attend meeting</a>, Reuters, Mar 11, 2011.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">5. <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/mar/16/libya-lebanon-un-security-council-resolution">Libya
and Lebanon: a troubled relationship</a>, Guardian, Mar 16, 2011.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">6. <a href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,750969,00.html">'The
Beginning of an Epochal Development'</a>, Spiegel, Mar 16, 2011.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">7. <a href="http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/world/9000870/at-arab-league-oman-urges-action-on-libya/">At
Arab League, Oman urges action on Libya</a>, Yahoo!, Mar 12, 2011.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">8. <a href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/7581/World/Region/League-bows-to-Arab-popular-will,-calls-for-nofly-.aspx">League
bows to Arab popular will, calls for no-fly zone over Libya</a>, Ahram Online,
Mar 13, 2011.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">9. <a href="http://www.rttnews.com/Content/GeneralNews.aspx?Id=1575415&SM=1">UN
Security Council Remains Divided Over Libya No-Fly-Zone</a>, RTT News, Mar 14,
2011.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">10. <a href="http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCATRE72C0DF20110313">China says
Middle East should solve problems itself</a>, Reuters, Mar 12, 2011.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">11. <a href="http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/03/201131715122293202.html">Libya
no-fly zone supporters push for UN vote</a>, Aljazeera, Mar 17, 2011.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Peter
Lee</span></i></b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> writes
on East and South Asian affairs and their intersection with US foreign policy. </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><br />
<br />
(Copyright 2010 Asia Times Online (Holdings)
Ltd. All rights reserved. Please contact us about <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null">sales,
syndication</a> and <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null">republishing</a>.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com17tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-24348239906629626722019-07-07T16:29:00.000-07:002019-07-07T16:32:23.561-07:0080 Years of Injustice: The Joint, Serial, and Ongoing Betrayal of Korea by the United States and Japan<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
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<i>[This is the script for the extended audio version my May 13, 2017 Asia Brief episode "<a href="https://www.newsbud.com/2017/05/13/shame-in-san-francisco-americas-betrayal-of-korea/">Shame in San Francisco: America's Betrayal of Korea</a>".]</i> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A continuing frustration for US strategic planners is the
deep mistrust and division between Japan and South Korea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
You’d think it would be: You hate Communists, we hate
Communists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You hate China, we hate
China.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We’re both US allies!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We should hang out!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But it’s never like that, as US Secretary of State Rex
Tillerson has found out as he tries to wrangle Japan and South Korea into line
on North Korea policy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The current friction point is furious sparring over the
placement of a “comfort woman” statue in front of the Japanese consulate in
Busan, South Korea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is there to
confront and shame Japan over its use of 200,000 Korean women as sex slaves for
the Japanese army throughout Asia during World War II.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Japan decided to be angry instead of ashamed
and withdrew its consul from Busan as a sign of its disapproval.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The rancor between Japan and South Korea is deep and has its
roots in a century of injustice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Awkwardly for the United States, the key injustice is the US and Japan
ganging up to screw Korea at the so-called San Francisco Peace Conference of
1951.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Why a “so-called” peace conference?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
San Francisco was not a peace conference dealing out
victor’s justice to Japan after World War II.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Big Four Allies China and the Soviet Union weren’t invited.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t a peace conference dealing out
human justice for the victims of Japanese aggression in World War II.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>China, as victim with 40 million dead, wasn’t
there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neither was Korea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
No, the San Francisco conference was the announcement of the
new Cold War order in Asia, in which Japan was rehabilitated as America’s
indispensable partner against Communist expansion. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
World War II was officially
in the rear view mirror, and Japan’s victims were called on to suck it up and
let bygones be bygones.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The biggest ripoff of the San Francisco Treaty was to allow
Japan to set aside indefinitely the issue of reparations for countries it had
ravaged during the war.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As for Korea…well, nobody wanted to talk about Korea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, keeping Korea out of the San
Francisco Conference and the Koreans in legal limbo was vital to the joint
US-Japanese project.<br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Japan had annexed Korea to the empire in 1910.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Japanese rule over Korea did not go very
well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Rule was often clumsy and brutal
and it was resisted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And when the horror
of World War II descended, Korea was stripped of hundreds of thousands of its
people to serve the Japanese war machine as soldiers and policemen, workers in
its mines and factories, and sex slaves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Approximately half a million died.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Because of the 1910 annexation, Koreans lived and died as
full citizens of the Japanese empire.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But as the Japanese empire crumbled in the waning days of
World War II, it appears Japan decided to abandon its dreams of empire and
re-invent itself as a monoethnic nationalistic bastion, as Ataturk reinvented
the core of the Ottoman empire as Turkey after the catastrophe of World War
I.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That meant dumping Korea…and
forgetting the Koreans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Literally the last act of the Japanese emperor before
submitting to the US occupation in 1945 was to downgrade the citizenship of
Koreans, both in Korea and in Japan, by stripping them of their right to
vote.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By 1951 over 600,000 Koreans, many of whom had resided there
for decades, remained in Japan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now
known as zainichi or “sojourners”, they were considered to be an unwelcome,
unassimilable underclass riddled with criminals and Communists, that the US and
Japanese authorities were eager to repatriate to Korea as soon as possible.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When it came time to negotiate a peace treaty and restore
Japanese sovereignty, Japan was prepared<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>to fling aside its claim to rule Korea without a thought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, Japan and the US saw a danger that
the zainichi might agitate for rights and residence and citizenship and
compensation in Japan and mess up the nice neat settlement that was planned.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The inconvenience was removed by refusing to let the
Republic of Korea participate in the conference and put the zainichi on the
agenda.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As soon as the San Francisco
Treaty was ratified and Japan regained its sovereignty, it passed a law
stripping the Korean zainichi of their Japanese citizenship and turned them
into stateless persons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And once the Koreans were stripped of their Japanese
citizenship, they were not entitled to share in the benefits of Japanese
citizens, such as the compensation the postwar Japanese government voted to
Japanese war veterans…even though the Korean veterans had been full Japanese
citizens during the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Having denied the Koreans<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Japanese citizenship to strip them of any current rights, the US and
Japan colluded to use Koreans’ previous Japanese citizenship to strip them of
their past rights.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
According to the US and Japan, all those things that Japan
had done to Koreans before and during World War II were legal, because Koreans
were citizens of the Japanese empire and subject to Japanese law.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just like Japanese citizens on the main
islands, they were not entitled to compensation for their suffering and ill
treatment during the war.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Koreans, in other words, were only Japanese citizens when it
could hurt them and not when it could help them.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As to the legal standing of the Republic of Korea, Japan and
the United States certainly didn’t regard it as the restored government of
pre-1910 independent Korea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
simply a successor administration put in place by the United States, which had
taken over land that Japan had legally annexed with extensive international
recognition in 1910 but then formally renounced in 1951 per the terms of the
peace treaty.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Obligation of Japan to the ROK: nothing.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Less than nothing, in fact.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As late as 1957, the Japanese government was still claiming
that the South Korean government should compensate Japan for Japanese property
lost after the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And when Japan and
South Korea finally normalized relations, it was not on the basis of criminal
liability and reparations; it was on the basis of mutual commercial
restitution, tying up a few loose ends after Japan had legally walked away from
Korea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The negotiations took 15 years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1965, the Park dictatorship concluded an
agreement to normalize relations with Japan that many Koreans regarded as a
sellout.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Japan promised $300 million in
cash and $500 million in soft loans; and with the encouragement of the United
States, the ROK endorsed the San Francisco Treaty as a “final settlement”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The resultant demonstrations and rioting
brought martial law to the streets of Seoul.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As far as Japan was concerned, that was the end of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It had no obligation either for 35 years of
colonization or for its conduct during the war.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But for Korea it was just the beginning of decades of legal
arguing and moral hectoring in an attempt to get Japan to acknowledge it had
done wrong on the Korean peninsula.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A variety of arguments were put forth: that the 1910
annexation was illegal, because a key document lacked the Korean emperor’s
official seal; that despite the 1965 agreement, individual Koreans still had
the legal right to pursue compensation for abuses during colonial rule; and
since the Dokdo islands had not been explicitly mentioned in the San Francisco
Peace Treaty as Japanese territory, Japan should accept them as ROK territory.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In short, the entire historical record was trawled to
discover any plausible legal grounds for compelling acknowledgment of
culpability and compensation by Japan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By review of thousands of pages of Korean government
documents relating to negotiations over normalization with Japan, a new issue
was discovered, one that had not in any way shaped the 1965 treaty
negotiations: the comfort women.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It was an especially compelling issue because apparently
only Korean and Chinese women were subjected to forced conscription as sex
workers serving the Japanese military, not ethnic Japanese or Okinawans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This gave the lie to to Japanese claim of
equal treatment to Koreans as full Japanese citizens during the war and exposed
the exploitative and colonial aspect of Japanese rule. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Japanese government dodged and weaved to try to minimize
the public relations fallout of the wrenching testimony of Korean women who
were taken from their homes, shipped overseas to military brothels, and forced
to have sex with up to 50 Japanese soldiers a day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No, smearing them as willing prostitutes was
not the way out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Japanese government
stammered out some apologies and mediated the establishment of a comfort women
fund…funded by private contributions.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In other words, no acknowledgment of Japanese government
responsibility, no admission of legal liability for acts during the period of
Japanese rule, and no obligation to pay compensation.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When arch-nationalist Shinzo Abe came to power, Japan
rejected the “victor’s justice” of World War II and changed the frame of Korean
dialogue to Japan’s victimhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead
of talking about the millions of Korean lives shattered by Japan’s imperial
misdeeds, he obsessed with 13 Japanese abductees kidnapped by North Korea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And by an act of the Japanese parliament, it
was officially confirmed that Japan had never officially apologized for the
treatment of the comfort women.<br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
No surprise, then, that resentment still smolders at the
heart of Japanese-Korean relations.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the United States, jumping in bed with Japanese war
criminals is seen as George Kennan’s masterstroke that kept America in the game
in the Western Pacific.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, the
post World War II security structure in Asia is called the San Francisco
System.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As one group of US diplomats put it:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://adst.org/2016/10/japan-world-war-ii-peace-treaty-macarthur/">Beginning
of a Beautiful Friendship: The 1951 Treaty of Peace with Japan</a></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The US has pretty much written the betrayal of Korea at San
Francisco out of history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe that’s
why it finds Korea-Japan hostility so baffling.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let me try to help.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Instead of the beautiful friendship between the United
States and Japan, think of San Francisco as the horrible end of a horrible
marriage between Korea and Japan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The husband, Japan, beat the wife, Korea, raped the
daughters, sent the sons off to die on battlefields and in the mines. Then he
abandoned the family, found a crooked court, and bribed the judge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He got an ironclad divorce and dodged
alimony.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And then the husband married
the crooked judge—the United States—and started a new life of riches and honor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And then came back to tell the ex-wife she’s
not doing enough to make the relationship work.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If Koreans don’t find that kind of relationship beautiful,
maybe we can…forgive them.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com21tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-34068088094982921812019-07-06T12:35:00.001-07:002019-07-06T12:38:45.793-07:00Coddling Japan and Coveting Okinawa: Kennan and MacArthur set the course of North Asian history post-World War II<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
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This is the script of my 2017 5 15 Asia Brief episode titled</div>
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<br /></div>
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The Dark Heart of Asia: George Kennan and America’s Pivot to
Japan in 1948</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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An interesting thing happened on the road to universal
freedom in the early 1950s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The United
States switched to a cold war footing in Asia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The catalyst was George Kennan, the legendary architect of Soviet
containment, and the mechanism a report he wrote for the State Department after
a factfinding trip to Japan in 1948.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
report is one of the most important documents in post World War II Asian
history.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1948v06/d519">Report by
the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Kennan)</a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Franklin Roosevelt had envisioned the United States as a
virtuous participant in post-war Asian decolonization, starting with
independence for the Philippines and including national determination for
ex-colonies that eventually became nations like Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia,
Malaysia, Burma, Indonesia, Singapore and Korea.</div>
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<br /></div>
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But by the time 1948 came along, FDR was gone, Truman was
president, and containment hawks looked at Asia through the lens of thwarting
Soviet expansion.</div>
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<br /></div>
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When Kennan left for Japan in March 1948, it looks like he
already had his Japan policy figured out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The questions he had for MacArthur were more like detailed policy
proposals for which he was soliciting MacArthur’s buy-in.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Kennan looked at the disposition of forces in Asia, including
the flailing of Chiang Kaishek’s Republic of China regime on the mainland in
its struggle with Mao and the Communists, and decided that the United States
needed secure island bastions in Asia to serve as military bases to confront the
Soviets.</div>
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<br /></div>
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A key focus was Japan, successfully subdued by its defeat
and the occupation led by General Douglas MacArthur…and already hosting US
military forces.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Kennan decided World War II was over and it was time to
develop Japan as a pro-US asset.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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To declare that Japan was out of the woods on World War II
meant handling the awkward fact that there was still no peace treaty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kennan was in no hurry to conclude a peace
treaty because, as he saw it in 1948, a peace treaty would involve the removal
of US forces.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because of his anxieties
concerning the Soviets, he wasn’t ready for that. </div>
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<br /></div>
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For Kennan, the key was to restore the viability of the
Japanese economy, not necessarily as a regional powerhouse but simply as a
state prosperous and stable enough to resist anti-American unrest and Soviet
subversion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To restore Japan’s economy,
the US needed to step up with assistance and access.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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That was because, especially without the peace treaty, Japan
had to look east to the United States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
had lost its mainland resources and markets, and the nations of East Asia that
had suffered from Japan were not terribly keen to re-open their markets without
a peace treaty…and reparations.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The US was determined to dodge the universal call for
Japanese reparations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neither Kennan nor
MacArthur had any interest in stripping Japan of 1000 of its most important
factories—which had already been identified and tagged for the reparation
program—to ship to Japan’s victims.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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No reparations is exactly what Japan got two and a half
years later at the San Francisco Peace Conference.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The US was able to finesse the reparations issue at the 1950
conference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By “finessing” I mean
inserting a clause in the treaty that pushed off reparations for subsequent
bilateral negotiations, in other words, only when Japan was ready to talk about
them, and making sure that the most vociferous proponents of reparations were
either excluded from the peace conference, as Russia, China, and Korea were or,
in the case of the Philippines, pressured to accept the provision.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Kennan was keen to lighten the hand of MacArthur’s
administration in order to avoid offending Japanese nationalism and provoking elite
anti-Americanism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This meant
soft-pedaling reforms to break up Japan’s huge industrial combines like
Mitsubishi and Mitsui, and scaling back the purge of Japanese officials and
executives allegedly tainted by militarism.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Kennan also called for wrapping up the war crimes trials,
which he and MacArthur regarded as a useless distraction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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The prime minister of Japan, Shinzo Abe, can probably thank
Kennan for the release<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in December 1948
of his grandfather, Nobosuke Kishi, who had been held in prison as a Class A
war criminal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kishi had run the economy
of Manchuria quite harshly for the Japanese imperial army in the 1930s, as well
as literally signing the 1941 declaration of war against the United
States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Bygones!</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2016/11/the-ghost-at-abe-trump-banquet-nobusuke.html">The
Ghost at the Abe-Trump Banquet: Nobosuke Kishi</a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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One of the most interesting aspects of the Kennan-MacArthur
discussions was the role of Okinawa, which US planners regarded as the
indispensable US military bastion in the Western Pacific.</div>
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<br /></div>
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MacArthur stated that Okinawa was not really part of Japan,
and he saw no problem with alienating it permanently to the control of the
United States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Per Kennan’s notes, he
said:</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="tei-p3">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The people were not
Japanese, and had never been assimilated when they had come to the Japanese
main islands. The Japanese looked down on them. He had been obliged to evacuate
a half million of them back to the Ryukyus, as one of the first acts of
occupational policy. They were simple and good natured people, who would pick
up a good deal of money and have a reasonably happy existence from an American
base development in the Ryukyus.</i></div>
<div class="tei-p3">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The takeaway from the meeting was that Okinawa would stay
American after any peace treaty, and serve as the primary US base in the
Pacific for naval as well as air and marine forces.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Kennan formally advised Secretary of State Dean Acheson that </div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The United States
Government should make up its mind at this point that it intends to retain
permanently the facilities at Okinawa, and the base there should be developed
accordingly. The problem of obtaining international sanction for our permanent
strategic control of the islands should be studied at once in the Department of
State.</i></div>
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<br /></div>
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That is, of course, what happened.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The United States maintained administrative
control over Okinawa until 1972.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since
then, the US, with the wholehearted support of the Japanese government, has
battled local opposition to the massive footprint of its military bases, which
cover 20% of the island.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Okinawan resistance and resentment has striking parallels to
anti-Japanese agitation in Korea, which I discussed in my previous Asia Brief
episode.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In both cases, the core of the
dispute is Japan’s determination, with the active backing of the United States,
to evade any responsibility for the fortunes of an annexed people it summarily
abandoned at the end of World War II.</div>
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<br /></div>
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It turned out that for the United States in the Cold War,
maintaining US military bases in sovereign states was not the insurmountable
task it had feared.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first US-Japan
security treaty signed in 1951 provided temporary provisions for US forces to stay
and protect Japan, the second one, concluded in 1960, made the US presence
permanent.</div>
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<br /></div>
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America had some help from a Japanese friend.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Upon his release from prison, Shinzo Abe’s grandfather,
Nobosuke Kishi was patronized by the United States as its key political asset
in Japan; he rose to Prime Minister and was eventually able to achieve one of
the core objectives of the United States in the postwar period: obtaining
Japanese ratification of the US-Japan Security Treaty in 1960 over massive
local resistance, thereby assuring the US military presence in Japan and on
Okinawa in perpetuity.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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The unacknowledged reverse current in the US pivot to Japan
in 1948 is Kennan’s determination to ignore the factors of decolonization and
nationalism in Asia, and the popular forces that welcomed Communist
support.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Instead, Kennan applied his European Soviet containment
template to Asia on the premise that the primary significant force at work was
Soviet expansion, and the way to counter it was to secure nations and bases to
project US deterrent military power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
assumption proved to be very profitable for the Pentagon and the
military-industrial complex—and very good for Japan-- but caused immense
suffering and destruction in Asia during the Cold War.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Todat, 70 years after George Kennan’s report, Japan remains
at the heart of the American security structure in Asia. </div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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Here's an extract from Kennan's report </div>
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<br /></div>
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<i>The Russians were Orientals under the skin [according to MacArthur]. That was our
great mistake in dealing with them; that we had not realized this and tried to
treat them as Occidentals. Nevertheless, they could not pass as Orientals among
the other Oriental peoples, and therefore could not exercise great influence in
the Far East.</i></div>
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<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="tei-p3">
<i>For these reasons, he attached great importance to Okinawa, and
felt it absolutely necessary that we retain unilateral and complete control of the Ryukyu chain south of Latitude 29.</i></div>
<div class="tei-p3">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="tei-p3">
<i>He regretted that we had not adopted a firm and permanent
policy of base development at Okinawa. This had reflected unfavorably on the
morale and efficiency of the forces stationed there. He pointed out that we had
complete unilateral control of the Ryukyus at this time. They were not under <span class="tei-gloss">SCAP</span> authority but were under the authority of the Far
East Command. They were therefore today entirely in our power and under our
flag and no one could force us to release them without our consent.</i></div>
<div class="tei-p3">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="tei-p3">
<i>As for the Japanese islands, he did not believe that it would
be feasible for us to retain bases anywhere in Japan after the conclusion of a
treaty of peace. For us to do so would be to admit the equally legitimate claim
of others to do likewise.</i></div>
<div class="tei-p3">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>If Russia still presents the same sort of threat to world
security that she presents today, then I see only two alternatives: either we
must not have the treaty at all and retain allied troops in Japan or we must
permit Japan to re-arm to the extent that it would no longer constitute an open
invitation to military aggression.</i></div>
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<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-16313110315428111682019-07-03T19:45:00.000-07:002019-07-04T10:34:37.500-07:00America’s Blueprint for War in the South China Sea<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
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The United States has been systematically preparing the
ground, make that archipelago, for a military confrontation with the South
China Sea and exploit China’s shaky legal standing down there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How systematically?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well, since January I did four major segments
on my China Watch show at Newsbud about the unfolding US plan and I’ve
reproduced the scripts for those shows below.</div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
First, some background.<br />
<br />
The South China Sea, in a surprise for people who mindlessly repeat
the talking point<span style="color: #ed7d31; mso-themecolor: accent2;"> </span>that the SCS is an indispensable waterway handling trillions
of dollars of trade, is eminently dispensable to America and its allies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For fun, google the term Lombok Strait.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And if the penny doesn’t drop, read this:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2016/01/good-news-world-you-can-stop-worrying.html">Good
News, World!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You Can Stop Worrying About
the South China Sea!</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The South
China Sea is only indispensable to—China—and its energy and economic security.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As a non-claimant state
removed thousands of miles from the action, the US ability to advance its
anti-China <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>agenda directly is limited.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">The U.S. itself has zero standing in the South China Sea to
confront China directly, unless the PRC attacks an American warship, which is
definitely not part of the PRC game plan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
The US toolkit is pretty much a matter of
Freedom of Navigations operations a.k.a. FONOPS a.k.a. sailing around the PRC’s
island holdings and maritime claims provocatively with the hope that China will
do something stupid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Which, to date, it
hasn’t done.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
The PRC had decent grounds to lobby
the United States that the U.S. should recognize the South China Sea as a
Chinese core interest and it is alleged that PRC foreign affairs apparatchik
Dai Bingguo did exactly that in discussions with Secretary of State Hillary
Clinton in 2010.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/31/world/asia/31beijing.html">China
Hedges Over Whether South China Sea is a ‘Core Interest’ Worth War</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If that was the proposal fed into
the Clinton foreign policy jiujitsomatic, the output was just the opposite:
Hillary Clinton declared that it was the United States, not China that had a
national interest in the South China Sea and, as it transpired, conches,
corals, marine fishstocks, fisherfolk, foreign oil rigs, and the American
warships that ceaselessly crisscross the SCS all had superior claims to
American solicitude.<br />
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">America loves the SCS mainly because it is a major strategic, diplomatic, and
legal liability for the PRC, especially after the Law of the Sea
arbitral commission invalidated the Nine-Dash Line, the cartographic
exercise the PRC uses to stake its claims in the South China Sea. </span> <br />
<br />
Keeping the pot boiling in the South China Sea is seen as a golden
opportunity for the United States to push the PRC into a corner,
wedge official/military and public opinion in places like Vietnam and
the Philippines away from China and toward the United States, and shift the regional narrative away from the economic/money talks discourse that advantages to China to the military/weapons work approach that is very much in Uncle Sam's wheelhouse.<br />
<br />
Interestingly, though it is
fashionable to regard Barack Obama as the paragon of modern American
presidents, especially compared to the current incumbent, in China hawk circles
he is detested as the mushy moderate guy who gave away the South China Sea to
China by backing off from Clinton's thumb-in-the-eye approach during his second term.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
The presidency of Hillary Clinton
and her more muscular China policy was a much anticipated event, I think, anticipated also in the sense that a China hawk core shouldered aside the Obama-friendly moderates in the DoD and IndoPacom and kicked off the first stage of a planned multi-decade China rollback strategy pretty near the beginning of Obama's second term.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The story of the fall of President
Obama’s Secretary of Defense and the elevation of China hawks in the Pentagon—including
Admiral Harry Harris, who perhaps not coincidentally, served as the Pentagon’s
liaison to Hillary Clinton while she was Secretary of State—is virtually
unknown but you can read about it (and the true history of China hawk
ascendancy that began in 2014, well before Trump) here:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2017/09/chuck-hagels-demiseand-james-fanells.html">Chuck
Hagel’s Demise…and James Fanell’s Rise…and Australia!</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Even with the November 2016 unexpectedness, after much sharp-elbowed jostling I think we can say we are seeing the Hillary
hawk policy, just without Hillary.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
The U.S. military, particularly the
U.S. Navy, specifically IndoPacom the Navy-dominated satrapy headquartered in
Hawaii that drives American military policy in Asia, sees the South China Sea
as the Big One, with the Chinese presence an affront to American prestige in
the region that must be expunged.<br />
<br />
In particular, the U.S. has been working and working and working to create
a mechanism to bring US force to bear in the SCS via the Philippines—and the Philippines'
rather cooperative military apparatus headed by Secretary of Defense Delfin
Lorenzana.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The headline event was Secretary of State Mike Pompeo
publicly affirming that for the purposes of the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>US-Philippine Mutual Defense Treaty the South
China Sea is part of the Pacific Ocean and therefore within the scope of the
treaty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If Philippine forces are
attacked, the U.S. military can respond.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There is a strong political component to the US/PH military
of defense moves—an anti-Duterte political component.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte is close to China and suspicious of the United
States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As to the long list of whys and
wherefores he is not America’s buddy in the Pacific, I can point you to these <a href="https://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2016/09/how-do-you-handle-problem-like-rodrigo.html">pieces</a>
of mine.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In any case, Duterte’s go to excuse for not confronting
China over its South China Sea claims—which the Hague Arbitral Commission under
UNCLOS largely repudiated—and its offenses against Philippine interests and
dignity in the SCS, was that a military clash with China would be suicidal for
the Philippines.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Well, Pompeo’s statement was intended to knock that prop
from under Duterte by promising US backup to the Philippine armed forces.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And sure enough, there has been a barrage of
local initiatives and criticism designed to put Duterte on the spot for his
rather unpopular pro-Chinese leanings.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Most conspicuously, there was the Philippine Supreme Court
ruling that Duterte has a constitutional obligation to protect the environment
of Philippine EEZ including the landforms controlled by China namely Mischief Reef
(a manmade reef on a low tide elevation inside the Philippine 200 nm EEZ that
looks to be a patently illegal structure) and Scarborough Shoal (high tide elevation,
legalities pretty hazy). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Subsequent to the ruling, court cases have been filed to
compel the Philippines government to “protect and rehabilitate” these two areas
and also the Second Thomas Shoal, purportedly victimized by Chinese clam and
coral poaching and perhaps not coincidentally the site of a Philippine military
outpost precariously housed in a derelict navy vessel.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/06/04/1923598/sc-sets-debates-writ-kalikasan-parts-west-philippine-sea">SC
sets debates on Writ of Kalikasan for parts of West Philippine Sea</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The spectre of impeachment has also been raised if Duterte declines to shoulder his constitutional responsibilities to protect the Philippines' maritime endowment.<br />
<br />
Continuing with this theme, the head of Team America in the Philippines—Alberto del
Rosario, ex Secretary of State & executor of the UNCLOS lawfare strategy
that yielded the Hague tribunal decision—went the extra mile by urging the
indictment of Chinese supremo Xi Jinping before the International Criminal
Court for crimes against humanity for China’s harming the livelihood of
Philippine fisherfolk.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.apnews.com/5b128b63cbfb444ea2874047129fc882">Ex-Philippine
officials accuse Xi of crimes against humanity</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Duterte’s also been hammered by his dismissive attitude
toward a collision in which a Chinese vessel rammed and sank a Philippine
fishing boat at Reed Bank inside the Philippine EEZ on June 9 and then sailed
off, leaving 22 Philippine fishermen to their fate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fortunately, they were rescued by a nearby
Vietnamese boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I tend to think of it as “maritime accident” with the
Chinese vessel ignominiously fleeing the scene since it was poaching in
Philippine waters (as were the Vietnamese rescuers), but perhaps parallel
Chinese & Philippine investigations will yield the truth.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3016965/did-dutertes-detente-beijing-sink-philippine-fishing-boat">Did
Duterte’s détente with China sink with a Philippine fishing boat in the South
China Sea?</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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Efforts have been made to paint this incident as an
insidious Chinese plot, led not only by the local press but America’s
designated sheriff for South Sea affairs, <span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=374545216526536">AMTI’s Greg Poling</a>.</span><br />
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Unambiguously, the intent is to put Duterte’s tit in a
wringer so that when the presidential elections roll around in 2022, Duterte’s protégé (or Duterte himself,
if he decides to revise the constitution to remove the one-term limit on the
presidency) will be forced to defend Duterte’s unpopular policies of China
accommodation instead of capitalizing on Duterte’s 80% approval rating.</div>
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Duterte seems to be pinning his hopes on the long-gestating
Code of Conduct for the South China Sea between ASEAN and China to establish
fresh “facts on the water” to supersede the Hague & Philippine legal
obstacles, and is using the threat of trying to enforce the arbitral ruling as
a club to move things along with China.</div>
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<a href="https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/southeast-asian-leaders-report-progress-on-south-china-sea-proposal/4975897.html">Southeast
Asian leaders Report Progress on South China Sea Proposal</a></div>
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<br /></div>
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However, PRC willingness to submit to a legally binding
regime of obligations and dispute resolution (especially after it flouted the
UNCLOS process) spearheaded by its mickle antagonist (and injured claimant to the
PRC’s Paracel holdings) Vietnam! is open to question.</div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
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I would
not be surprised if Vietnam is encouraged both by its own anti-China hawks and
external anti-PRC cheerleaders like Carleton Thayer to adopt a maximalist
position to slow down negotiations with the PRC, perhaps even by end-arounding
the ASEAN consensus structure, with the idea that it would be foolhardy to make
a deal with the PRC now just as the PRC is waaaay out on a limb that the US and Philippines military are getting
ready to saw it off.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #ed7d31; mso-themecolor: accent2;"><a href="https://thediplomat.com/2019/06/saving-the-china-asean-south-china-sea-code-of-conduct/">Saving
the China-Asean South China Sea Code of Conduct</a></span></div>
<br />
<br />
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Instead, China appears to be digging in in the South China
Sea to make the costs of dislodging it in an adversarial process unacceptably
high.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has also indirectly floated the
idea of withdrawing from UNCLOS (perhaps on the basis that the Western powers
are themselves flouting UNCLOS to the detriment of Chinese national security by
warship transit of the Taiwan Strait), thereby giving China the opportunity to
restate and remake the rules in its maritime domain.<br />
<br />
Where does this leave us? </div>
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<br /></div>
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Replacement of Duterte with a pro-US president is clearly on
the top of the US wish list for Asia.</div>
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<br /></div>
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But US ambitions probably go beyond winning back the
Philippines from Chinese influence and for American military basing.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The expectation that a new Philippine president would utilize
US backing, exploit the available constitutional and legal tools, beat the Hague arbitration drum, and finally confront China over its presence inside the Philippine EEZ is, I
think, the lodestar for US military planners.</div>
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<br /></div>
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If the Philippines demands that China vacate Mischief Reef
and China does, well the Chinese dragon has been shown to bend the knee to
Indo-Pacific power.</div>
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<br /></div>
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If China resists, then the full slate of options from
blockades & no fly zones to amphibious invasion are all on the table, the
PRC slides further into rogue status in the SCS, and the terms of debate are
shifted to the military sphere as the US craves.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So it looks like a win-win, at least to Pentagon planners.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The United States has been eager to piggyback its own heightened resolve in
the South China Sea on top of its support for Philippine action.</div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
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If you took the US Navy’s statement that “China controls the
South China Sea in all scenarios short of war” as a sign that the US has given up on the South
China Sea, you might want to reconsider as the U.S. recently launched a military exercise in “island
seizing” which, per the testimony of General Dunford, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, was unambiguously targeting China (as
well as unambiguously confirming China’s foresight in putting defensive weapons
on its manmade islands).</div>
<br />
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</div>
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And the United States recently escalated its military game
in the South China Sea by declaring it would treat China’s maritime militia as
combatants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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The maritime militia is a deliberately motley crew of
special purpose vessels and ordinary fishing vessels designed to harass
fishermen of other countries in order to assert Chinese claims in the SCS and,
when needed, obstruct and inconvenience US military vessels like the USS
Impeccable (a US survey ship that exploits an UNCLOS loophole to map China’s
seabed within China’s Exclusive Zone--and compromise the stealthiness of the PRC's submarine fleet).<br />
<br /></div>
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The intended message—delivered in private by the head of
IndoPacom to the PLA in January, stated publicly by the US ambassador to the
Philippines Sung Kim in June, and advertised to the world by Business Insider
in its piece <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-quietly-lowers-threshold-for-conflict-in-south-china-sea-2019-6">It
looks like the US has been quietly lowering the threshold for conflict in the
South China Sea</a> – is that the US Navy is not going to turn away from its
objectives if the Chinese attempt to impede it with a picket line of unarmed or
lightly armed non military vessels in the SCS.</div>
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<br /></div>
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What might the US want to do in the South China Sea beyond
sailing around on futile Freedom of Navigation operations?</div>
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<br /></div>
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The objective might be to convoy Philippine supplies to the
garrison on Second Thomas Shoal—which has been conducted under a relatively sub
rosa US aegis in recent years.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Or it might be to escort a Philippine environmental
protection vessel to Scarborough Shoal.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Or it might be to provide a defensive flotilla to protect a
Philippine drilling rig at Recto Bank (site of an offshore oil field inside the
Philippine EEZ craved by China but considered vital to Philippine security not
least because it will fund the anemic national defense budget)</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Or it might be to compel the Chinese to vacate Mischief
Reef.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As to whether the PRC will meekly fold up their tents and
abandon Mischief Reef, here’s a possible data point:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/01/chinese-military-conducts-missile-tests-in-the-south-china-sea.html">Chinese
military conducts anti-ship ballistic missile tests in the hotly-contested South
China Sea</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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And another data point that will interest fans of war in the
South China Sea, the United States is rushing deployment of a submarine-based
tactical nuclear missile to be ready by the end of this year, just when things
will start heating up.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
There are
two big years coming up for the United States: 2020 when Taiwan elects a
president—hopefully current president and US darling Tsai Ing-wen—and 2022 when
the US hopes somebody 180 degrees from Rodgrigo Duterte takes over in the
Philippines.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
And in both cases, heightened confrontation is seen as the
secret sauce to make sure the proper outcome—election of a pro-US anti-mainland
chief executive—is achieved.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The question perhaps isn’t, How far will it go?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is How far does America want to go?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Below are the four scripts covering the US moves in the SCS in detail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Believe me, if a war breaks out down there,
you’ll be looking back at these.<br />
<br />
May 15 2019</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When China was just a cute little Communist panda, well, an
impoverished Chinese panda unable to project power into the Pacific, the United
States gave up two of its precious pearls from the so-called first island chain
necklace of China containment: Taiwan and the Philippines.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In 1978, the United States withdrew its Military Assistance
Advisory Group China from Taiwan as part of the normalization process with the
People’s Republic of China.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In 1992, in the wake of the Marcos unpleasantness in the
Philippines, the United States military was ordered to vacate a massive naval
base at Subic Bay and its Clark Air Force base.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Pentagon has yearned to return to the Philippines and
Taiwan ever since, and the economic and military rise of China and its
assertiveness in the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait has created a much
more favorable set of conditions for the United States.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A formal US military alliance with independent Republic of
Taiwan might be the Pentagon’s ultimate prize, but the Taiwan project is still
a work in progress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The pro-US DPP party
holds the presidency in Taiwan, but its policy of pivoting away from engagement
with the mainland and toward Japan and the United States does not yet have a
lock on public and electoral sentiment.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The DPP and its friends in the Pentagon and Japan are
gearing up for a rather desperate fight for the presidential elections in
2020.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The DPP has gotten waxed in their
midterms this year and there is genuine anxiety that Taiwan voters might pivot
back to the mainland-friendly KMT or, almost as bad, re-elect Tsai with less
than a mandate to continue the stand off with Beijing.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Declarations that any electoral outcome favoring the
pro-engagement KMT are illegitimate thanks to PRC subversion and infowar
manipulation are virtually preordained in DPP circles and in America’s Think
Tankistan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Iin fact accusations have
already surfaced and serve as a template for the anti-Chinese influence
campaigning in Australia and the United States.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But the battle to gain Taiwan for America looks to be rather
difficult.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Things might go better in the Philippines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The current president, Rodrigo Duterte is
wildly popular inside the Philippines even though he is execrated in pro-US
international circles as a China appeasing murdering lout.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Duterte’s termed out and there will be a
new president elected in n2022.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Maybe Team America can get a pro-US candidate in there, maybe they
can’t, but in any case whoever it is will probably have less stroke than
Duterte.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Philippine military, on the other hand, isn’t going
anywhere, is staunchly pro-US and is already working with its counterparts in
the Pentagon to push the Philippines into the China-confrontation camp.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In recent weeks the Philippine Minister of Defense, Delfin Lorenzana,
obtained a public affirmation from US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo that the
Mutual Defense Treaty would cover any attack on the Philippine military in the
South China Sea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Then anti-China litigators obtained a favorable ruling from
the Philippine Supreme Court ordering the government to protect the environment
at Scarborough Shoal—an unoccupied landform controlled by China—and Mischief
Reef, which is a totally man-made island created by the Chinese island-building
operation.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/southchinasea-philippines/top-philippine-court-orders-government-to-protect-south-china-sea-idUSL3N22F22P">Top
Philippine court orders government to protect South China Sea</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And the Philippine Navy joined Japan, India, and the United
States for what it called a “joint transit exercise” in the South China Sea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.manilatimes.net/ph-us-india-japan-ships-sail-in-scs/552077/">PH,
US, India, Japan ships sail in SCS</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So we have a constitutional charge for the Philippine
government to protect landforms controlled by China, formal US backing for the
Philippine military in case of a clash with China, and the Philippine navy
joining the US-led China containment alliance in operations in the South China
Sea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Things could get interesting if Duterte’s successor as
president in 2022 decides to put all these pieces into motion together.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How interesting?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Fortunately not this interesting:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/04/21/lorenzana-rejects-proposal-for-ph-to-develop-nuclear-weapons/">Lorenzana
rejects proposal for PH to develop nuclear weapons</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But it could get interesting enough that the People’s
Republic of China might withdraw from a major international treaty: the United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea or UNCLOS.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the previous episode of China Watch I discussed an
interesting gambit by the PRC to use UNCLOS to demand that warships avoid the
Taiwan Strait.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>UNCLOS states that if a
continental state also controls an island, it can demand that warships engaged
in innocent passage not use the strait and instead take an alternate route.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the case of Taiwan, this would mean warships could be
required to sail up the eastern or Pacific side of Taiwan on the way from Point
A to Point B instead of using the Taiwan Strait—if everybody accepted that
Taiwan is indeed sovereign territory of the People’s Republic of China.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Unfortunately for the PRC, that is not the case.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most nations followed the lead of the US in
acknowledging the People’s Republic of China as the sovereign power on the
Chinese mainland…but not over Taiwan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So look for the United States to continue to sail up and
down the Taiwan Strait and, in fact, persuade other navies to come along to
humiliate the PRC and demonstrate the limits of its power.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Add to that the fact that the United States Navy has
declared it has no obligation to respect any 12 mile territorial sea when the
territory of an island is disputed, as many of the Chinese islands in the South
China Sea are.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And now China faces the threat that the Philippine
government, backed by the US military, will seek to enforce its environmental
protection obligations on landforms controlled by China in the South China Sea,
as specified in the UNCLOS arbitration award to the Philippines concerning PRC
claims in the SCS.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
All in all, UNCLOS has turned into a pretty big liability
for the PRC in its confrontation with the United States and its allies.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Therefore, it is not too surprising that the idea of China
withdrawing from the UNCLOS regime is being floated.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This possibility was raised in a piece for The Diplomat by
Mark Valencia, a consultant to the PRC government who had also written in the
international press on the Taiwan Strait issue.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.eurasiareview.com/04052019-might-china-withdraw-from-the-law-of-the-sea-treaty-analysis/">Might
China Withdraw From the Law of the Sea Treaty?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>-- Analysis</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Withdrawing from a major international treaty would not be a
good look for the PRC, especially as it is fighting US characterization of
China as a rogue state.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But the countervailing argument is that the United States
itself is not a signatory to UNCLOS, and PRC withdrawal would level the playing
field with the US—by allowing China to unilaterally declare its interpretation
of its obligations, instead of subjecting itself to the mercies of UNCLOS and
its dispute resolution system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other
words, behave just like Uncle Sam does!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Call it superpower parity.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Valencia wrote:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">China would then be
legally free to ‘pick and choose’ the Convention’s provisions and interpret
them in its favor – just as the U.S. does now. China’s withdrawal
from the Convention would weaken it and the authority of its dispute settlement
mechanism. China may welcome that as it…seeks to alter the interpretation of
international law in its favor. At the least, it would give notice that China
is not to be trifled with …</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it would also
give the PRC more latitude to play hardball on the Senkakus and offshore oil
concessions disputed with the Philippines and Vietnam, including the vital Reed
Bank energy play off the Philippine coast.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s not a pretty scenario, and that’s the whole point: the
PRC is hinting it’s willing to get pretty ugly if its maritime neighbors keep
following the US playbook.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How bad things get will probably be a function of how the
elections in the Philippines and Taiwan go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So mark your calendars for a possible war in 2020 or 2022.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
May 1 2019</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 外交粗仿宋;">China is conducting a big international naval
review in the port city of Qingdao to commemorate the 70<sup>th</sup>
anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 外交粗仿宋;">A bunch of countries sent warships to
participate in a naval review: including </span>Russia, Vietnam, India South
Korea, the Philippines, Thailand, Australia and Japan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>America didn’t, of course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>France was supposed to send a ship but it
didn’t show up.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On the eve of the naval review, when the Pentagon apparently
thought it was the most appropriate time to crap on China, it leaked to Reuters
that a French frigate, the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Vendemiaire, had been
disinvited after it sailed through the Taiwan Strait on its way to Qingdao.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-france-warship-china/exclusive-in-rare-move-french-warship-passes-through-taiwan-strait-idUSKCN1S10Q7">Exclusive:
In rare move, French warship passes through Taiwan Strait</a></span><br />
<span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span> <br />
Responding to a French<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>report, the Chinese Ministry of Defense allegedly stated at a press
conference that a French warship had "illegally entered China's territorial
waters" on April 7.<br />
<br />
"The Chinese military sent warships in accordance with the law, in
order to identify the French ship, and warn it to sail away,"<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190425-china-says-navy-warned-off-french-warship-taiwan-strait">China
said navy warned off French warship in Taiwan Strait</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 外交粗仿宋;">“Allegedly” because the Chinese didn’t include
this statement in the video record of the press conference or the
Chinese-language or English-language transcripts, leaving the statement to be
recorded, shaped, and spun by the journo fraternity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As we shall see, that presents some problems.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 外交粗仿宋;">The English-language report provoked much
excitement amid the US Navy loving China hawk fraternity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Greg Poling, the maestro of the Asian
Maritime Transparency Initiative, a subsidiary of the CSIS think tank designed
to leak embarrassing intel and tittle tattle about Chinese misdeeds in the
South China Sea and elsewhere, <a href="https://twitter.com/GregPoling/status/1121512897132343296">thundered</a> on Twitter:</span><br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span class="css-76zvg2">China accuses French warship of
"illegally entering Chinese waters" by passing through Taiwan Strait.
Umm, what?! Is China now claiming the entire 80nm-wide strait as territorial
waters?</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">Well, couple things here.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">First off, the English language
report was apparently inaccurate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Chinese spokesman did not declare the French warship had intruded on “Chinese
territorial waters”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">The Chinese word for “territorial
waters” is <i>ling hai 领海</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2"><br /></span><span class="css-76zvg2"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">Territorial seas are strictly defined
as the 12 nautical mile limit by everybody, including China.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">The spokesman used the term <i>zhongguo
haiyu 中国海域</i>, or “Chinese waters”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Chinese
waters” is not a legal term, but is generally construed to be Chinese 12
nautical mile territorial waters plus its 200 nautical mile exclusive economic
zone and maybe any other waters that China is interested in.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">So, no, China is not claiming the
Taiwan Strait as its territorial waters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It’s doing something considerably more interesting.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">First of all, even though the United
States ultimately never ratified the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea or
UNCLOS, the US Navy was apparently closely involved in the negotiations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">A key Navy priority was to ensure
that its freedom of operation was not restricted by the treaty.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">Therefore, the treaty text makes two
important exceptions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">First, it does not cover—and
therefore does not restrict—naval operations inside another countries’ 200
nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">Second, the treaty permits warships
to engage in “innocent passage” even within the 12 mile territorial waters
limit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">So, it would appear that the US
Navy—and for that matter, the French Navy--is free to go sailing up and down
the Taiwan Strait, no matter what.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">Even if the China made the astounding
claim that it was claiming the entire Taiwan Strait as PRC territorial
sea—which it apparently did not do—or claimed the entire Taiwan Strait as its
Exclusive Economic Zone, which it could do, warships could still sail happily
up and down the strait on innocent passage without restriction.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">Right?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">Well, apparently, wrong.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">A very interesting article was
published in the South China Morning Post by Mark Valencia:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/3004863/us-warships-and-pla-jets-whats-really-behind-taiwan-strait">US
warships and PLA jets: what’s really behind the Taiwan Strait provocations
between China and the US</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">It was published on April 8, hours
after the confrontation between the French warship and the PLA Navy reportedly
occurred in the Taiwan Strait.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">Coincidence?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think not.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">Dr. Valencia serves as an adjunct
senior scholar at the National Institute for South China Sea Studies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s a Chinese think tank based on Hainan
island charged with making the PRC’s case in the lawfare battles that obsess
the US Navy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">In his article Dr. Valencia points
out that UNCLOS mandates free passage for ships up and down a strait between a
country and an island holding unless…</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">…unless an alternate route exists!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">And, of course for the Taiwan Strait,
it does.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead of going thisaway up
the west coast of Taiwan and in the Taiwan Strait, ships could go thataway and make
a detour up the east coast of Taiwan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-76zvg2">Or as the UNCLOS treaty puts it:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“if the strait is formed by an island of a state bordering
the strait and its mainland, transit passage shall not apply if there exists
seaward of the island a route through the high seas or through an exclusive
economic zone of similar convenience”.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/closindx.htm">United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Whoa.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The rub here, of course, is the ambiguous status of
Taiwan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The PRC professes to believe
that a nation’s endorsement of the one China policy includes acceptance of PRC sovereignty
over Taiwan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As future events will make
increasingly clear, this is not the case.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But for now, based on its own laws and the Law of the Sea
treaty—which France, if not the United States, has signed-- the PRC has a good
case for demanding that foreign warships avoid the Taiwan Strait, and punishing
nations that defy it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Remarkably, the Western maritime lawfare warriors appear to
have been remarkably silent on the error in Greg Poling’s tweet, or concerning
Dr. Valencia’s remarkably timely article.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Is it because nobody checks the original Chinese language of
these reports, and in addition nobody reads the South China Morning Post, an
authoritative source of Chinese government military messaging?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Or is it because the Chinese came up with a pretty good
argument, and Team China Hawk has yet to come up with a decent counterargument?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
April 4, 2019</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A while back I highlighted a statement by IndoPacom jefe Admiral
Philip Davison that, quote, China controls the South China Sea in all scenarios
short of war.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.newsbud.com/2019/02/21/5000-ways-to-die-america-tightens-the-noose-around-chinas-neck/">5000
Ways to Die: America Tightens the Noose Around China’s Neck</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I warned sunny optimists not to draw the conclusion that the
US Navy hates war and we were going to let China control the South China Sea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Well, the Marines just finished an exercise on an Okinawan
island designed to show China what seizing an island in the South China Sea
would look like.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.stripes.com/news/troops-practice-island-seizing-in-the-pacific-amid-us-china-tensions-1.573799">Troops
practice island-seizing in the Pacific amid US-China tensions</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="tx">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Island-seizing will be
“critical for us to be able to project power in the context of China,” Marine
Corps Gen. Joseph Dunford, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said at a
Senate Armed Services Committee hearing March 14.</i></div>
<div class="tx">
<br /></div>
<div class="tx">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“If you look at the island
chains and so forth in the Pacific as platforms from which we can project
power, that would be an historical mission for the Marine Corps and one that is
very relevant in a China scenario,” he told the committee.</i></div>
<div class="tx">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">…</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“You just want to make
the Chinese think twice about asserting their claims,” [said an analyst, Paul
Buchanan] “That’s a clear signal to the Chinese that they’re not kidding
around.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It involved Parachutes! Seizing an airfield! Flying in
troops and artillery!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bringing in the Hercules!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The F35!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And bringing the bull…poop.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
With all due respect to the Marines and their island-seizing
awesomeness, war with China in 2020 is not going to be like war with Japan in
1945.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The US will be able to seize one or more of the PRC’s
man-made islands in the Spratly’s without difficulty.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The problem is what comes after.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The US won’t control the skies as it did during World War
II.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those skies will be filled with
enough Chinese missiles to deal with whatever occupying forces the US military
is able to put on, around, or above a tiny Chinese man-made island.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.scmp.com/article/721476/pla-opens-missile-base-s-china-sea-range">PLA
opens missile base; S China Sea in range</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In other words, we’re not expecting the Chinese to fight
back. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I expect island-seizure is conceived as a less-than-war
provocation building on the basic premise that China is a paper tiger that will
shun direct armed conflict with the United States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Marines seize the island because China doesn’t dare
fight for it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Pentagon might call this “reverse salami slicing”—piece
by piece taking the facilities in the South China Sea in an environment of
“short of war” just like the PRC established them in an environment “short of
war”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Is that going to work?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Well, as the New York Times put it, China Won’t Yield ‘Even
One Inch’ of South China Sea, Xi [Jinping] Tells [US Secretary of Defense]
Mattis.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/27/world/asia/mattis-xi-china-sea.html">China
Won’t Yield ‘Even One Inch’ of South China Sea, Xi Tells Mattis</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To the Pentagon mind, this perhaps means “Xi Jinping will
suffer a fatal loss of face after we seize the islands and China does
nothing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Communist rule will
collapse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let’s do it!”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To the more skeptical mind, this means, PRC is guaranteed to
resist seizure of any of its South China Sea islands, US as well as Chinese
military personnel will die, and then it’s war with China.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Pentagon might be eager for that, and
Japan and India might be happy to see China cut down to size by Uncle Sam, but
it’s not going to be great for anybody else.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Try to remember that, Australia.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As to the most likely candidate for seizure, one would think
it is Mischief Reef.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As in <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/2171539/south-china-sea-rivalries-may-be-played-out-disputed-mischief">South
China Sea rivalries may be played out at disputed Mischief Reef, observers say</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The aptly named Mischief Reef is an artificial island inside
the Philippines’ Exclusive Economic Zone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The problem for China is the island is built on a low tide elevation,
though China is belatedly trying to argue otherwise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Low tide elevation means an landform that was covered with
water at high tide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other words, not
an island that the PRC could occupy and claim sovereignty over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whatever China built over Mischief Reef is
not an island, natural, manmade, or otherwise by international law; it is an
illegal structure inside the Philippine EEZ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Like an oil platform.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or a
floating hotel.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There’s now a lot on Mischief Reef.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1380 acres of reclaimed land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An airfield capable of landing commercial and
military aircraft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stuff that looks like
local defense guns.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And the Philippines can demand that this illegal structure
be vacated.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Current president Phililppine President Duterte doesn’t seem
inclined to do that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he’s out of
office in 2022 and maybe a pro-US successor will be elected.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In that case, the procedure would be:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
First, Philippines demand that PRC vacate Mischief Reef;
second, if China declines, Philippines send military forces to enforce the
eviction notice; third, if China resists, invoke the US-Philippines Mutual Defence
Treaty which, as Secretary of State Pompeo helpfully affirmed last month,
extends to Philippine military activity in the South China Sea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As in:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“any armed attack on Philippine forces, aircraft or public
vessels in the South China Sea will trigger mutual defense obligations under
Article 4 of our mutual defense treaty.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And then, cue the Marines! And Commandant Dunford!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And come September 2019, Commandant Dunford will have the W
76-2 submarine based tactical nuclear weapon at hand in case the rosy
projections of Chicom surrender don’t pan out.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The W 76-2, whose epic recklessness is covered in a previous
episode of China Watch, is being rushed into service by funding from the
Department of Defense’s Overseas Contingency Fund, a.k.a. the Pentagon’s $60
billion dollar slush fund designed to fill pressing warfighting needs quickly
and with minimal oversight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Iraq and
Afghanistan wars were financed out of this fund. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.nationalpriorities.org/campaigns/overseas-contingency-operations/">Overseas
Contingency Operations: The Pentagon Slush Fund</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As one arms control commentator <a href="https://twitter.com/StephenUCS/status/1111298287360004096">asked</a>, why is the W 76-2
funded in a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">special, emergency war-fightjng
budget line? Are there plans to use it?</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hey, you might not
like the answer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>World War III.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s easy!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
March 6, 2019</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When Mike Pompeo was in Manila last week, he said this:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“As the South China Sea is part of the Pacific, any armed
attack on Philippine forces, aircraft or public vessels in the South China Sea
will trigger mutual defense obligations under Article 4 of our mutual defense
treaty.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Was this a big deal?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Zack Cooper of the conservative think tank the American
Enterprise Institute <a href="https://twitter.com/ZackCooper/status/1101468108353617920">said</a>:<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Yes!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Extremely significant policy shift </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Walter Lohman of the conservative think tank the American
Enterprise Institute <a href="https://twitter.com/WalterLohman/status/1101778428917964800">said</a>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
No!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Not really a shift. It’s a restatement of policy not clearly
articulated since Clinton admin. Long overdue.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The true answer will amuse and surprise you. It involves a
stealth plan by the Pentagon and the Philippine Ministry of Defense to circumvent
the administration of Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte to upgrade the
US-Filipino military relationship in preparation for an armed clash with the
People’s Republic of China. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
First of all, let’s take another look at Secretary Pompeo’s
statement:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“As the South China Sea is part of the Pacific, any armed
attack on Philippine forces, aircraft or public vessels in the South China Sea
will trigger mutual defense obligations under Article 4 of our mutual defense
treaty.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/224729-mike-pompeo-visit-philippines-gets-timely-assurance-from-oldest-ally">Timely
assurance from oldest ally</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The first part sounds pretty dodgy, doesn’t it?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“As the South China Sea is part of the
Pacific…”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Well, this has been the American position for decades.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In 1979, U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus Vance wrote a letter
to the Foreign Secretary of the Philippines, Carlos Rumolo clarifying that the
United States would come to the defense of the Philippines even if an attack on
Philippine forces occurred outside the acknowledged Philippine national
territory:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">An attack on
Philippine armed forces, public vessels, or aircraft in the Pacific would not
have to occur within the metropolitan area of the Philippines or island
territories in its jurisdiction in the Pacific to come within the definition of
the Pacific in article V.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A few years later, Bill Clinton’s secretary of defense,
William Cohen, further stated that for the purposes of the treaty, the
“Pacific” included “the South China Sea”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Rock-Solid-Philippines-Maritime-Against/dp/9715508731">Rock
Solid: How the Philippines Won Its Maritime Case Against China by Marites
Danguilan Vitug</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Long story short, if Philippine armed forces or government
vessels in the South China Sea are attacked, the Mutual Defense Treaty between
the US and the Philippines can be invoked.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So, when Mr. Lohman tweeted “Not really a shift. It’s a
restatement of policy not clearly articulated since Clinton admin. Long overdue.”,
he’s right.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Kinda right.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Of course, when Secretary Pompeo made his statement in
Manila, it was the first time a US official had publicly and explicitly
committed the United States to <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“having
the Philippines back” in the South China Sea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But I think the reason why Mr. Zack Cooper characterized
this statement as an “extremely significant policy shift” is because Pompeo’s
statement is a step in a plan by the Pentagon and its allies in the Philippine
Ministry of Defense to conduct a stealth upgrade of the Mutual Defense Treaty
to facilitate a military confrontation with China.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s got to be a stealth plan because the elected government
in the Philippines is headed by Rodrigo Duterte, who is suspicious of the
United States and its ambitions for Asia, and sees China as an economic
partner.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And it’s a plan because there are term limits in the
Philippines, Duterte will be gone in 2022, and the US government and the
Philippine military want to be ready to push a pro-US program on the new
Philippine president.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For the last couple months, people who follow Philippine
security issues have been buzzing about a push by Philippine Defense Secretary
Delfin Lorenzana to have the Mutual Defense Treaty reviewed and maybe even
scrapped.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/12/28/Mutual-Defense-Treaty-with-U.S.-review.html">Scrapping
Mutual Defense Treaty with U.S. an Option--Lorenzana</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Since Lorenzana is considered the captain of Team America in
the Philippines, considerable bewilderment was expressed as to why he would question
the treaty that serves as the foundation of US-Philippine defense cooperation.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Not so surprising if Lorenzana is putting the defense treaty
in play in order to win some upgrades from Uncle Sam.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There is a laundry list of possible goals for Lorenzana.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One is extension of treaty coverage to the Philippines’
territorial holdings and territorial aspirations in the Spratlys and
flashpoint Scarborough Shoal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Note that
Pompeo’s statement only covered Philippine forces in the South China Sea, not
islands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It looks like Lorenzana is
trying to squeeze out a statement of support from the US similar to President
Obama’s 2012 statement that the Senkakus fall under the US-Japan Mutual
Cooperation and Security Treaty—even though the US does not acknowledge that sovereignty
of the islands belong to Japan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Another stated goal is a mechanism that puts deployment and
use of forces into the hands of the US military, and out of the hands of
waffling American legislators and politicians.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As Richard Heydarian, a high-profile pro-US commentator put
it:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The Mutual Defense Treaty…does not
guarantee automatic American assistance in an emergency.</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">According to the treaty, each party
"would act to meet the common dangers [in their area of jurisdiction] in
accordance with its constitutional processes." So, the U.S. Congress, for
instance, would have a say on whether the U.S. should assist the Philippines in
a conflict.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Opinion/A-chance-to-renew-the-US-Philippines-defense-alliance">A
Chance to renew the US-Philippines defense alliance</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
Message being, in today’s fast-paced just-in-time world, war is too urgent
to be left to the politicians or the legislators or debate over a War Powers
Resolution.<br />
<br />
But let’s not forget factor 3: the gravy!<br />
<br />
Gravy meaning the beautifully titled Asia Reassurance Initiative Act or
ARIA, which is basically a $1.5 billion dollar slush fund for securing the
pro-US sentiments of Asian military types at a time when Chinese money is
pretty much seducing everyone else.<br />
<br />
Or as Heydarian puts it:<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Washington's newly-passed Asia Reassurance Initiative Act
(ARIA), which allocates an additional $1.5 billion for American security
cooperation initiatives in the region, can go a long way in boosting bilateral
cooperation.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
For sure!<br />
<br />
Objective 4 is probably the most important one: creating political
difficulties for Duterte and his pro China tilt.<br />
<br />
Here’s Heydarian again:<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">by putting the possibility [of scrapping the Treaty] on the
table he has a chance of forcing the pro-China lobby around Duterte out into
the open -- and pressing these officials to state clearly what kind of security
arrangement they seek and how will this protect the country's vital interests,
particularly in the South China Sea. If they balk at the prospect of saying bluntly
that they would rather trust China than the U.S., this will undermine their
arguments and end up strengthening the traditional ties.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
In other words, Philippine public opinion is definitely hostile to Chinese
activities in the South China Sea or, as it is sometimes called, the West
Philippine Sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Duterte not backing his
Defense Secretary on the need for upgraded assurances is not exactly a
political winner.<br />
<br />
And the Duterte vs. Lorenzana dynamic is beginning to play out.<br />
<br />
Team Duterte was content with Pompeo’s statement and saw no need to go
further and explore treaty revision.<br />
<br />
As the Philippine Secretary of Foreign Affairs put it:<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">"In vagueness lies uncertainty
— a deterrent. Specificity invites evasion and actions outside the MDT
framework,"</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/03/01/1897779/locsin-no-need-review-mutual-defense-treaty">Locsin:
No need to review Mutual Defense Treaty</a></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
</span>Good luck with that:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lorenzana, publicly pushed back
against Duterte’s position.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">He also described the position taken
by Locsin who said there’s no need to revisit the MDT, as the secretary’s own
point of view as a diplomat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“That is a revelation. I still
want a review,” Lorenzana said.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
</span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/03/02/1898016/palace-no-need-review-mutual-defense-treaty#mreRwulXQ2OaMseC.99">Palace:
‘No need’ to review defense treaty</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
Background here is that Duterte—by the constitution—is a one term
president.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’ll be out in 2022 and he’s
getting pushed into lame duck territory.<br />
<br />
The pro-US team is going to make sure that a more muscular pro-US policy will
guide the next administration in diplomacy and trade and economics, as well as
military affairs.<br />
<br />
There are signs that the Philippine bureaucracy are slowwalking Chinese projects
to frustrate Duterte and I will be very surprised if the PRC is able to get
very far in its dreams of jointly developing the Reed Bank oilfield with the
Philippines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
As Secretary Pompeo made it clear, Philippine energy projects are a piece of
juicy meat that the United States is very interested in:<br />
<br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Energy is certainly one area in which
the United States is eager to build new cooperation in the region as well.
Demand for energy in Asia is going to skyrocket in the coming years, and
American companies are poised to invest billions in the region. They’re the
best partners to deliver reliable, secure, and affordable supplies of energy.</i><br />
<br />
A pivot back toward America away from China and deeper into security
cooperation with the United States is in the cards for the post-Duterte Philippines.<br />
<br />
A pro-US Philippines restores to the United States a key piece of the China
containment puzzle it’s been lacking: a frontline anti-China state on the South
China Sea.<br />
<br />
If a post Duterte administration returns to the US fold, look for renewed
emphasis on the Philippines arbitration victory at the Hague, a possible demand
that the PRC vacate its illegal manmade island at Mischief Reef, US protection
for offshore oil exploration at Reed Bank and—who knows—maybe a campaign to
push into Scarborough Shoal?<br />
<br />
If, by the way, you think this is a pure Philippine initiative, I have a
bridge in Brooklyn to sell you for a very cheap price.<br />
<br />
Lorenzana is playing tag team with the United States on treaty review.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pompeo’s public remarks were a way to help
Lorenzana keep the pot boiling without the US openly going against Duterte.<br />
<br />
Zack Cooper, the guy whose tweet I quoted at the top of the show saying
Pompeo’s statement was “an extremely significant policy shift”?<br />
<br />
He went on to<a href="https://twitter.com/ZackCooper/status/1101471407932915713"> tweet</a>: “A lot of people have pushed for this change (myself
included)”.<br />
<br />
In addition to working at the American Enterprise Institute and CSIS, Cooper
is also an associate at Armitage International.<br />
<br />
Armitage International is, as China Watch viewers know or should know, China
hawk central within the Washington Beltway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Randy Schriver, who does the China rollback strategizing at the Pentagon
as an assistant secretary of defense for Pacific and Asian security affairs,
co-founded Armitage International together with legendary power-lifting
muscular Asianist Richard Armitage.<br />
<br />
So, I think Team China Hawk is coordinating with Lorenzana, not just
responding, and US fingerprints are all over this move.<br />
<br />
A high level US team will visit the Philippines in a few weeks to talk
turkey and, I guess, dangle ARIA bucks in front of the Philippine defense
establishment.<br />
<br />
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.asianjournal.com/usa/dateline-usa/top-level-us-officials-to-review-us-ph-defense-treaty/">Top
level US officials to review US-PH defense treaty</a></span><br />
<br />
Reclaiming the Philippines for Team USA is the Big One for the United States
in Southeast Asia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I suspect that the
fact that Duterte’s going to term out in 2022 is the main factor in the fact
that the U.S. hasn’t orchestrated a coup against him yet.<br />
<br />
Putting the United States in harms way to protect Philippine claims against
the People’s Republic of China has its price, of course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And Richard Heydarian is ready to propose
that price:<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">In exchange for greater American assurances, the Philippines
should consider granting access to bases near the disputed area, namely the
Basa and Bautista air bases, and allow American warships to utilize Philippine
ports during the Freedom of Navigation Operations tours, which are crucial to
maintaining access in important waterways.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">So, consider the Philippines and
Taiwan to emerge as key front line players in the US-orchestrated anti-China
containment alliance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And if it looks
like the elections—for Taiwan president in 2020 and Philippines president in
2022—don’t seem to be going the right way, Look out!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
February 21, 2019</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The US Navy is determined to fluff the South China Sea
disputes into a showdown between China and the rest of the world.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In order to do that, it has to massively inflate the
significance of the South China Sea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A recent report by the Congressional Research Service
highlighted the difficulties: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>maritime territorial disputes in the SCS and ECS involving
China and its neighbors may appear at first glance to be disputes between
faraway countries over a few rocks and reefs in the ocean that are of seemingly
little importance to the United States...</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42784.pdf">China’s Actions in South and East
China Seas: Implications for U.S. Interests</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Well, if the Congressional Research Service had stopped
right there, we could probably save hundreds of billions of dollars, a lot of
anxiety, and maybe a nuclear war and millions of lives.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Especially if the research service had added the remark that
the South China Sea is an essential waterway only for China, and merely one
option for Indian Ocean and West Pacific maritime traffic for American allies
Japan and South Korea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2016/01/good-news-world-you-can-stop-worrying.html">Good
News, World!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You Can Stop Worrying About
the South China Sea!</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
No, the reason that the South China Sea is a flashpoint for
a third world war is because Hillary Clinton decided that the ticket for US
relevance in Asia was to inject America into some low-level disputes between
China and the littoral states of Southeast Asia, escalate freedom of navigation
in the South China Sea to a vital US interest, and commit US prestige and
credibility to a satisfactory outcome.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A satisfactory outcome which didn’t happen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead, we got determined Chinese pushback,
island-building, regional polarization, and confrontation between US and PRC
forces.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now, as the Congressional Research Service tells us, the
South China Sea has been transformed into a regional test for US resolve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chinese bases in the
SCS, and more generally, Chinese domination over or control of its near-seas
region could complicate the ability of the United States to prevent the
emergence of China as a regional hegemon in its part of Eurasia." </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
which might: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">"encourage
countries in the region to reexamine their own defense programs and foreign
policies, potentially leading to a further change in the region’s security
architecture."</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Heck, let’s go a step further and make winning in the South
China Sea the linchpin of the Western system of international law—which, given
the inability of the US to ratify the United Nations Convention on the Law of
the Sea, is quite a stretch.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">"Overturning the
principle of freedom of the seas, so that significant portions of the seas
could be appropriated as national territory, would overthrow hundreds of years
of international legal tradition..."</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So, now that standing up to China in the South China Sea is
so darn important, let’s look back at Admiral Davidson’s statement:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">China is now capable of
controlling the South China Sea in all scenarios short of war with the United
States.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And now let’s look at a statement that came out of a naval
conference in San Diego last week:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“We’ve spent a lot of time over the past years playing
defense,” Rear Adm. Ronald Boxall, director of surface warfare, said at the
West 2019 conference here. “Waiting for them to come to you, waiting for the
missile to come, for the airplane to come. The best defense is a good offense,
and the idea that we will go after the threat — at range — is something that we
have to be able to do.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://breakingdefense.com/2019/02/no-more-playing-defense-for-us-navy-offensive-weapons-are-the-play/">No
More Playing ‘Defense’ for the US Navy; Offensive Weapons Are the Play</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
You know, if you don’t wait for the missile or the airplane to
come to you and you fire your missile first, that’s not offense…that’s
aggression.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As to why Admiral Boxall wants to “go on the offensive”,
it’s because the US has a lot of nothing going for it in the South China Sea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
No standing as a disputant, no Chinese attempts to restrict
freedom of the seas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All the US Navy has
got is Freedom of Navigation Operations—the famous FONOPS.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
FONOPS are where the US Navy sails around China occupied islands
in the South China Sea, entering within the 12 mile territorial waters claimed
by China, and inviting the Chinese Navy to hassle it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So far this has yielded a lot of…sailing
around.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Admiral Boxall’s desire to throw the first punch, I suspect,
has something to do with the Navy’s FONOP frustration.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Maybe threatening to attack a Chinese Navy frigate on the
pretext that it appeared an imminent threat is supposed to wipe that smug look
off China’s face.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And maybe also the way to start that war that Admiral
Davidson has declared is the only way to deny China control of the South China
Sea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Wouldn’t be the first time the US started a war in the South
China Sea with a FONOP, by the way.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Anybody remember the Gulf of Tonkin incident?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The official story is that on August 4, 1964 North
Vietnamese torpedo boats staged an unprovoked attack on the U.S. destroyers
Turner Joy and Maddox in international waters in the Gulf of Tonkin adjacent to
the South China Sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
President Lyndon Johnson and Secretary of Defense Robert
McNamara used this outrage to push the so-called Gulf of Tonkin resolution
through Congress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It enabled direct US
military action against North Vietnam and turned our doomed support for a
faltering South Vietnamese regime into a national disaster for Vietnam,
Cambodia, Laos, and the United States that claimed over 2 million lives.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Later the story came out that, so sorry, there actually <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hadn’t been an attack.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were some confusing radar signals,
shells got fired into the empty ocean, inaccurate and panicky cables were sent,
the war started, so frickin’ sorry.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Well, the story that finally came out in 2010, 46 years
after the fact, through the declassification of a 1968 secret report to the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, was this:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The destroyers Turner Joy and Maddox were sent off the
Vietnam coast as part of a series of provocations that included the first
attacks of the war against North Vietnamese coastal facilities by South
Vietnamese patrol boats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two
destroyers were tasked with provoking and recording North Vietnamese radar
coverage, and also with drawing North Vietnamese attention away from the South
Vietnamese attacks going on down the coast.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://fas.org/irp/congress/2010_rpt/sfrc-v20.pdf">Executive Sessions of
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Volume XX 90<sup>th</sup> Congress
Second Session 1968.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Made Public 2010. </a></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
North Vietnam, like China, claimed a 12 mile territorial
sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The US government accepted the 12
mile limit for China but unilaterally declared it only accepted a 3 mile limit
for Vietnam, and sailed within 4 miles of the Vietnamese coast—hence the US
claim that it was operating in “international waters”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I think it’s worth noting that, just like the 3 mile
territorial sea instead of 12 mile trickery for North Vietnam, today the US is
working on the theory that China is entitled to zero territorial sea around its
manmade islands instead of 12 miles because the islands are contested—in which
case the US Navy, instead of limiting itself to so-called straight line innocent
passage, can loiter right off the islands and conduct military operations...<br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">...and maybe just maybe
do enough hinky stuff to provoke China into a reaction that justifies US
offensive military operations to drive the PRC out of the South China Sea,
thereby achieving Admiral Davidson’s cherished goal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Back to 1964.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The US
expected North Vietnamese attack in response to the US encroachment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And when the attacks didn’t materialize, US
Pacific Fleet was not pleased…and ordered the patrols to continue in order to
“adequately demonstrate United States resolve to assert its legitimate rights
in international waters.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The secret Senate Foreign Relations Committee report
commented:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">It says clearly that
CINCPACFLT was disappointed with the results of the mission thus far - that is,
the United States had not yet ''demonstrated'' its resolve to assert its
legitimate rights in international waters. This seems to mean that we had not
as yet had the opportunity to demonstrate this forcibly. <br />
<br />
... Although the administration described the patrol of the <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Maddox</span> and <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Turner Joy</span> as routine but prepared for attack, there is
considerable evidence that the objective of the patrol was to provoke the North
Vietnamese and then to bloody them if they responded to the provocation.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Apparently, the crews of the two destroyers were so anxious
about being attacked in this shady and risky inshore operation, everybody
freaked out when some glitch radar signals popped up, everybody started
shooting their guns off, and the panicked call went out that the Turner Joy and
the Maddox were under attack…even though there were no North Vietnamese vessels
around for miles.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
LBJ and McNamara are alleged to have realized the whole
story was bogus, but manipulated the record to sell the attack narrative and
pass the Gulf of Tonkin resolution.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So there you have it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A mixture of covert and overt provocations in the South China Sea
exploiting a unilateral US interpretation of freedom of navigation and designed
to deliver a casus belli.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And when the
casus belli didn’t appear, we manufactured one anyway.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
You may be surprised to know 1964 wasn’t even the first time
the US Navy tried to jumpstart an Asian conflict with the provocative
near-shore positioning of a destroyer to invite an attack, retaliation, and a
regional war.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It happened in 1951, off the southern Chinese coast, and the
designated piñata was the US destroyer John Bole, dispatched within Chinese
territorial waters to provoke an attack by China—and a counterattack by a US
task force lurking over the horizon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If it
had worked, Douglas MacArthur, who cooked up the scheme, would have achieved
his goal of expanding the Korean conflict into a regional war against China.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I tell this unknown story in my exclusive Newsbud video, <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.newsbud.com/shop/newsbud-digital-general-macarthurs-conspiracy-to-start-a-war-with-china/">General
MacArthur’s Conspiracy to Start a War with China</a></span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A link to buy the DVD is in the
shownotes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Buy it!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You won’t get the story anywhere else.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The start a war with China op didn’t come off then, but as
you can see, the Navy never gives up on a bad idea, whether it’s 1951, 1964…or
2019.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Remember that if and when the balloon goes up again and
another American destroyer somehow ends up shooting up a Chinese vessel…or
maybe just the empty ocean.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I’ll give the last word to Senators Case and Hickenlooper of
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They had this exchange in 1968, but it’s clear nothing much has changed
since then.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://fas.org/irp/congress/2010_rpt/sfrc-v20.pdf">Executive Sessions of
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Volume XX 90<sup>th</sup> Congress
Second Session 1968.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Made Public 2010. </a></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 107%;">Senator C</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%;">ASE</span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 107%;">. Mr. Chairman, I think one of the suggestions, I do not know
that it has quite been put into these words, is that the Defense Department,
for purposes which it considered most pa-triotic and necessary, decided that
the time had come to stop shilly- shallying with the commies and resist, and
this was the time, and it had to be contrived so that the President could come
along, and that the Congress would follow. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 107%;">Senator H</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%;">ICKENLOOPER</span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 107%;">. I think historically whenever a
country wants to go to war it finds a pretext. We have had 5,000 pretexts
historically to go to war. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 107%;">Amen,
brother</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-8046615118322248902019-06-04T00:41:00.001-07:002019-06-05T08:58:28.199-07:00What I Witnessed in 1989 in Beijing<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i>"It cost us 20 million lives to win the rivers and mountains of China. Do the students believe they can take them from us without payment?"</i><br />
Remark attributed to Wang Zhen after declaration of martial law in May 1989<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>"We love the students"</i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Message scribbled in my notes by a citizen of Beijing in May 1989 </div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br />
As will be apparent from the material I've archived in this post, I was on the
scene at Tian An Men Square in Beijing for a good number of significant events
in 1989, including June 4<sup>th</sup> and also May 19, which might have turned
out to be even more significant.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A few weeks after I returned to the U.S., I wrote an account
of my experiences, submitted it to a national magazine, and received a nice
rejection letter stating that “at this stage it does feel a little out of date,
considering the volume of testimonies that have been published’.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Considering the saturation coverage the democracy movement
had received in the Western press, I couldn’t argue with that assessment, so I
tucked my account and my notes into an envelope, where they resided untouched
for thirty years.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
However, I revisited my old
typewritten/handwritten/faxed/photocopied archive yesterday and decided to
convert them into digital form and post them here to provide a documentary alternative to the June
4<sup>th</sup> fetishism (now supercharged by the hope that the CCP will be swept into the dustbin of history as a challenger to US pre-eminence) that infects the Western press and intelligentsia...<br />
<br />
...or as Nicholas Kristof put it in one of the endless series of June 4th 30th anniversary commemoratives run by the New York Times in its crusade to embarrass and delegitimize the CCP:<br />
<br />
<i><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="auto">[T]hose of us who witnessed Beijing Spring are confident that eventually, unpredictably, the tide of freedom will roll in again.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Well, some of us who witnessed Beijing Spring harbor certain suspicions that 1989 witnessed a new birth of authoritarianism.<br />
<br />
Western nostalgia for 1989 is understandable, because it was the apogee of pro-American sentiment in
Beijing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When I was in the square,
locals were inviting the United States to send aid in the form of B 52 bombers,
missiles, and even the Mafia (to assassinate Li Peng and Yang Shangkun).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But in my opinion the simplistic narrative of a democratic movement temporarily balked by authoritarian power simplifies the forces at work, ignores the post-1989 evolution of Chinese sentiment, and encourages the false hope that those (pro-American, regime-shaking) conditions
can be conveniently replicated in the 21<sup>st</sup> century.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The CCP has spent decades studying, developing
countermeasures, and evolving to make sure 1989 (and for that matter Tian An
Men) don’t happen again. And the U.S. has spent decades screwing up: stuff like bombing the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, cratering the prestige of liberal democracy through the Iraq War, Great Financial Crisis, Trumpismo, so on and so forth.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As preface to my 1989 material, I offer these observations concerning 1989 (and welcome
correction since I have not immersed myself in the history of the movement):</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Before the troops entered the city on the evening of June 3,
the democracy movement had already been pretty much defeated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The immense crowds had deserted Tian An Men
Square, leaving it to a relatively bedraggled and disorganized group of dead
enders.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When Zhao Ziyang visited the square on May 19 and told the
students he had “come too late” he was probably expressing his regret that he
had been completely outmaneuvered in the factional infighting in the Politburo
and terminally botched his attempt, whether motivated by reasons of principle
or ambition, to leverage the energies of the popular protests on behalf of his
agenda.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I have not followed the minutiae of June 4<sup>th</sup>
historiography, but I would be interested to learn who was the young man in
military fatigues who hurried to the square on May 19 (but had his face
shielded from cameras) to urgently announce Zhao Ziyang’s removal from the Politburo
Standing Committee, thereby rallying the students who were poised to abandon
the square that night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If Zhao dispatched the messenger, perhaps Deng Xiaoping was
generous in simply putting Zhao in cold storage in Sichuan for the rest of his
life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And maybe history is generous in
not condemning Zhao for encouraging the students to cling to the square and
become a piñata for the PLA.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In my opinion, the 1989 movement was less of a “democracy
movement” than a “populist movement” in keeping with the base meaning of the Chinese characters 民主 a.k.a. "rule by the people".<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
its rhetoric it largely eschewed direct challenge to the CCP’s right to rule,
and instead agitated for accountable rule, to be achieved through increased
freedom of expression and association, not multi-party democracy and free
elections.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Undoubtedly for many activists the ultimate goal was to rot
the CCP into oblivion through free speech, protest, and agitation and
transition to a parliamentary system, but the formal mechanism was “petition”
i.e. appealing to the better nature of the CCP’s better leaders to come up with
solutions to the Party’s dysfunctional rule.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And Party rule in 1989 was pretty corrupt and pretty inept.<br />
<br />
This approach produced a designation of "bad" CCP leaders (Li Peng, Yang Shangkun, Wang Zhen etc.) and the declared hope that "better" CCP leaders (Zhao Ziyang, Wan Li, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen) would step up to champion Hu Yaobang's legacy and the student agenda.<br />
<br />
Fatally, the ultimate "bad" CCP leader turned out to be Deng Xiaoping & he scotched any hopes of a favorable factional dynamic inside the CCP that would sideline the hardliners.<br />
<br />
Tian An Men is very much Deng Xiaoping's bloody baby. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Student hopes of an elite-fracturing factional struggle within the CCP leadership elicited Deng Xiaoping’s otherwise inexplicable fear of a return
to the Cultural Revolution and its mobilization of the entirety of Chinese
society in political, social, and armed conflict.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
Perhaps for Deng, scuttling around in the
caverns beneath Zhong Nan Hai and dreading confrontation with a factional mob
reawakened unpleasant memories of his own experiences at the hands of Mao and
the Gang of Four…and explained his anger and contempt at Zhao Ziyang for
pandering to the students.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The message that Deng imposed on Zhao and the Party was the
familiar one of unity of the elite core: hang together or hang separately.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s a lesson that the CCP has pretty much
taken to heart after the near-death experience of 1989 and the calamity that
afflicted post-Soviet Russia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And I believe Deng’s outlook determined the endgame of the
protests: the bloody assault of June 3-4 and beyond.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The assault was massive and disproportionate
so that every Party member was required to stand up, commit to the Party line
with positive/extreme action, and share the responsibility…and the guilt.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The posted materials include the rejected magazine piece, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Massacre of the Innocents</i>, which I wrote
in July 1989.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For historical interest I’ve also directly and completely transcribed
the record I compiled immediately after the protests in my hotel from my
scribbled notes made while out and about (sample of my field notes below with the statement in
Chinese “We love the students” that a Beijing citizen emphatically wrote for
me).<br />
<br />
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The record is reproduced without addition or correction
(except for my tongue in cheek references of the protesters’ motorcycle auxiliary
as “Deng’s Angels”; I provide the correction to “Flying Tigers”, the name they
became commonly known by).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Bracketed
material] was written as part of the record in my hotel in 1989 immediately
after the events to supplement and clarify my field notes.</div>
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Raw material of history, historians!</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The timestamped
material is stuff I directly witnessed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The other stuff either summarizes conversations with local interlocutors
or presents my commentary at that time.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Final note: I am confident of the accuracy of most of my
observations, except hearing the crowd sing “The Internationale” at 3:00
AM<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>on June 4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When you’re tired and freaked out, your mind
can play tricks on you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I might have
dreamed that one.</div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;">Massacre of the Innocents</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I was on Chang An Avenue west of Tian An Men on the night of
the massacre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shortly after midnight I
walked beyond the XiDan Street barricade—two accordion buses pulled across the
intersection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Down the avenue toward the
west I could hear the continuous popping of automatic weapons, and see muzzle
flashes and the distant orange glow of a burning bus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The broad avenue was dotted with anxious
knots of people smashing paving stones and pulling apart traffic lights in a
desperate search for weapons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Suddenly,
a young man fell in the middle of the street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A crowd hurriedly gathered around him, picked him up amid shouted
instructions, and rushed to a nearby hospital.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The gunfire grew in volume and intensity, and the scattered groups of
people were swept off the avenue in a wave of panic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tear gas began to fill the air.</div>
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<br /></div>
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I turned and found myself looking into the eyes of a young woman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was in her best summer dress and
awkwardly gripping two lumps of rubble torn from the sidewalk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was struggling to keep control of herself,
but her eyes were filling with tears and her voice was cracking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Do you see what they’re doing?” she
sobbed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can you imagine they would do
such a thing?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Please, you must go back
and tell what you saw.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Please.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a chorus of voices echoed her, I was led
to the center of the avenue where the young man had fallen and saw the splash
of fresh, crimson blood near the median.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Shortly thereafter, the authorities blacked out the western district and
the military column began its assault on the intersection.</div>
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I had been in and out of Beijing on business several times
in the month prior to June 4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every time
I came back to the capital, I would follow the thousands of people who would
stream into Tian An Men Square to visit the students there, read the banners,
and gather under the streetlights for excited discussions of politics and
strategy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every night the city shared a
mood dictated by conditions in the square—exhilaration, exhaustion, indignation,
or anxiety.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The citizens glowed with
pride and self-respect, and the democracy movement acquired an aura of
predestined success.</div>
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<br /></div>
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In its earliest stages, the student demonstrations were
characterized by a high degree of discipline and organization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the hunger strike, direction of
traffic in the center of the city was for all intents and purposes surrendered
by the police to the students’ Marshals’ Committee, headquartered on the steps
of the History Museum east of the square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Roadways were demarcated by lengths of white cord and reserved for the
ambulances carrying a continual stream of hunger strikers to the hospitals.
Captains were identified with white headbands and dispatched to the
intersections to clear the way and maintain order.</div>
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<br /></div>
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As the scope of the demonstrations grew, the students were
joined by workers marching under the banners of their factories , and
“independent business men” on their motorcycles forming the famous “Flying
Tiger” squad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the students
receiving open and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sub rosa</i> support
from the media, government bureaucracy, and even the CCP, it seemed the square
was becoming the fulcrum for a truly national political movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The enthusiasm probably reached its apogee on
May 19, the night martial law was declared.</div>
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On that night, it appeared the students were prepared to
abandon both the square and their hunger strike.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Around midnight the marshals formed a human
chain leading out of the southeast quadrant of the square and began directing
the withdrawal of hundreds of students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One after the other, various university delegations dissolved their
distinct, tightly knit encampments, and streamed out of Tian An Men Square.</div>
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<br /></div>
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In the middle of this process a three-wheeled pedicab,
several young men balanced precariously on its bed, jounced into the square near
the Monument to the Martyrs of the Revolution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One of their number, dressed in military green, pulled out a
battery-powered megaphone and announced to the crowd what he identified as
“most correct news”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His face shielded
from TV cameras by the arm of a colleague, he proceeded to details the events
of that afternoon’s meeting of the Politburo Standing Committee—the rejection
of Zhao Ziyang’s conciliatory approach, his removal, and the ascendancy of Li
Peng’s hardline clique.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moments later,
as if to confirm this extremely accurate and timely announcement, the
government loudspeakers crackled to life and began booming out the government’s
declaration of martial law.</div>
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<br /></div>
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A buzz of indignation ran through the crowd and the squads,
which had been leaving, hesitated and returned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The square became a hive of activity, with a stream of speeches over the
students’ PA at the Monument, and spontaneous parades around the perimeter of
the square on foot, under banners, or on bicycles with arms linked<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Meanwhile, factory trucks filled with defiant
workers flashing the V sign began rumbling and down the avenue.</div>
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Within the hour, reports were received that the army was
attempting to enter the city from the west.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Student teams began to rush off in trucks and bicycles, and the Flying
Tigers raced along the avenues unrestricted by the traffic police.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The streets filled with excited people
exchanging news and rumors, and hitching rides on trucks headed west.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometime trucks pulled away with stragglers
trapped in the grasp of passengers on the flatbed, forcing them to do a frantic
quickstep to get on board.</div>
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Their objective was twenty four army vehicles stopped about
6 miles west of Beijing, around a floodlit traffic circle called Gong Zhu
Fen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I arrived to find the glum and hapless
soldiers surrounded by crowds of hectoring students reading statement for their
benefit, and for the TV cameras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
surrounding crowds surged with excitement and energy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Truckloads of students and Flying Tigers
performed ecstatic victory donuts around the circle and roared back into the
city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As dawn filled the east, the
residents of Beijing began to appear, walking, jogging, doing Tai Qi, or airing
their thrushes in cloth-hooded cages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The first morning bus lumbered down Chang An Avenue was stopped by a
crowd of students imploring the driver to join the general strike—and he did.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Walking homeward, I reached the official party
residence—Zhong Nan Hai, west of the square—as the soldiers trooped out to the
great flagpole in the cool, pale morning for the daily raising of the
colors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The doorway was hung with
tattered student banners and a press of haggard young people surrounded the
squad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An expressionless captain fixed
the PRC flag to the lanyard and hoisted it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He stiffly snapped a salute, and the students joined in a ragged
rendition of the Chinese national anthem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It seemed as if a great and fundamental change had occurred.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The first week of martial law began with a flush of
optimism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Citizens gathered in the
square every night to protect the student demonstrators, and the streets were
filled with the thunder of the Flying Tigers, which had grown into an immense squadron
of nearly 250 Hondas, Suzukis, and mopeds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So long as the army didn’t enter the city, every sunrise was a victory,
and the downfall of Li Peng was predicted daily.</div>
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<br /></div>
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However, it is easy to see in retrospect that the students’
cause was lost on May 20, at the declaration of martial law.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The hunger strike was abandoned and the
students were left without a concrete program or strategy to oppose a
government which refused to engage in any sort of dialogue.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Meanwhile, the government consolidated direction of the army
during meetings in Wuhan with the commanders of the military districts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>PLA forces were stationed in TV and newspaper
offices to reestablish control over the media.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was common knowledge that troops were infiltrating into the center of
the city through a honeycomb of tunnels which connect the Forbidden City, Great
Hall of the People, and History Museum to secure locations outside the
city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Enormous military forces—estimated
at well over 200,000 strong—were rushed to Beijing and massed in the suburbs.</div>
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<br /></div>
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In the city, work units began to tighten control over their
personnel and their vehicles, and compiled detailed records of pro-democracy
activities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Flying Tigers were
crippled by arrests (informants had joined their nightly processions and noted
their license numbers) and thus the students lost their reassuring thunder—and
mobility.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A temporary tax of 200% on
inward remittances cut off most of the demonstrators’ funds from Hong Kong, and
petty harassments such as interruption of water supplies to the square further
drained their strength and resolve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Finally, the government made its first overt move against the movement,
arresting three members of the workers’ independent union on June 3. </div>
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<br /></div>
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The tragedy of June 4 was rehearsed the night before—as
farce.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At 2:00 AM I was awakened by
somebody bicycling under my window shouting “Comrades! Get up! Get up!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moments later I heard the synchronized slap
of thousands of tennis shoes as an immense column of soldiers trotted down
Chang An Avenue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were without
rifles or military jackets, and extraordinarily young-looking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, I first mistook them for a
contingent of Young Pioneers, the communist party youth corps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I ran ahead toward the Beijing Hotel and saw
that an excited crowd had gathered at the Dong Dan intersection.</div>
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As the column approached the people frantically began to
pull the median dividers across the street to block the troops’ advance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At first they tried to erect their barricades
across the road too close to the head of the column, and the troops brushed
them aside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The citizens ran down the
road and repeated the process fifty yards onward—with the same result.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, in front of the Beijing Hotel, two
municipal vehicles drove up to block the road to the accompaniment of excited cheers
from the crowd.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the same time the
vanguard of the troops allowed themselves to be herded into the bicycle lane
and sandwiched between its divider and the sidewalk fence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were enveloped by a crowd of shouting,
grasping people and their discipline quickly cracked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Young soldiers broke from the column either
to join the people or escape the harassment, and others, trapped in the center
of the column, began pitching their hats and gear into the air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some clambered over the fence and began
straggling out of town on the sidewalk. Finally, someone from the square
appeared with a megaphone and began shouting instructions, which were
universally ignored.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the column
dissolved, the crowd roared in unison “Go back! Go back!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A pedicab drove off toward the square with a
meagre pile of trophies—hats, jackets, and so on—for a victory lap.</div>
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There was immediate speculation that this fiasco had been
organized by the government in order to discredit the unreliable units of the
Beijing Military Command which had taken part in the march.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Less attention was paid to the fact that this
inept thrust had demonstrated the tactical helplessness of the student
movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the fall of Zhao Ziyang,
the students were clearly bereft of information concerning government actions
and troop movements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The streets had
been cleared of the Flying Tigers and commandeered trucks, and student messengers
had to traverse the vast distances of Beijing municipality by bicycle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Students from the local colleges had, in
large part, returned to their campuses, leaving the square to arriving students
from outlying cities—who were perhaps more extreme, less organized, and with no
clear strategy other than to cling to the square until a hoped-for meeting of
the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress and a presumed political
solution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, the students and the
people of Beijing were exhausted, worn down by tension, exhilaration, and an
endless succession of sleepless nights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The next night brought the whirlwind they were totally unprepared for.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On the afternoon of June 3, I walked down Chang An Avenue
and through the square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The main road
was extensively barricaded and virtually impassable to motorized traffic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Near the Zhong Nan Hai party compound there
were unsettling signs of violence from a skirmish an hour before: three smashed
vehicles, a traffic kiosk with its windows knocked out, glass littering the
intersection—and seven anxious police trapped in a van by an angry crowd.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One man came up to me and showed a blunt,
grey-brown trophy—a tear gas canister.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was the first time force had been used in the city center.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In front of the Great Hall of the People, I came across a
hollow rectangle of several hundred determined-looking troops in full battle
dress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A young man wandered through it
with blood streaming copiously over his face and shirt from a scalp wound, his
mouth gaping and hands raised in a universal gesture of lamentation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A murmur ran through the crowd but no one
spoke or stepped forward.</div>
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That night around midnight, having heard a report on CNN of
new troop movements, I made my way past the barricades to the square once
more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a swirl of disassociated
activity going on, with the main student PA at the monument competing with
another, in the northern quarter, which was ineffectually attempting to
interest the crowd in the dedication of “Democracy University”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I paid my final respects to the Goddess of
Democracy and followed a stream of angry young people striding westward on Chang
An Avenue toward the Zhong Nan Hai compound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For the first time I saw people carrying clubs—actually pathetic
switches torn from the sapling by the road—and gathering piles of broken
bricks. The entrance to the compound was ringed by tense and angry people
confronting a line of troops in battle dress.</div>
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<br /></div>
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I was waiting for a shout, a push, or a slogan which would
send the crowd surging against the troops, but it never came.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead, we watched two young men engage in a
painstaking and farcical attempt to drape a ripped sheet over the security
camera mounted on a lamp pole across from the compound entrance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shortly after midnight they succeeded in
clambering up the pole and stuffing a plastic pail over the lens, and were
rewarded with a half-derisory, half congratulatory cheer.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the next moment we hear a distant wave of rumbling and
popping which might have been summer thunder, but turned out to be the first
sounds of the army assault from the west at Mu Xi Di.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Twenty minutes later I found myself outside
the barricade at Xi Dan Street as the armed column began sweeping down the
avenue to crush the democracy movement in the center of the capital.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
June 4 was not the triumph of age over youth, or the past
over the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the victory of
the party elders led by Deng Xiaoping—creators and masters of the party-state
juggernaut, with decades of revolutionary experience—over naïve students and
untested second generation party bureaucrats.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Declaration of martial law hamstrung the students’ movement
while concentrating authority and effective control in the hands of the
hardline Martial Law Command.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
bringing the army to Beijing served a broader purpose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It created an atmosphere of intense political
crisis which enabled Deng Xiaoping to initiate an extensive and draconian purge
of Chinese society which is still going on today.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This opportunity brought with it a historical conundrum—how
to mobilize the army and still maintain control of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Addressing this problem, Deng Xiaoping also
showed that the innocent patriotic optimism of the students was no match for
the old men who had created and manipulated the PLA for half a century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the democracy movement learned to its
bitter cost, in China, the Party—despite its ideological impotence and the
bankruptcy of its political and economic leadership—is the only organization
capable of exacting obedience from China’s fractious military.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The traditional approach—splitting the PLA into competing
armies isolated in garrisons far from Beijing—would not serve, since units had
to be brought into the capital.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead,
Deng Xiaoping allowed the Martial Law Army to become a vehicle for the ambitions
of President Yang Shangkun and his family, while bringing in dozens of neutral
or hostile armies and creating a welter of competing loyalties and ambitions to
be manipulated by Deng’s Central Military Commission.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The massive mobilization effectively neutralized the threat
of unilateral PLA action but in the process virtually assured a violent and
costly military solution to the unarmed civilian occupation of Tian An Men
Square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was rumored that the 27<sup>th</sup>
Army—commanded by Yang Shangkun’s son-was designated to lead the assault and
threatened with 2 years’ imprisonment as a unit if it did not carry out its
orders and reach the square on the morning of June 4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the event, it took something more than six
hours and well over 2000 lives.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The column advancing into Tian An Men Square from the west
was a lethal motorcade of armored personnel carriers and transports filled with
troops.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It rammed through the barricades
at Xi Dan and established a strong point at the intersection, continually
spraying the approaches with automatic rifle fire in the air, at the feet, and
at chest height.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I took cover in an alley parallel to Chang An Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was filled with people sheltering from the
continual hail of gunfire outside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
pedicab creaked by on the way to the hospital, with a man lying on the bed in the
back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was naked from the waist up,
and very still.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A white towel pressed
against the center of his chest showed a brilliant red dot.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I spent the next two hours huddled in a tiny courtyard near
the intersection with a group of grim young Chinese.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some embraced silently, others murmured in an
undertone beneath the continual crackle of rifle fire about casualties,
tactics, and the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two were
wounded, and the group tried to turn its concentration to treating them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We watched under flashlight as a foot with an
arterial wound pulsed and bled slowly through its bandages into a porcelain
basin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An old couple brought out a
minute bottle of iodine, which was diligently inspected for its expiration date
and conscientiously applied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally,
one of the residents took a door off its hinges to serve as a stretcher and the
wounded young man was sent off with bearers and guide on the perilous journey
to the local hospital.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
About 3:00 AM, a powerful chorus filled the air—a mass of
people on Chang An Street were singing the “Internationale”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The gunfire rose in a crescendo to meet it
and after a few minutes the voices fell silent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I thought, this is what the end of the world must sound like: choirs and
machine guns.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Shortly thereafter, the two-hour barrage of gunfire ceased
and quiet filled the intersection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
was a gentle ‘whump’ and the sky over the rooftop in front of us filled with
orange fire and black smoke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We ventured
outside and found the intersection deserted except for three burning buses and a
few onlookers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I struck out on the
two-hour walk back to the hotel.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As I crossed the Bei Hai bridge to the northwest of the
Forbidden City, I could faintly hear the government loudspeakers from Tian An
Men echoing across the lake, ordering the students to obey the martial law
army.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hardfaced old men and women had
appeared on the sidewalks on the back streets, perched on miniature bamboo
stools.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Passersby warned me in anxious whispers
to “Be careful!” since I was being followed, and directed me down alleys and
side streets.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dawn broke over a fearful and subdued city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A pedestrian told me 3000 were dead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I ducked into my hotel through the garage
entrance at 5:00 AM, just as dozens of tanks and armored personnel carriers
rumbled past its door.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The democracy movement
was crushed and the massacre of the innocents, for that night, at least, was
over.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It is eerily appropriate that very few students died inside
Tian An Men Square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The real targets
were outside—not only the thousands who died on the roads leading into and
surrounding the square, but the hundreds of thousands of students, workers, and
small-time businessmen, the bureaucrats, intelligentsia, and reporters who
dared to challenge the party’s hegemony.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As the depth and extent of the purges becomes clearer, the
suspicion grows that the bloodshed of June 4 was not born of accident, panic,
or military necessity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Through gross
provocations, whether by incompetence or design, the authorities preserved a
nucleus of defiant young people in the center of the city, which could justify
the assault and the cynical post-facto discovery of a counter-revolutionary
conspiracy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Certainly, Deng Xiaoping had to avoid the hollow triumph of
peacefully occupying an empty square; very possibly he had to move up the
timetable for the final assault to prevent his army’s advance from being
outpaced by the retreat of the rapidly ebbing democracy movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The unpopular and isolated hard-line junta
needed martial law in order to consolidate its control over the party and state
organs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It needed victims, and found
them, young and eager, on the streets of Beijing on the morning of June 4,
1989.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Little more than a month has passed, and the Chinese
government is trying to bury the memory of the tragedy in Tian An Men Square
beneath a mountain of words.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nevertheless, it is doubtful that the tautological perfection of
Communist propaganda will make the people forget that their government failed
them so completely—and so needlessly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
the students were the soul of China, that soul is now scarred and
embittered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
During that final night, as we watched the laden stretcher
wind away down the alley, an old woman turned to me and said bitterly, “Without
the students, China has nothing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Come
back in two years and you will see.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No
civilization, no nation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There will be
nothing left.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nothing.”</div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Below my notes from mid-May to early June 1989</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Fax: Events of May 19 – 21</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Cover sheet </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Central areas honeycombed with tunnels (constructed same
time as subway) running to Zhang Jia Kou.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Probably many soldiers in GHOP, Worker’s Park.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soldiers infiltrating in plainclothes,
hundreds seized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Maybe fabricate incident like rushing GHOP for
bloodbath.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>27 + 38 armies turned, kept
away to avoid propagandizing other units.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Govt lying, telling Shanghai that Beij people trying to manipulate
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Beida hunger strikers not
cheating, tho others sneak candy bar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Should take some milk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Supporters
espec weak, get little water, travelling 4-5 hrs/day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wan Li sent cable saying only PC Congress can
issue martial law decree, so Li’s decree illegal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>200 PC reps can form quorum, declare govt
illegal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Students don’t hv
administrative leader, don’t what to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Maybe Yang Jicun could lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D
hates them, an animal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Destroyed Muslim
village to babies in 60s, don’t dare hv any involvement w/ demos fear of arrest
as hostages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People going into
hiding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Fax body</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5/19/89</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Walked to square first around 10:00 PM.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Entry to square at southern quarter, student
marshals keeping lanes clear for ambulances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Didn’t seem to be much going on, local students going out of the square,
out of town students going in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Went back
to hotel, CNN said Zhao out and square supposed to be cleared at midnight, so I
took a taxi to Xinqiao and walked over.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
11:50 Wuer Kaixi spoke, sounding weak, asked everyone to
stay calm and united, said he’d been in hospital 2 days.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Midnight broadcast news.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Fast enters 8<sup>th</sup> day “please drink water”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:30 Guy in uniform says “reliable news” Zhou [sic Zhao]
gone, Li GenSec by 4 to 1 vote (only Wan Li backed).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Photo’d by CBC guy [crowd yelled at him not
to turn on light & photograph.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Friend put arm around spokesman and hid side of S-man’s face w/
megaphone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were standing on cart
pedaled into square].</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:45 Li Peng speech w/ applause [on tape].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Movement is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dongluan</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Back to school/to
work</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:52 Yang Shangkun supports.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very vigorous voice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s “anarchy” (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">wuzhengfu</i>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Capital can’t
be capital:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Very serious”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>PLA must come into Beijing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unavoidable since order can’t be
maintained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Police too tired.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Not against students but to maintain normal
Beijing life, protect some key organizations and depts.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[some people in square] making fun of Yang’s accent “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Shou guo jiao yu ma?</i>” [Yang says] pls
forgive and support.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Meeting of everybody [Announcer read list of orgs attending]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Li Ximin [Pek mayor] “Firm measures against chaos<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Crowd boos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Things were OK before beginning of April—oops, May, then chaos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More & more students, demo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Traffic jammed orgs attacked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Affected production, order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hunger strike “not completely” over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Students sick.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Small minority manipulating <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">其与人道主义也不讲</span>
(really upset [sound in his voice]) Sincerely asked to stop hunger strike, then
dialogue, [?]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1:05 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">北京工业大学</span>[students march through square] look serious [chant] <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">不怕</span>, “Li
Peng <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">胡说</span>
Li [says] serious danger to PRC won by our blood</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Students hearts are good [Li] “disturbing order doesn’t
achieve objectives, just the opposite” “small, small minority creating chaos to
achieve ends [which] can’t be realized through proper legal channels/<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[Their objectives]</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Deng, ccp
leadership</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">Socialist [system]</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">Attack anti bourgeois [liberalism]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1:10 “attack the great Deng Xiaoping.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Attack legal govt people’s dictatorship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Trying to ignite fire, destroy reform.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Take away China’s hope”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[govt exercised] one month of restraint, no other govt could
do this(derisive cheers)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1:13 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">外语学院</span><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span>[marches thru]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Li speech continues </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Rep[air?] party/govt order<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Immediately stop hunger strike, leave square,
restore health</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Students, levels of societies [sic] stop
demonstrations, support of student</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Speech goes on, people do some
yawning (1:18)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
“Class boycotters ‘unconditionally’
return”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
1:21 Yang Shangkun again endorses</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Citizens of Tianjin parade by</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Yang complaining about disruption
of Gorbachev’s visit</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Repeats necessary for PLA to come
in (seems to be repeating first remark).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>[speech was being broadcast continuously]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Banner <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">军民一心反对独裁</span><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span>students and army must oppose arbitrary power</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Broadcast over</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
1:38 bus circling on west side of
square: speaks against Li, Yang, singing International<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Students [in square] stand up,
link arms in double line to keep outsiders separate</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Shangrila hotel banner</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
1:45 people [ ] Crowd after bus
which is circling square</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">工人急了</span>people starting to get
excited.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Continue to repeat speech
[broadcast].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Little knots of people
agitatedly discussing strategy (saying they’ll come in both sides of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">长安街</span>, should block streets.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
People going thumbs up because
they think I’m a journalist</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
1:45 students up + singing</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
N[orthern] 3<sup>rd</sup> of
square almost empty</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
1:59 bus starts moving, ??, TV
lights</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
2:04 Xibei march through 2:05 bus
with lights</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
People blocking army trucks [all
student hunger strike 5/20 if troops enter [heard this news]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
2:20 Crowded trucks to square</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
[I was told trucks blocked west of
city and saw many trucks filled with students driving in that direction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I left Tiananmen and began walking west on
Chang An street]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
2:38 march outside <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">中南海</span><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span>[sing] <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">起来</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
2:45 accident, red sedan speeds,
sideswipes but, no one stops</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
[walked way out to
Gongzhufen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People on streets, cars
speeding back + forth]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
4:30 25 trucks w/ soldiers stuck
at Gongzhufen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Catechizing students,
trucks of supporters doing victory laps</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
5:10 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">复兴门</span>”Strike”
“Strike”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
5:21 street lights go off</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
5:35 first bus at<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">东单</span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Try to persuade driver to strike.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Students get on.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
5:50 flag raised at <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">中南海</span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Students sing national anthem in ragged
manner, applaud when finished.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
[walked back to jianguo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Got there 7:15.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
10:00 martial law</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
11:32 CNN ground link goes off</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
[PM take a taxi find no activity
on<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">北三环</span>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Go south]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
14:50 Baiyunlu 5 army trucks and
soldiers surrounded </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
16:00 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">东高地</span>[near
Nanyuan Airport] 3 jeeps 3 box [like communications? Trucks] 47 armored
personnel carriers 4 trucks w/ trailers 9 troop trucks w/ 40 guys.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Been there 20 hours<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">航空学院</span>’s got them.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Announced 1) 30 students injured
in clash this morning, in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">丰台</span>hospital.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2) <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天安门</span><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span>water cut
off, need help to restore</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
16:36 6 [army] trucks w/ troops
withdrew at Yongdingmen, waving V signs [from troops]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
[Saw barricade of buses at <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">三环建门外</span><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span>intersection]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
[Took taxi downtown then ??
streets]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
22:35 “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">daoqiang bu ru”</i> don’t fear knives or guns</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">中国人起来</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Lining the streets thickly after
Jianguomen10:42 “keep alert don’t sleep”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Crowds on Dongdan bridge, traffic
a mess, better after Dong Dan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Southside of Changan kept free for
ambulances</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
23:00 Down w/ Li Peng</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
In square</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
23:11 [organizers] thanking people
of Beijing for support</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
22:15 overheard estimate 300-400 k
[people] in square</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Fountains working mood calm but
alert</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
23:20 medical workers collecting
contributions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Half of street around <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天安门</span>roped
off for spectators</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
23:33 people expecting action 2-3
am after crowd of onlookers thins out</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
23:35 motorcycle squad seems big,
well over 150 bikes</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
[didn’t expect anything to happen
–army too far away – so walked back to Jianguo]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
5/21</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
06:40 woken up by helicopters</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
11:00 CNN reported rumors of
troops in Great Hall of People, Forbidden City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Think the govt might try something, maybe tear gas attack and rush
square—government willing to risk violent confrontation for one stroke at
Tiananmen to finish problem –wouldn’t take political risk of battle on
outskirts, mobilization inside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
are disciplined units out there waiting to use force against citizens for a
strategically worthwhile objective.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Assume they can infiltrate troops to forbidden city/ghop thru secret
tunnels a/w/a subway.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
After Hu’s death the students
demanded dialogue and moves against corruption.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The govt was paralyzed since everyone, including Zhao, have children w/
dirty hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The govt knew dialogue
would lead to corruption accusations, so their attitude was consistently
hostile.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
If anything the emergence of
reporters as the first supporters reinforced this hostility.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
I think there was always an unspoken
understanding that the students were pursuing a provocative course, and wishing
to embarrass the leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Normally
one would expect more acceptable leaders to be put forward, but Zhao was not
yet properly qualified, and a clear alternative wasn’t available.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nevertheless because of deep distaste for the
leadership, the public was willing to watch the leadership be embarrassed. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
The hunger strike was a
masterstroke showing that the leadership was willing to let the students die
rather than submit to the embarrassment of a dialogue. This turned public
distaste into positive dislike for the regime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Zhao cleverly began to make himself palatable to the students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the night of 4/29 it was reported Zhao ah
offered 1) to take blame for the editorial 2) allow investigation of his 2
corrupt sons, presenting himself as the one leader willing to face up to the
corruption issue, thereby restoring public confidence and enabling the country
to be led.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
It is difficult to think of a more
politically maladroit leader than Li Peng.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As soon as he mentioned “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dong
luan”</i> (recapitulating the 4/26 editorial) he incurred the visceral disgust
of the populace.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
When the people emerged and joined
the students, dialogue became the only morally/politically viable response.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Cities, especially capitals, do
not forgive the leaders who order their occupation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He can have no real future except as the
puppet of the hardliners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even they see
him as a potential political sacrifice.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Scenarios</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天安门</span>square forcefully and successfully
occupied ( maybe dawn tomorrow since I don’t think those helicopters like to
fly at night).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Li stays on top o
repressive and unpopular regime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Zhao
stays out of the limelight</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>2) Military operation fails, Zhao (whose removal
has nt been announced) reemerges as leader of a conciliation regime</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What do the students want?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>An accountable government.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
still find it amazing that in the face of the popular outpouring that the
government still delivers policy statements, like Li Peng’s speech, as an
after-reported by product of his statement to an enlarged meeting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No attempt has been made to win <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人心</span><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span>by addressing the public directly on TV as our presidents
are so adept at doing.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So accountability, a government obligation to justify its
activities to the public.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To achieve
these ends, press freedom, more open discussion, emerging pluralism in the party,
perhaps leading to a multi-party system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I think its govt fear of attack on corruption and criticism of failed
policies concern them more than preserving the principle of democratic
centralism.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Tactically, I don’t think the students are in good shape
now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They will win the war but maybe
lose this battle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The strict news
blackout and party discipline will prevent any official shifts prior to the
first major confrontation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the
students are routed from the square, they better have a good alternative
ready.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Demonstrations against Li Peng? A
general strike?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If the students want to win the confrontation in the square,
maybe they should move the hunger strikers</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5/21 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
13:10 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第二外语学院</span><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span>in Tongxian occupied by
military.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Worker’s park full of
troops.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Train station not occupied.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Bunch of tanks at wanquan n. of summer palace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People getting tired, not too many in square
today.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
16:15 fast ended, food urgently needed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Drive thru square, watchers few, don’t see
many ambulances, truck w/ supporters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Big character posters at Dong Dan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Central areas honeycombed with tunnels built at same time as
subway.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5/21</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
8:45 Deng’s Angels [sic Flying Tigers] go by with enormous
Chinese flag.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe 200+ cycles</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
9:32 leave hotel</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
9:36 people crowding on Hino tour bus, can’t close door</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
9:44 emergency notice in front of friendship store <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">伪</span>govt to
kill 200,000 before 5;00 AM, arrest a big bunch of people</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
9:48 another poster “300,000”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
9:52 loty of people on <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">二环</span>bridge talking, sitting</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
10:00 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">敢死</span>banner<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>passes International
Hotel</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
10:03 big crowd at train station.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Normal train announcement “271 to Dandong”
parking lot normal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Troops withdrawn
inside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>English tear gas trucks used
yesterday.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4 trucks?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“5:00 out, 7:00 clean up [square], jails ready”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
10:20 little old ladies, ask for US support.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can red cross help? UN? Send 2 B-52s?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>complain govt corrupt, forced to buy
bonds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Deng’s son incompetent + rich.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People seem eager to talk tonight.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
10:22 lot of people coming to train station.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Push accordion bus out to block entrance to
train station.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
10:28 restaurants around Chongwenmen open for bss</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
10:34 2 buses across e-w street at Chongwernmen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Plan to seal completely at 11:00 PM.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More buses blocking e +S intersections.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People sitting on buses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Highway dividers stretched across
intersection, still leaving path for bikes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Kids with headbands sitting at blocked-off subway entrance.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
10:43 Deng’s angels [sic Flying Tigers] go eastward apprx
200.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bit roar</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
10:49 Taijitang intersection not blocked.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“government too corrupt” ask for US govt help [missiles]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
10:52 crowd of people surround + applaud + shake hand say US
embassy man in square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Say they have
1000 knives and bricks.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
10:54 announce Shougang squad advancing on square”60-70,000
broadcast from? Bike</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
11:05 street not blocked near square, small march comes, <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">北京市民自治委</span><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
11:10 Qianmen not blocked off, lot of people, citizen
[watch] neon sign still on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Western approach
[to southern gate] of qianmen gate blocked (2 buses pulled from parking
lot).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Main western road unblocked.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
11:15 Deng’s angels [sic flying tigers] pass Qianmen</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
11:18 people sleeping at BOC, China Insurance Co.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All bright lights on in square?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
11:22 splitting street in front of GHOP of line of people w/
linked arms</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
11:25 sign “Li Peng <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">下台</span>” w/ LP upside down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Piles of garbage at monument.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Overcast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Moon not bright.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Beijing music academy w/ banner “we must win” singing
beautifully [enter] north part of square just w of [GHOP] main entrance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Controlled entry for those w/ student IDs
only].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Reserved for students.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
11:30 soda delivery. Sign on bus “oppose fascist ?”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
11:36 [govt] broadcast reliable news.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7:00 keji daxue visit to Nie rongzhen, denies
rumor of military action, just to protect order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Students pls help, pls leave and go back to
school.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Quiet on north part of
square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most people sleeping.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
11:50 don’t seem to be too many students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Continually broadcasting govt statement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Students very calm.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">市民敢死队</span>seems attitude of ?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:00 Wuerkaixi ?? pek citizens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everybody [Pek citizens] to east side of GHOP
but no real movement.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Said Bush openly supported [students]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:00 reliable news.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Hoisted down ?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:06 broadcst starts “all marchers return to square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stop marching + gather together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>PA system having some trouble</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:07 stop coming in temporarily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those inside maintain order</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:11 party member condemns li peng declaration as illegal</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:15 Students stand up [in] separate schools “act
independently” demand emergency meeting of Politburo/People’s Congress, Li Peng,
Deng leave office.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“everybody get
organized”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:25 Teams forming up, need ambulance w/ speaker</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Banner: Madder [sic ?] Xu Xiangqian said yesterday execute
anybody who suppresses students.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A lot of supporters in suburbs to block troops</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:35 broadcast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Examine credentials of ambulance chauffeurs.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:36 keep calm</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:37 order <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">学生敢死队</span>to gather at left side of
memorial hall.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:40 [keji] said they didn’t contact w/ Nie Rongzhen</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:43 student association.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We are not withdrawing just mobilizing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Stay calm</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:49 passing out gas masks (toss in air [a handful of gauze
masks]) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:50 music [broadcast].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Anthem?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>PA sucks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“If this keeps up (for several more days)
Beijing citizens can’t take it any more” [guy at square]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1:11 open letter to PLA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>No attacks on organizations [per] li Peng’s dongluan speech.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Local soldiers wavering, so need to call in others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Zhao represents<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">民主</span>yundong.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Soldiers] don’t want to go down in history
as criminals.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">市民敢死队</span> passes</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1:20 announce some supportive declarations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Leave square for west side?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1:30 reps of universities come up for important matter</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1:32 music again1:37 not too many people on <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">长安</span>street.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1:41 maybe 1000 bicyclists + 2<sup>nd</sup> squad [pass]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1:44 girl writes “we love students” in my notes</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">市民纠察会</span>on steps of history museum</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1:49 Xinhuashe banner marches around square [maybe most
important banner that night]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:00 Deng’s Angels [sic Flying Tigers]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:28 read supportive statement from Xinhua editors, no
violence, show no chaos, right on our side.<br />
<br />
2:37 square very quiet, lots of people sleeping</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:51 at Qianmen student says keji daxue students mentioned
in govt report [as meeting w/ Nie Rongzhen] don’t exist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pancake sellers busy</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:00 Wuerkaixi: troops reached city by subway?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>General movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No panic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Student organizers go to lavatory.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:07 70 students with linked hands go east on Chang An st</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:11 Music + movement in north side of square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many lavatory stops.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:15 speech, interest + applause from crowd {broadcast dissn
by various schools if they should withdraw}</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:16 woman: we won’t withdraw</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:17 Wuerkaixi everyone in square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We won’t withdraw.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Emotional peroration</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:20 people going across street into square</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:25 keep cool.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Won’t
withdraw.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not one person (schools giving
opinions on whether to withdraw.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Troops
still blocked, maybe troops in city wont advance unless armored units
support.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe students [would] withdraw
to embassy section [in extremis].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Troops
don’t know Zhao removed.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:40 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">敢死队</span>lap.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:41 Deng’s angels [sic flying tigers] plus contingent of several
dozen autos. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“If not for cycles, army would have made it in the first
night”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Train station 13 cars of troops in passenger wagons, no
armor</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:53 ranks of bicycles 10 across right arms on left shoulder
[of neighbors].</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:56 bikes ”going to <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">二环</span>” </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[citizen opinion] “if martial law can’t be imposed in 48
hours, it’s failed” </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Many [?]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
4:06 crowd seems relaxed</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Current situation ‘feudal dictatorship’”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Wan Li also resigned?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Banner</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">毛有子上前线</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">赵有子搞彩电</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">周无子?命干</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">邓有子搞募捐</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人民有子谁营</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
4:22 big bike procession.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then deng’s angels [sic flying tigers] in a cloud of diesel fumes and
honking horns.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
4:30 “Should strike to workers can support students”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
4:35 Deng’s angels [sic flying tigers], followed by sedan
corps</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
4:40 movement to west street</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Human chain ? chanting</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Xinhuashe marches past, singing.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
4:48 Deng’s angels [sic flying tigers] again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People/bikes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Big bike army comes out.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5:02 nothing new at N of square [take a] nap</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5:20 sky lightening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>People seem to be leaving lights off</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5:27 bikes pass thru</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5:30 pek govt martial law [directorate] inflammatory
broadcast. Demand [stop to] maintaining barricades, commandeering cars,
blocking roads, ??, causing concern + uneasiness, motorcycle team endanger life
+ limb</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Rumor stop</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Outsiders leave</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Back to work</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Assist martial law</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Traffic police back to work</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Stop barricades</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5:40 big hand for 2 motorbikes</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5:45 guys says “Danger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Drag this thing out –two days, some<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">名堂</span>,
they’re not sleeping, they’re thinking.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
People leaving square in large numbers</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
6:02 buses still block Chang An Jie.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At Dongdan enthusiastic rally at
intersection. “Stay in Tiananmen til final victory”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
6:08 Many big delegations arriving to square, <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">高中,安阳,</span><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span>Zhengzhou, Hebei, <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">四川</span> Tibetans</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Maybe should withdraw, leave empty square for army [to
occupy]”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5/22 day slept</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5/23</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Deng goes to Wuhan to “stabilize the south” talk to military
commander.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soldiers in station on
platforms 6-8</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
News 10:00 positive film report on square</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Train station has station to help students home, but also
mention more students coming in</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Mention state council, news + others in march.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No mention of numbers</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Subway back to normal</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Very few accidents this week</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
6:00 heard “big news to be announced in 10 hrs”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
9:30 pm Gongzhufen/Liuliqiao people but no troops.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two buses to block, also logs, only on
northbound side</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Mao’s portrait in square covered w/ dropcloth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Crane next to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Driver said “maybe to hide his face from
incompetent govt” [actually cnn reported portrait defaced, students captured
them y turned over to authorities]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Jieyan actually curfew, not martial law (<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">军营</span>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For instance, in the past on national day
people cud only go ontheir doorstep or go to parade in organized group.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Think government breathed a big sigh of relief when this
became a vendetta against Li Peng.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
challenge to the regime by a popular movement transformed into attack on one
faction by other enfranchised group, and the predictable, controllable minuet
of cables, news reports, rumor and television footage begins.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Calls for structural change are ignored, the
issue of accountability is sidestepped, and the party remains the father and
mother of the people (the flip side of one party dictatorship), not its partner
n governance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(people can only
participate as victim in extremis to incite removal of leader for criminal
misconduct, but legal y political process still in state hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People’s congress scheduled for
mid-June.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Students demanding earlier
dates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Li Ruihuan spoke favorably on TSN
TV.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Rumor that Hainan repudiated Li as premier.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
During parades, tanks need special rubber treats, o/wise
tear up street.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Yang Shangkun’s army [sic son?] general of army at Fengtai</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5/24 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
B**advised HK paper says Deng called Zhao traitor y counterrevolutionary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wan Li returning home ahead of schedule.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Students must hold on until NPC y hv favorable outcome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Want <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">新闻法</span>&<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">游行法。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5/28 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Wuerkaixi bad student, flunked out of Nationalities <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>U + has failing grades at Beijing Normal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Student leaders not of high caliber.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe no change til emperor dies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has qigong experts come in to do healing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wan Li old bridge buddy who might
survive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All units have to organize
“Weiwen” groups to visit soldiers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Zhao
exceeded instructions in ADB speech, also didn’t mention bourgeois liberalism
in prior speech as instructed by Li Peng.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Does D’s son have $3.7 B in US acct?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Who would have thought workers would have supported students?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or cooled off so quickly?”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5/30 20fot spirit of liberty statue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3 workers just arrested arnd 6:00 pm by
plainclothesmen in front of Beijing hotel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Crowd gathering in front of <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公安部</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5/28 Liu Mang & Lao Hundan = Wei Zhengfu</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Govt broadcast letter of thanks to martial law & capital
protecting army</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
15:07 brooms from keji daxue</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
15:10 broadcast 5 citizens [from <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">西城区</span>]thank
army.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>88 toothbrushes, 150 toothpaste,
150 soap, 150 towels to martial law army.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Tourist bureau delivers food to army.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Daily chemicals factory delivers detergent.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5/30 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Different atmosphere in square every night—tense, exultant,
apathetic, weary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tonight it’s bring the
family to see the gypsum liberty statue made by zhongyang meishu yuan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Oldsters on pedal carts, families on bikes,
crowding around statue taking flash pictures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Very big crowd</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
21:09 talking about plainclothes provocateurs investigated
by marshals</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
21:28 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">外高联</span>definitely won’t leave</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
21<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span>30 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "simsun"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">是高联</span>definitely won’t withdraw</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Apprx 100 red + blue collapsible nylon nikko tents donated
by HK Chinese in front of museum</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
21:37 concert cancelled “be calm” no activity tonight</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
21:40 taped music</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Maybe 20 years from now there will be a bronze replica of
the liberty statue on that spot</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5/31</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Wuerkaixi had lunch in Pek Hotel yesterday w/ 2
companions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Units being ordered to make
preparations to welcome the army.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many motorcyclists
being arrested (plainclothesmen rode w/ them notig license numbers).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Have 3 days to report to police & have
license/cycle confiscated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Units
reporting in meeting who went to square how many times, what money given.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>200% duty on inward remittances by special
order of state council.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Army should have
come in yesterday or today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Outside
students more extreme and confrontational than Beijingers.</div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Fax to US received 7 pm Sunday June 4, 1989</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
6/2 (6/3 am) heard cries of comrades Get Up & sound of
big marching forces at 2:00 am, ran to square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1:50 [troops] pass Jianguo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>2:20 at Dong Dan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[People] start
putting up barricades.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:30 Peking hotel</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:35 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hui qu! </i>[Go
back!] chant.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:37 water truck blocks</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:38 orange + black truck [blocks Chang An Jie].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“UC on water truck”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Zhongyang Meishuyuan banner in lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Troops stopped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One soldier leaves, crying.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Person says] “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bu da, bu da” </i>[Don’t hit him.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:42 “Sit down” [but no one did]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:43 Chant “zuo xia” [but no one did].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Troops] advanced to textile ministry [door].</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:45 cheering, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hui qu</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soldier throws out cap.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“10:00 Wang Fu St. blocked”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>3 killed by military car “accident”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:49 Bull horn appears</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:50 Push [by soldiers] at line [of people].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Trucks across “Nanchi’ [Street west of peking
Hotel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Troops blocked on Street west of
Peking Hotel, resigned, relieved, couple 100.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:57 “unfurl your banner” [old citizen to student]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2:58 soldier start jump over fence in disarray, turning into
crush [?].</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:01 “withdraw PLA, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ai
renmin” </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[love the people]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[Soldiers] tired & bewildered. People applauding “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">huanying´</i>[“welcome”]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:04 soldier born away on cart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Collapsed soldier “just kids [said in
Chinese]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:07 [some soldiers try to walk south on] Wangfujing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Go straight, can’t go south”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soldiers demoralized, disarray, sneakers,
rolled up trouser legs</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:10 “? Disorder” cheer for bus [at square].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Telling you 4 died at Mu Xi Di 9near Gong Zhu
Fen</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:40 [sic]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cart of
discarded military clothing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Trucks
still parked west of Peking Hotel.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:22 Triumphal clothing cart proceeds to square, gathering
bikes.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:30 Clothing cart goes to square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Are there knives in there?” “Yes” [later
said plan to quarrel & attack students with knives]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:32 [guys on bikes at squre chant] <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Beijing ren jinlaile” </i>“The Pekingers have arrived”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Li
Peng liumang” </i>“Li Peng is a hooligan”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3:35 [students at memorial]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>play tape with poetry and music over PA.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[Read <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chuandan</i>
under Jianguomen]: US $45 billion proceeds from corruption in overseas
accounts. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>RMB 5.7 billion for cars and
40 billion for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">da he da chi </i>[boozing
and feasing] while 200 million are hungry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>700,000 supposed to march for government on June 2 [told for bonus of
RMB 10/head bu no one came out].</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[When I first saw troops marching past Jianguo to square, I
thought they were young pioneers, they were so young.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also, their tactics were so inept, I thought
they might represent units insufficiently loyal to Deng who were force-marched
20 km from Tongxian for a job thery were sure to fail, so Deng/Yang would have
an excuse for reorganization of military comment and promote their favorites
while purging others.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[Later that day, around 3:00 walked past Liu Pukou where
traffic house busted, glass broken & jeep mauled (first time I had seen
damage) because of tear gas attack one hour before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many troops were crowded around west gate of
Great Hall of People in helments and gear being heckled by students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Young man appears with no shirt, blood all
over face and chest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First violence I
saw.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His bloody shirt was later
displayed.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
6/4 Probably 3-400,000 soldiers around Pek now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe 30,000 troops mobilized out of Yuenan
(Yunnan?) just arrived day before (maybe flew into Nanyuan?).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2 yrs imprisonment if they didn’t reach
square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many died at Zhushikou, alley
sealed off & people all shot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Old
ladies out for air hit by stray bullets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Taxi driver killed standing in front of Pek Hotel by stray.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dong Zhimen many killed, thought troops wud
only fire at feet, not to kill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In west,
many night shift workers on shift, onlookers killed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bodies taken to Babaoshan for cremation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many soldiers killed (separated from units or
stoned), also wujing (seven on bus killed) strangled by outraged people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Govt first sent in truckloads of Hebei
workers paid 50 RMB & a meal, many killed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Tanks from Jianmenwai ordered to stop or turn for nothing, crushed truck
with 3 soldiers who got in the way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
west killing began at Muxidi, battled all the way in, used reason of attack on
trucks at Liu pukang (after 2:00 pm gas attack) for entry, [?] om 301 Hospital
receiving oxygen, told them to go in at midnight “anybody who goes out of room
responsible for consequences.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Reckless
firing of guns, not too many students killed, many innocent residents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8 tanks burned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Riot police trained in Poland.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
6/3 evening 10:56.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Tiananmen podium with crowd, “Minzhu Daxue” dedication ceremony end s
with blast of feedback.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Singing “Internationale”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very bad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Treated as joke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Liupukou teargas
came in the Great Hall of People.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Three
from Peking Hotel mentioned in CNN broadcast blocked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sullen confusion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People with makeshift clubs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
11:39 Zhongnanhai pail shoved over security camera</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
11:44 more troops out of Zhongnanhai.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:06 dozen muffled reports heard at Zhongnanhai.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Teargas?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>12:10 breaking up bricks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Don’t
make ‘em too small”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:19 Fu Youjie (just heard 2 armored personel carriers had
passed).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5 buses & jeep blocking
N-S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Dongzhimen pregnant woman’s leg
crushed”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Battle at History Museum (Mu
Xi Di).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People taking rail fittings
(from dividers) tearing apart buses as weapons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Big crowd behind buses blocking Xi Dan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:37 bus of soldiers still stuck at Xidan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:41 “armored cars in square” apparently fire to west.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:42 feel tear gas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“6 dead at Mu Xi Di”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gunshots,
advancing soldiers, wave of fear/withdrawal.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:46 Gunshots “right here”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>See muzzle flashes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“ Might be
200 [crying girl, I’m<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>…<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pool of blood from victim of stray]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
12:50 blood of shot student.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Start moving barricades.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
? at Dong Dan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[Afterwards I stoped taking notes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I took cover in an alley, later in a
courtyard, where I was shown people shot in arm and foot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Saw apparently dead man being carried to
hospital on stretcher with gunshot wound in middle of chest covered with towel
with red circular stain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People to out
to alley opening on Gong Dan to look or retrieve bicycle, frequently chased
back by gunshots.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soldiers shooting at
everything.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Continual volleys of shots,
bursts of semi-auto fire, big crowd singing International about 2 o’clock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lot of concern for students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shooting at Dongdan intersection, lasts until
3 o’clock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m warned Americans in
danger and I may be detained as spy or special agent or vanished so witnesses
won’t exist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many requests to tell story
abroad, ask if Mafia can supply assassins to shoot Li [Peng] and Yang
[Shangkun].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many question if U.S. would
do it this way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Old lady says “Next time
you come back to China there won’t be anything, no students, no culture”
“People’s lives are worth nothing”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Around 3:00 big plume of black smoke and orange flames, no more
shooting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Go out all buses charred, one
burning fiercely, no soldiers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I go
north to Xi Si.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Told on way many died in
square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Across Xi Si to north side of
forbidden city, past some government offices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I’m told to be careful twice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m
warned by a guy on a bike that I’m being followed, & he tells me sotto
vocetocross the street, then he asks me where I’m going.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I say Jianguo, he tells me to go up the
alley, left, then left again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I turn
left and run into a dead end with some kind of military installation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Either the guy’s helpful w/ a bad knowledge
of the neighborhood, or an agent who very conveniently found out my
destination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nothing can be done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cross Chaoyang Bridge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seem to hear hostile jeer “Nimen de an dou
xie le?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Reference to failure of
purported plot?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rude <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">getihu </i>brings me over to talk some,
tells me APCs coming this way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Foreigners will get shot”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Others direct me to side street to jinglun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the way I’m told 2000+ dead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5:00 Return Jianguo through back-door of garage.[illegible ]
out to drive to square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CNN based on
knowledge limited to square says maybe more than 32 dead.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Clearly on Sunday
night the army’s orders were to stop for nothing and reach the square
regardless of the cost in human life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Tactics were meant to achieve maximum intimidation and remove any
possibility of blockading the soldiers and reasoning with them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a military assault against a hostile
target (not just random fire against demonstrators).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Casualties were only limited by a total lack
of means of resistance by the people of Beijing.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com81tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-47646456978829639102019-02-21T12:29:00.000-08:002019-02-22T11:52:12.292-08:00“Vice”, Dick Cheney’s Ghost, and the Lies of America's Team China War<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
One thing missing from the movie “Vice” is the Cheney China
obsession.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Not just Dick Cheney.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Lynne Cheney.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the movie Lynne Cheney is portrayed as the hard-driving,
gender-disadvantaged powerseeker who upgraded Dick Cheney from underperforming smalltime
Wyoming sociopath to, well, successful nation-destroying sociopath.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Well, Lynne Cheney was obsessed about the China threat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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In 2007, James Fallows told his readers about a conversation
he had with Gary Hart concerning Hart’s stewardship of the U.S. Commission on
National Security in the 21<sup>st</sup> Century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Commission told incoming president George
W. Bush the biggest threat was terrorism, a conclusion that was seen as rather
prescient at the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2007/07/gary-hart-lynne-cheney-and-war-with-china/7644/">Fallows
wrote</a>:</div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">At the first meeting, one Republican woman on the commission
said that the overwhelming threat was from China. Sooner or later the U.S.
would end up in a military showdown with the Chinese Communists. There was no
avoiding it, and we would only make ourselves weaker by waiting. No one else
spoke up in support.</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The same thing happened at the second meeting -- discussion
from other commissioners about terrorism, nuclear proliferation, anarchy of
failed states, etc, and then this one woman warning about the looming Chinese
menace. And the third meeting too. Perhaps more.</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Finally, in frustration, this woman left the commission.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">"Her name was Lynne Cheney," Hart said. "I am
convinced that if it had not been for 9/11, we would be in a military showdown
with China today." Not because of what China was doing, threatening, or
intending, he made clear, but because of the assumptions the Administration
brought with it when taking office. (My impression is that Chinese leaders know
this too, which is why there are relatively few complaints from China about the
Iraq war. They know that it got the U.S. off China's back!)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Well, concerning Fallows casual assumption that the Chinese
welcomed the Iraq war, not so fast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Because Plan Cheney for the Middle East was founded in the
perception of the China threat, and the need to put a chokehold on China’s
energy imports.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Robert Dreyfuss wrote an article for The American Prospect
back in 2006 (remember when there was actually critical objective reporting on
US China policy?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Good times!) titled <a href="https://prospect.org/article/vice-squad-0">Vice Squad</a>, in which he
detailed the Cheney Middle East energy/China fixation:</div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">For the Cheneyites,
Middle East policy is tied to China, and in their view China's appetite for oil
makes it a strategic competitor to the United States in the Persian Gulf
region. Thus, they regard the control of the Gulf as a zero-sum game. They
believe that the invasion of Afghanistan, the U.S. military buildup in Central
Asia, the invasion of Iraq, and the expansion of the U.S. military presence in
the Gulf states have combined to check China's role in the region. In
particular, the toppling of Saddam Hussein and the creation of a pro-American
regime in Baghdad was, for at least 10 years before 2003, a top neoconservative
goal, one that united both the anti-China crowd and far-right supporters of
Israel's Likud. Both saw the invasion of Iraq as the prelude to an assault on
neighboring Iran.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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In passing it’s interesting to see some current names pop up
in Dreyfuss’s account of Cheney’s shadow government.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like Victoria Nuland, who was Cheney’s
national security adviser and was supposed to be Secretary of State in the
Hillary Clinton presidency.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Holy
horseshoes!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And Aaron Friedberg, who was
Dick Cheney’s director of policy planning, is currently a big noise on the
China hawk side of things today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Of Cheney’s two Asianists identified by Dreyfuss, Stephen
Yates (ex-NSA, fluent in Chinese because he did the Mormon missionary thing in
Taiwan) is out of government <a href="https://www.idahostatesman.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article123896534.html">and
runs a consulting service</a> coyly titled DCIA Advisory and is apparently
doing pro-Taiwan stuff interfacing with the Trump administration; and Samantha
Ravicher is a senior advisor to the Foundation for Defense of Democracies and
was <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-names-jewish-security-expert-to-senior-intelligence-post/">appointe</a>d
by Trump as Deputy Director of the Intelligence Advisory Board. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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I’d say that current US China war fixation is built in part on
Dick Cheney’s legacy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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What I think is interesting is how this history gets buried
in an effort to paint the Chinese leadership as paranoids when it comes to US
intentions, or that suspicion about US intentions is a cynical totalitarian
ploy to gin up an external threat to justify internal repression.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
B*llshit.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And you don't have to lean on James Fallows' casual take on Cheney's determination to strangle the Chinese pandadragon in its cradle a.k.a. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">My impression is that Chinese leaders know
this too</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Around about 2003, I remember reading in a highly
confidential Chinese publication—a CAAC in-flight magazine fer Chrissakes—about
PRC anxieties over the “Malacca dilemma”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That’s the fear that the Malacca Straits could serve as a choke point to
cut off Chinese energy imports.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This anxiety has informed billions of dollars of Chinese
strategic diplomacy and investments from the natural gas pipeline deal with
Russia, the crude and product pipelines from Burma to southwest China (avoiding
the Malacca Strait, naturally) and the first, quixotic iteration of the CPEC:
the idea of either pumping or raillifting Middle Eastern crude from Pakistan’s
Gwadar Port over the Himalayas to Xinjiang.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It is one of the great exercises in geopolitical hucksterism
abetted by the big media outlets that sold the US injecting itself into the South
China Sea disputes and conducting provocative Freedom of Navigation operations
(FONOPS) as driven by the desire to protect a vital global commons and US
allies from Chinese predation. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Here's my dismantling of Team China War's talking point: <a href="https://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2016/01/good-news-world-you-can-stop-worrying.html">Good News World! You Can Stop Worrying About the South China Sea</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The South China Sea is vital only as an essential waterway
for transport of Middle East energy to southern Chinese refineries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Full stop.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And the main impact of a conflict in the South China Sea
would be to discombobulate PRC seaborne energy imports, which is why the PRC is
keen to avoid a war in the SCS while the US Navy is keen to incite one.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As to how could a conflict get started?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I go there in this episode of China Watch, and
note the interesting and sinister parallels between a provocation packaged as a
US Navy FONOP adjacent to the South China Sea in 1964 and the current campaign
to make the SCS FONOPS more provocative and more likely to spark an incident.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The true story of the Gulf of Tonkin incident, only
declassified in 2010 (46 years after the fact!) provides some guidelines on US
intentions and tactics when the US Navy is tasked with inciting a war in Asia.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Here’s the link to the Youtube trailer for my China Watch
episode <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=129&v=rsrTHpEhi3A">5000
Ways to Die: America Tightens the Noose Around China’s Neck</a></i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can either navigate to newsbud.com to
subscribe and view the full episode and the entire China Watch archive, or you
can go into the Youtube page description and find a link to rent the current
episode on Vimeo.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com88tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-77494311261430383612019-01-15T22:20:00.000-08:002019-01-15T22:27:48.294-08:00October 2018 Taiwan Mainland Affairs Council Public Opinion Polling on Cross Strait RelationsThis polling was completed in the second half of October 2018, before the DPP got waxed in the local elections, and also before the reboot of Tsai Ing-wen's cross strait policy at New Years'.<br />
<br />
First up: an area graph showing popular attitudes towards unification, independence, or maintaining the status quo.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpLVxXTqKGNHznf3ommR7CbJ6W4r_7wtV9JvNILDmeGL8fEWE7H0QCkNZ9FlG7pqoNJ9voxlenataW8_RlB3lLrh6_mSCgwIzb9mDHlbiKyeKbSS9BZSoA7ig0UkRAXjZiiApdMg/s1600/area+chart.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="265" data-original-width="735" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpLVxXTqKGNHznf3ommR7CbJ6W4r_7wtV9JvNILDmeGL8fEWE7H0QCkNZ9FlG7pqoNJ9voxlenataW8_RlB3lLrh6_mSCgwIzb9mDHlbiKyeKbSS9BZSoA7ig0UkRAXjZiiApdMg/s640/area+chart.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Popular attitudes on reunification, independence, or maintaining the status quo, area graph</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnP7LB1GE4EJjNrpQsNvAaRRCTjOY-c8BX72aBF3piZo7FVvgGhqUxEvtddhX04NiHhTGYN4m42_9a3pmXcC2aJhHMy8xDM8cyBCMeCPnFsQFxuhOy4TCbnz0QFE_9f96SJBpl4w/s1600/maintain+status.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<br />
Starting from the bottom:<br />
<br />
Maintain status quo in perpetuity (navy blue): 22.3%<br />
Maintain status quo, then see whether to go reunfication or independence (robin's egg blue): 31.1%<br />
Maintain status quo, then go for reunification (yellow): 16%<br />
Maintain status quo, then go for independence (purple): 14%<br />
Immediate independence (green): 8.6%<br />
Immediate reunification (red): 3.1%<br />
Don't know (grey): 4.8%<br />
<br />
All in all, 83.4% for the status quo in one form or another. <br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
Here's the historical trend line graph for that data with the same color key. At the end of the graph, one can see the uptick in the "maintain status quo, then go for reunification" (yellow line) response, exceeding for the first time the "maintain status quo, then go for independence" (purple).<br />
<br />
I'm guessing this bewildering spike in enthusiasm for reunification provided the impetus for <a href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201901/02/WS5c2c1ad2a310d91214052069.html">Xi Jinping's speech pushing reunification</a> that Team China War rather desperately spun as the "OMG HE'S PREPARING TO INVADE" moment.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8GI2KrFvlj8zNizMp0gj7x1U2GvqW0RwiZxnmYa_bXzNzLLEgJC_B7CFFAU8JQd0OcXmzk8kyd03yBANZ8r1GS4MOhew8YDej6-Ngh5WGhVj0BRZzM7PEhrf03VdM3r5bVNHXIQ/s1600/status+quo+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="265" data-original-width="735" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8GI2KrFvlj8zNizMp0gj7x1U2GvqW0RwiZxnmYa_bXzNzLLEgJC_B7CFFAU8JQd0OcXmzk8kyd03yBANZ8r1GS4MOhew8YDej6-Ngh5WGhVj0BRZzM7PEhrf03VdM3r5bVNHXIQ/s640/status+quo+2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Popular attitudes on reunification, independence, or maintaining the status quo, line graph</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
As for Tsai Ing-wen's protestations that she represents "the status quo",here's the most dramatic shift in the polling over the last couple years: the respondents who think the pace of cross strait relations is too slow has doubled to a plurality of all respondents (the green line): 39.7%<br />
<br />
Too slow (green line): 39.7%<br />
Just right (red line): 30%<br />
Too fast: 10%<br />
No opinion: 17.2%<br />
<br />
I take this as a repudiation of Tsai's spin that refusing to endorse the 1992 consensus (and thereby putting relations with the PRC in the deep freeze while tiptoeing toward independence) was the right way forward for Taiwan. <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihpNQamcnFItb3FkOjtgERPefjKCJXSCTcniQhyBXBpki1PK5g721TXHtVaj29CRPUNv2-xLHs7R4W080eQq9Di4epXldTgLah6jieCdmNLCsnOqKIm5dXppz9jiH4Ri2yI66O5A/s1600/speed.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="265" data-original-width="735" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihpNQamcnFItb3FkOjtgERPefjKCJXSCTcniQhyBXBpki1PK5g721TXHtVaj29CRPUNv2-xLHs7R4W080eQq9Di4epXldTgLah6jieCdmNLCsnOqKIm5dXppz9jiH4Ri2yI66O5A/s640/speed.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Attitudes toward speed of exchanges across the straits</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
Finally, does the PRC hate the people of Taiwan, or just the government? 63% believe the PRC doesn't like the government (blue line), 40% (red line) think the PRC doesn't like the people either.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3OGUV_2NMRf2R5E6Z0ZFgv5AJ7PHa02nOSpv4zk6TN_xqS4_LcboF3i5bnbL8WPGU3RQdyDAHPVzVkmqrL31r-5xUkCfcYfOBbVzWIG_ZaYyGLCdB9R-YwmvSAAMwPbfEZko2vA/s1600/unfriendly.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="265" data-original-width="742" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3OGUV_2NMRf2R5E6Z0ZFgv5AJ7PHa02nOSpv4zk6TN_xqS4_LcboF3i5bnbL8WPGU3RQdyDAHPVzVkmqrL31r-5xUkCfcYfOBbVzWIG_ZaYyGLCdB9R-YwmvSAAMwPbfEZko2vA/s640/unfriendly.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Perception that the government on the mainland is unfriendly toward us</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
It can be seen that the "hate the people" line is pretty steady while the "hate the government" line has not unsurprisingly spiked during the Tsai administration.<br />
<br />
With all the usual caveats about polling, this is the picture of a risk-averse electorate and the government is going to have a hard time moving the needle toward independence.<br />
<br />
The CCP's best move, on the other hand, is not to overplay its hand (especially by playing footsie with the KMT) and let domestic politics play out to Tsai's disadvantage. <br />
<br />
Combine the dispiriting polling on cross-strait relations with Tsai's less-than-thrilling approval numbers, and Tsai emerging from the 2020 presidential campaign without a mandate (or even losing to the KMT candidate) is a possibility.<br />
<br />
That's not going to make Team China War very happy, since the Pentagon is thirsting to serve as the shield for the vigorous island democracy battling for de jure independence, not standing idly by as the Taiwan electorate muddles through its options for appeasement.<br />
<br />
For anxious hawks, the remedy is clearly Escalation! and trying to sell the story that Taiwan's existential threat is from a Chinese invasion and subversion, not from the CCP using its economic weight to abet Taiwan's Finlandization.<br />
<br />
That's why you get special pleadings like the <a href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2019/01/09/2003707590">Open letter to democratic Taiwan</a> which landed in Tsai Ing-wen's inbox as she worked to reboot her administration after the November elections:<br />
<br />
<i>Taiwan is at a crossroads as never before. It is under an existential
threat by the People’s Republic of China. While we respect the reality
that Taiwan, like all democratic polities, has a range of domestic
issues that must be resolved, that democratic process should proceed in a
manner that does not detract from the overall national unity in the
face of the larger threat to Taiwan’s existence as a free and democratic
nation.</i><br />
<br />
Taiwan under threat! is the keystone of Randy Schriver's narrative for China containment. But as of November, the numbers didn't show it. If Tsai can't move those numbers on her own, what's the Pentagon gonna do?<br />
<br />
<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com179tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-22696793120473380442018-12-26T20:17:00.004-08:002018-12-26T20:21:14.595-08:00Debunking the China Debt Trap Myth, Sri Lanka/Hambantota Edition<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>[I've come to the opinion that a not insignificant chunk of China coverage that currently pops up in the Western media is an info op curated by China hawks in order to promote and exploit further polarization between the US bloc and the People's Republic of China. And some of the info ops, including the articles in the big media outlets, don't hold up under close examination.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>I extracted this post from the script of a China Watch show I did a year ago. The "Hambantota debt trap" myth has served as the foundation for a year's worth of "Belt and Road" threatmongering for projects in Pakistan, Zambia, Maldives, and even Ecuador. The data concerning Sri Lanka's debt trap--and who set the trap--makes for interesting and enlightening reading. The China Watch episode of December 17, 2017 <a href="https://www.newsbud.com/2017/12/13/donald-trumps-china-hawk-clown-college-now-in-session/">Donald Trump's China Hawk Clown College Now in Session</a>, can be viewed by newsbud subscribers or <a href="https://vimeo.com/ondemand/131956">rented via Vimeo</a>. CH 12-26-2018]</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hambantota
is a Sinhalese expression meaning “flapdoodle peddled by China hawks and
distributed by credulous anti-PRC journos”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The flapdoodle in question is the assertion that the Hambantota Port is
a scheme to create a debt trap against the island nation of Sri Lanka.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.myrepublica.com/news/13670/'">China’s
Debt Trap</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The case is
asserted that the PRC funds costly Belt and Road infrastructure projects the
recipient can’t afford, then takes them over as strategic assets when loan
repayments can’t be met.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Case in point:
Sri Lanka, which is crushed by crippling forthcoming loan repayment obligations
equivalent to 95% of its annual revenues.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/business-40044113">Sri
Lanka: A country trapped in debt</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Stories in
the Western press on Sri Lanka’s debt crisis are usually illustrated by the Hambantota
Port project on the south coast of Sri Lanka.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Sri Lankan government just finalized an agreement to lease the port,
a notorious white elephant, to the PRC on a 99 year agreement.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It looks
like there is indeed a conspiracy here: a conspiracy by the ex-president of Sri
Lanka, Mahinda Rajapaksa, to build an impregnable economic, patronage, and
political base in his rural home province on the remote southern coast of Sri
Lanka.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rajapaksa borrowed money from the
PRC to build a world class port, a world class international airport, a world
class cricket stadium, and world class highways linking the prosperous north to
impoverished Hambantota.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Didn’t
work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All of these magnificent
facilities are unused and generating virtually no cash flow to pay back the
loans to the PRC.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Rajapaksa
was strongly pro-PRC thanks to the unstinting diplomatic and material support
the PRC provided him during his war of annihilation against the Tamil
insurgency.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a detail neglected by
fans of the world’s biggest democracy and current US Indo-Pacific bestie India--but rather important to our story--the
Hindu Tamil insurgency was originally supported by India, trained by India’s
Research and Analysis Wing, and, in a classic case of blowback, ended up
assassinating Indian president Rajiv Gandhi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">When
Rajapaksa needed help to crush the insurgency, he turned to the PRC, not India,
and when Rajapaksa wanted to build his follies at Hambantota, Hu Jintao—not
fearsome BRI overlord Xi Jinping—was there to help.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">However, Rajapaksa
lost his bid for re-election in 2015 partly as a result of alleged Indian
finagling, and the new government had no interest in trying to make Rajaipaksa’s
hometown boondoggle turn the corner.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The whole “Hambantota
debt trap” story plays out in an interesting way.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sri Lanka
faces a massive debt repayment burden of almost $4 billion dollars in the
coming year; but the Hambantota port and airport account for less than $200
million of that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s just 5% of the
total.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Most of that
obligation is now gone because the PRC took over 80% of the port in a debt for
equity swap.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And under the terms of the
lease, the PRC has to make a payment of $292 million dollars immediately out of
total lease payments of $1.2 billion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/H-tota-port-officially-handed-over-to-China-receives-mn-141896.html">H’tota
port officially handed over to China, receives $292 million</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">That means
that the Hambantota deal has freed up about $450 million dollars in cash for debt
service next year. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pretty sweet.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Hambantota deal was apparently a factor in
the IMF’s decision to free up another quarter billion dollar tranche of loans on
December 7 to help Sri Lanka with its balance of payments problem.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">All in all,
the Hambantota boondoggle is turning into something of a net positive for Sri
Lanka.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And, if you look beyond the teeth
gnashing by China hawks, the PRC’s move is a reassuring indication to BRI
partners that the PRC will step up for refis and work outs of really crap
projects.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In addition,
India put in a bid for $300 million to operate the white elephant Rajapaksa
Airport next to the port.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Vital counter
chess move to deny air terminal facilities to a potential PRC naval base?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or the price tag for staying in the political
game in Sri Lanka by providing the government with another $300 million dollar
windfall?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The other
interesting number is this: Sri Lanka’s sovereign external debt is $50
billion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only $8 billion of that, about
16%, is held by the PRC.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sri Lanka’s
big debt repayment headache is not the Chinese.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It’s that the Sri Lankan government sold somewhere between one to two
billion dollars of sovereign debt almost every year at near junk interest rates
for rebuilding and social peace, well, social buy offs, after the catastrophic
civil war with the Tamils.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There was
some economic growth going on but not enough to service those loans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They’re starting to mature and guess
what?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those government bonds are held by
international investors and, unlike the PRC government, those international
investors aren’t interested in delay, rescheduling, renegotiating, or conversion.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.economynext.com/Sri_Lanka_foreign_debt_repayments_spikes_to_US$3.9bn_in_2019-3-7177.html">Sri
Lankan foreign debt repayments spikes to US $3.9 billion in 2019</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">So Sri
Lanka’s in the arms of the IMF for bridge financing—linked, of course, to
demands for domestic revenue and financial reforms—so it can go back to the
international lending well again to roll over the debt it still can’t pay.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Who created
the debt trap for Sri Lanka?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The usual
suspects: money center banks like Citigroup, Deutsche Bank , HSBC and Standard
Chartered and fund managers primarily in the US and Europe.</span></div>
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com188tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-43456364469862208472018-12-23T19:44:00.002-08:002023-12-19T17:13:44.074-08:00The Twelve Days of Christmas...and Elvis
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><i>How Elvis' Christmas Records Celebrate and Define American Music</i></span><br />
<br />
Elvis' Christmas recordings provide a remarkable and perhaps unique opportunity to explore his profound gospel, rhythm and blues, country, bluegrass, and polka! dirty ditties! roots, the evolution of the American recording industry and Elvis' career, and the postwar development of African-American music. For people interested in the revolution wrought in gospel music by Reverend Dorsey, race, appropriation, and how Elvis dealt with it, I particularly recommend Day 9: <i>Hearing the Light: Elvis & Black Gospel</i><br />
<br />
It's all here, folks, in a 12 Days of Elvis Christmas epic I originally put together in
2014, now with the Youtube videos recurated. Enjoy! And Happy Holidays!<br />
<br />
Elvis' triumphant synthesis of American music is even more remarkable when you consider that most of his greatest achievements were recorded before he turned 23.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Day One: <i>Santa Claus Is Back in Town</i></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One of the early pinnacles of Elvis’ achievement is, rather
surprisingly, the Christmas album he released in 1957.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is divided into secular and sacred sides.
On the second side, Elvis beautifully sings some religiously-tinged Christmas
songs and delivers magnificent and memorable renditions of “Peace in the Valley”
and other gospel standards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s clear
that Elvis loves his gospel, and his renditions are full of the power and
dignity that characterize these noblest of popular songs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The
pop/rock/R&B action is on the first side, and Elvis
gets right down to business with the opener, “Santa Claus Is Back in
Town”, a blues carol written by ace songwriters Leiber and Stoller in
the studio on a
dare in fifteen minutes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is capped by
the memorable couplet, sung in an ecstatic shout by Elvis:</div><div class="MsoNormal"> </div><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ae7CtryWCkc" width="578" youtube-src-id="Ae7CtryWCkc"></iframe></div><br /><br /><p></p><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hang up your pretty
stockings, turn off the light</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 9.75pt;">
Cause’ Santa Claus is comin’ down
your <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chimney</i> tonight!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 9.75pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
In their joint autobiography, <i>Hound Dog, </i>Leiber and Stoller <a href="http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/leiber_and_stoller_elvis_presley.shtml#sthash.JlPCWub2.dpuf">recalled</a>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="style1">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Colonel doesn't laugh
and the Colonel doesn't smile when we run down the song for Elvis. I know the
Colonel thinks it's too bluesy and too black, but just before he can say
anything, the King speaks out.</i></div>
<div class="style1">
<br /></div>
<div class="style1">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">'Now that's what I call a
goddamn great Christmas song!' he tells the Colonel, 'I told you these guys
would come through'. And with that, Elvis proceeds to sing the [expletive] out
of it. </i></div>
<div class="style1">
<br /></div>
<div class="style1">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">He does it in just a
couple of takes. …</i></div>
<div class="style1">
<br /></div>
<div class="style1">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">For me, 'Santa Claus Is
Back in Town' lives on as one of Elvis' great blues performances. It took him
back to his Beale Street roots, a place where he was always comfortable. </i></div>
<div class="style1">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elvis was all of 22 at the time.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I had the honor of communicating with Mike Stoller’s
management team (Jerry Leiber has passed on) and was assured that the innuendo
was completely intentional.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Given this context, it is rather remarkable that the lyric apparently
provoked no conspicuous ruckus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Maybe Irving Berlin had more than an inkling; he called for
a boycott of the album, ostensibly because Elvis took some vocal liberties
in his cover of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">White Christmas</i>,
which was sequenced right after Leiber & Stoller’s racy cut. Berlin’s objections did not stop the RCA from
selling a mind-boggling 3 million units of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Elvis’
Christmas Album</i> in its original release, making it that decade’s biggest
seller and a holiday soundtrack for generations of Americans (another 10
million sold as a budget-priced edition in the 1970s; indeed <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Elvis’ Christmas Album</i> is his
top-selling album, period, and No. 142 on Billboard’s all time list).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Sneaking Santa Claus double entendres into pop songs seems
to have been quite the vogue around this time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In 1950 Ella Fitzgerald sang about “fat and round” Santa Claus who “got
stuck in my chimney.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
About the same time, Sonny Boy Williamson II recorded "Santa
Claus Blues" for Chess Records.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Williamson’s double entendre of choice
involves “drawers”:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“Lookin all in my baby's dresser drawers.<br />
Tryin to find out,<br />
What did she bought me for Santa Claus.<br />
When I pulled out the bottom dresser drawer,<br />
The landlady got mad and called the law..”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In fact, in the R&B world in which Leiber and Stoller and
Elvis were steeped at the time, “Santa Claus” had been invoked as the good
thing, male principle division, since the pre-war era, as Gerry Bowler relates
in his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Santa Claus: A Biography</i>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Blues scholar Paul Oliver has a chapter on
Santa Claus in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Screening the Blues</i>
and quotes a melancholy lyric from the great Texas country bluesman Blind Lemon
Jefferson:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Just the day before Christmas let me bring you your present
tonight,<br />
I wanna be your Santa Clause even if my whiskers ain’t white.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So Santa is black <i>and</i> white.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Get used to it! Happy holidays, everybody.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Day Two: <i>The Passion of Elvis</i></span><br />
<br />
A listener expresses her approval of Elvis' canny alchemy of R&B, bluegrass, country, & gospel:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiHW4tJ8y4P8E4-A6TbexXpR6ChjmiLc251LNA5w1L3Fp8mf8PPfUYmnt8o6TuWYREkxhbEg5mwuirL5Kj7hbrrrUZW8EjOuQnEJyO6wgFPRMSrlM372Ck7JuWQdpzNxvsllnzdg/s1600/girl+at+elvis+concert+1957.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiHW4tJ8y4P8E4-A6TbexXpR6ChjmiLc251LNA5w1L3Fp8mf8PPfUYmnt8o6TuWYREkxhbEg5mwuirL5Kj7hbrrrUZW8EjOuQnEJyO6wgFPRMSrlM372Ck7JuWQdpzNxvsllnzdg/s1600/girl+at+elvis+concert+1957.jpg" width="524" /></a></div>
<br />
Found
this at a reddit photoshop battle (no credit, sorry). Says it was shot
in the audience at an Elvis Presley concert in 1957, the year he
recorded his Christmas album. What's with the ping pong
balls?<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<i> </i><span style="font-size: large;">Day Three: <i>The Dirty Xmas Ditty: Who Sang It
Better, Elvis or Ella? Or Jimmy Boyd!?!</i></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elvis, hands down.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elvis Presley and Ella Fitzgerald both did riffs on the
venerable Santa Claus/chimney double entendre described in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">First Day of Elvis</i> post above.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elvis’ rip-roaring performance of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Santa Claus Is Back in Town </i>is one of the highlights of his
catalogue.</div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ae7CtryWCkc" width="572" youtube-src-id="Ae7CtryWCkc"></iframe></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><br />
</div>
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</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ella Fitzgerald’s entry, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Santa
Claus Got Stuck In My Chimney</i>, well, not so much.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wGWAgoRbgrg" width="481" youtube-src-id="wGWAgoRbgrg"></iframe><br />
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In fact, Ella’s <i>Santa</i> dud is frequently invoked to illustrate
how she languished in artistic purgatory at Decca Records before she was rescued
by impresario Norman Granz in 1956.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Granz built the Verve record label around Fitzgerald and secured her
finances and artistic reputation with the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Songbook</i>
series of releases.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Granz also engaged in what might be characterized as d*ck
moves to extract Fitzgerald from her management and Decca contracts, so
traducing her Decca work is perhaps necessary to burnish his white knight credentials.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Actually, a lot of Fitzgerald’s work on Decca is great,
created under the supervision first under her mentor and bandleader, Chick
Webb, and then A&R executive Milt Gabler.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Gabler is impervious to efforts to paint him as Ella’s Mitch Miller.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Miller notoriously subjected Ol’ Blue Eyes—then Young Blue
Eyes and, in the eyes of Columbia Records, a problematic has-been—to a novelty
duet with Dagmar (a television personality in vogue in 1951), <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=maGuLEgyIZk"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mama Will Bark</i></a>, in which Sinatra
impersonates (perhaps the correct term is “indoginates”) a lustful canine. <br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Gabler’s artistic legacy is secure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before moving to Decca, he ran Commodore
Records, which released the “Song of the Century” according to Time Magazine,
Billie Holiday’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Strange Fruit,</i> when
Columbia was afraid to put it out.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Gabler started work with Fitzgerald during the 78/jukebox
era, when an individual release was a single song (well, an A side and a B side) and
it had to push the popular button on the first try.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gabler worked to ride the trends, and try to
score the novelty record that might knock it out of the park, sales-wise (Mitch
Miller was the king of novelty tunes; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mama
Will Bark</i> might have sunk without a trace and spurred Sinatra’s departure
from Columbia, but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I Saw Mummy Kissing
Santa Claus </i>sold 2.5 million copies in 1952-3).<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br />
<br />
Yeah, I know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
Columbia scored two gold records for this ditty, in the days when RIAA gold
records were literally made out of gold.<br />
<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/e7t8YTbQSQc" width="526" youtube-src-id="e7t8YTbQSQc"></iframe></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Keeping with the theme of Christmas lewdness, the whiff of
scandal also helped propel <i>I Saw Mummy Kissing Santa Claus</i> into the sales
stratosphere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Saw_Mommy_Kissing_Santa_Claus">Per Wikipedia</a>:<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Boyd's record was
condemned by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> when it was
released on the grounds that it mixed kissing with Christmas… Boyd was
photographed meeting with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Boston" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston">Archdiocese</a> to explain the
song. After the meeting, the ban was lifted.</i><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Gabler also paid attention to art & Ella, using
commercial efforts to “pay for all the good things we want to do.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ella
Sings Gershwin</i>, the first of Fitzgerald’s great American songbook triumphs,
was actually recorded as an EP for Decca in 1950, immediately before the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Santa Claus</i> date.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In 1954, just prior to Norman Granz’s successful effort to
wrest Fitzgerald’s recording contract from Decca (Decca could not complete its
soundtrack to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Benny Goodman Story</i>
biopic without obtaining releases from some Granz artists), Decca presented
Ella Fitzgerald with a plaque commemorating sales of 22 million units over her
career.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not too shabby.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
While celebrating the Granz era, which saw the rise of the
LP, massive prestige recording projects like the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Songbook</i> series, and Fitzgerald’s elevation to The First Lady of
Song, dumping on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Santa Claus Got Stuck in My
Chimney</i> has become something of a cottage industry.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I’ve seen references on the Intertoobs along the lines that
Decca was at first afraid to release it because of its salaciousness (I’ve seen
no confirmation of this) and that during Fitzgerald’s lifetime her lawyers
blocked its re-release (not sure how they could do this).<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Certainly, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Santa Claus</i>
didn’t re-emerge during her lifetime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Verve did put it on a Christmas release bizarrely titled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Yule Be Miserable</i> a few years back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was also repackaged into an omnibus Ella
Fitzgerald Christmas CD titled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ella
Wishes You a Swinging Christmas</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Since this CD includes the full <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ella
Fitzgerald Wishes You a Swinging Christmas</i>—her first Christmas album, and an
extremely successful release for Verve in 1960—some Internet commentators have
incorrectly inferred that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Santa Claus</i>
was cut in 1960 instead of 1950.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
passed this error on to readers of China Matters in the original edit of the <i>First Day of Elvis</i> segment, and take this opportunity to issue a correction and an apology!<br />
<br /></div>
As an example of 1) Ella Fitzgerald’s achievements during
the Decca era 2) her fondness for novelty songs and 3) transgressive subject
matter, here is a joyful performance of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">When
I Get Low I Get High</i> from 1936.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yes,
it means exactly what you think it means.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ev69AoBWaGw" width="560"></iframe>
</span><br />
<br />
Happy Holidays!<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Day Four: <i>The Elvis Presley Debt to Polka</i></span><br />
<br />
<br />
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On the adult side of the pop music spectrum, “Santa Claus”
can refer to the mindless male member…or the generous sugar daddy.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Elvis recorded a rollicking cover of “Just Because” at Sun
Records in 1954.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It includes the verses:</div>
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<br /></div>
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<i>You've caused me to spend all my money.<br />
You laughed and called me old Santa Claus.<br />
Well, I'm telling you,<br />
Baby, I'm through with you.<br />
Because, well well, just because.</i></div>
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<br /></div>
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And</div>
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<br /></div>
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<i>Well, well, well,<br />
There'll come a time when you'll be lonesome<br />
And there'll come a time when you'll be blue.<br />
Well, there'll come a time when old Santa<br />
He won't pay your bills for you.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YftIje7wP08" width="560"></iframe>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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Ample qualification, therefore, for an Elvis/Christmas
tie-in.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Just Because” is a country perennial that first surfaced in
the 1920s during the Hawaiian craze in pop music.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was first recorded by the “Nelstone
Hawaiians”, an Alabama combo led by Hubert Nelson & James Touchstone (hence
the portmanteau name), which was a pioneer in the use of the Hawaiian steel
guitar.<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lv5v9xafkHI" width="560"></iframe>
</div>
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In 1933, Leon’s Lone Star Cowboys, a seminal blues/western
swing group, took an uptempo crack at “Just Because”:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KuTvgLd_Dwo" width="560"></iframe>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Then the Shelton Brothers (who had been involved in the
founding of the Lone Star Cowboys and, depending on whose story you read, either
wrote the song or ripped it off), recorded their version in 1935.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Shelton Brothers were a big deal in
country music in the 1930s, recording 150 or so sides for Decca.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-47z3RQRQ1w" width="560"></iframe>
</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
America’s Polka King <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie_Yankovic">Frankie Yankovic</a> launched his lengthy career with a cover of "Just Because" in 1948
(“Who Stole the Kishka?”, one of his
last records, released in 2001, featured a cameo by the puckish, accordion-inclined, but unrelated
“Weird” Al Yankovic). Yankovic believed so strongly in
“Just Because” he offered to buy the first 10,000 copies himself to overcome
the resistance of Columbia Records to releasing it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His confidence was rewarded as “Just Because”
struck gold (actually platinum, selling over two million units).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pWTlhMCZG8c" width="560"></iframe>
</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elvis was, in his early years, serious about his music.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of the most striking photos of young
Elvis shows him riding “the train” (what we rode before airplanes, kids) back
to Memphis and listening again and again to the the acetates of his latest “records”
(oversized storage media) on his “portable turntable” (like an iPod but the
size of a small suitcase).</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx2LV0YIMP3aSXJBScnA7zHgOHUTwWl8VSrzpRud64xPJbKGvpWw-BSdXBcdswAkgqcZ8AC_SzvUgIR-cj9w48GpXSOIUkzZz7jnME4z9oYsnrYOGh24LOFplI1wjQf-JeDd-2Wg/s1600/1956_july_3_train_listening_to_acetate.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx2LV0YIMP3aSXJBScnA7zHgOHUTwWl8VSrzpRud64xPJbKGvpWw-BSdXBcdswAkgqcZ8AC_SzvUgIR-cj9w48GpXSOIUkzZz7jnME4z9oYsnrYOGh24LOFplI1wjQf-JeDd-2Wg/s1600/1956_july_3_train_listening_to_acetate.jpg" width="500" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
However, he was no obsessive musical archivist with a stack
of Bluebird and Decca 78s in his basement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Elvis showed up at Sun Records with <a href="http://www.guitarplayer.com/artists/1013/scotty-moores-royal-legacy/16077">little more than bits and pieces</a>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">You know, he sang a
bunch of the old songs, but he didn’t know much of them—maybe just a verse and
a chorus of each!</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When they got together at Sun, it was undoubtedly Scotty
Moore—a veteran of the local music circuit, and member of a country band, the
Starlight Wranglers, that was probably intimately familiar with the Shelton Brothers
repertoire—serving as de facto arranger, who helped Elvis put the pieces
together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This July, on the 60<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the first
Sun session, Peter Cooper<a href="http://www.tennessean.com/story/entertainment/music/2014/07/05/scotty-moore-elvis-guitar-changed-world/12201841/"> recreated the scene</a> in the pages of the <i>Tennessean</i>:</div>
<br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The evening began in self-conscious
discomfort as Presley stumbled through versions of pop and country songs.</i><br />
<br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Moore and Black were good enough
musicians to replicate famous recordings, but Presley was raw and green and
nervous.</i><br />
<br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Phillips wasn't interested in
replication. The room filled with frustration, with failure in sight. This
wasn't working. It was getting late, and early morning would mean hats and
tires to make, and a Crown Electric truck to drive. The men took a break, and
Presley started fooling around and banging on his guitar. If he was going to
blow his big audition, he might as well act like it was no big deal.</i><br />
<br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">That night, in staunchly segregated
Memphis, Presley started goofing on an old blues song, "That's All Right,
Mama," by Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup. Black jumped up and grabbed
his bass, and Moore started playing some speedy guitar fills.</i><br />
<br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">"Fast music was what I
liked," Moore wrote in his memoir, "Scotty & Elvis: Aboard the
Mystery Train." "For years I had been making up guitar licks for
uptempo music. ... It wasn't until Elvis was flailing away at his guitar that I
suddenly knew where those licks belonged."</i><br />
<br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Turns out, those licks belonged
everywhere. Phillips rushed to turn the microphones back on and captured the
sound of the world's shifting axis.</i><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
A few weeks later, with ”That’s All Right” a local sensation,
the trio took a crack at "Just Because".</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Even though Elvis’ version seems closest in style and spirit
to the Lone Star Cowboys’ take, I doubt anybody dug up that old chestnut.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I expect the Yankovic polka was in the air
when Elvis was a kid, and he was entranced with the clever lyric and the
melody.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Presley,
Moore, and bassist Bill Black then put their heads together in Sun's
recording studio and came up with an fresh, energetic reboot. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The alchemy that Elvis, Moore, and Black
achieved with a stripped-down band, an untrained amateur singer, and a tired
old retread of a country song that had most recently been fed through the Polka-matic
is quite remarkable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elvis gives a confident,
joyful performance (he was 19 at the time) and Scotty Moore generously
showcases Elvis’ vocal while at the same time driving the tune forward instrumentally
with a forceful guitar-picking style that made a virtue of the empty spaces
left by the small combo and inadvertently revolutionized popular music. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Sun didn’t release the cut, but the master followed Elvis to
RCA and was released on his first RCA LP.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Amazingly, 37 years after Elvis’ death, Scotty Moore is still
with us at the age of 83 (though he isn’t a much of a presence on his <a href="http://www.scottymoore.net/">website</a> &
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/ScottyMooreWebsite">facebook </a>pages and gave up personalizing guitars and other memorabilia a while
back).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The title of his autobiography, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">That’s All Right, Elvis</i>, while riffing
on one of the first revolutionary cuts at Sun, “That’s All Right”, refers to
Moore’s grace in forgiving Elvis for letting Colonel Parker’s management team
kick Moore to the curb and replace him with Hollywood studio talent after the
move to RCA. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The contribution of polka
to Elvis’ sound may be forgotten, but Scotty Moore’s is, thankfully,
remembered. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo
of Elvis Presley by Alfred Wertheimer. N.B. The Internet tells me the
illustration for the Nelstone's Hawaiians on the video clip is actually a
photograph of some other group.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Day Five:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i>Blue—woo-woo-woo Christmas</i></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I am glad to learn that Elvis Presley apparently shared my lack of enthusiasm for “Blue Christmas”, a New York jingle writer's <a href="http://home.earthlink.net/%7Edeankay/JayJohnsonBio.html">gambit</a> to cash in both on Irving Berlin's <i>White Christmas</i>
and white audiences' rising postwar interest in the blues. Earnest Tubb
had a hit with "Blue Christmas" in 1950, turning the mopey ballad into a
mainstay of country acts during the holiday season. So it isn't
surprising that the sheet music for "Blue Christmas" found its way into
the pile of possibilities for the 1957 <i>Elvis' Christmas Album</i> recording session.<br />
<br />
We can thank Millie Kirkham for the fact that "Blue Christmas" actually made it onto the album.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On December 16 of 2014, Millie Kirkham, who provided
the distinctive soprano backing for the track, passed away at the age of 91.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her <a href="http://www.nashvillescene.com/nashvillecream/archives/2014/12/15/elvis-presley-backup-singer-millie-kirkham-dead-at-91">obituary</a> noted:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>Singing as a sort of unofficial fifth member of The Jordanaires, Kirkham
didn't just lead the "whoo-ooh-oohs" on "Blue Christmas,"
her first session with Elvis in 1957 — she came up with the part. As the story
goes, The King originally didn't want to record the song, but had to, and
called on the singers to come up with something silly enough to keep RCA from
releasing it.</i><br />
<br />
<br />
<i>
</i><i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="more"></a>“I started going ‘Whoo-oo-oo-oo,’ "...[Elvis] motioned for me
to keep doing it, so I did it all the way through the whole song. When we were
through, we all laughed and said ‘That’s one record the record company will
never release.’ But they did. And if I got royalties, I’d be a rich old woman.”</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1R28teQNQcY" width="560"></iframe><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When he sang it during his 1968 comeback special, Elvis
called “Blue Christmas” his favorite Christmas song “of the ones he recorded." He was perhaps engaging in some sly mockery.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRIRFTMS9pVQThStn7msoF80lPTBKVMD4rp_xKV59xzg_hXdh1sSupxm5KX9IH_u5X3C5AXD3GCAROHz4hq9TvwBD75axVsno8D8sIQFfKhZqiXWo_SbVJZiZqjXDNFWE_Z1LrvA/s1600/58198631.jordmilel1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRIRFTMS9pVQThStn7msoF80lPTBKVMD4rp_xKV59xzg_hXdh1sSupxm5KX9IH_u5X3C5AXD3GCAROHz4hq9TvwBD75axVsno8D8sIQFfKhZqiXWo_SbVJZiZqjXDNFWE_Z1LrvA/s1600/58198631.jordmilel1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Wikipedia has something <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Christmas_%28song%29">more favorable to say</a> about the high level of musicianship that Kirkham and the Jordanaires brought
to their work with Elvis:</div>
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<i>Presley's version [of “Blue Christmas] is notable
musicologically as well as culturally in that the vocal group the Jordanaires
(especially in the soprano line, sung by Millie Kirkham), replace many <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_third" title="Major third">major</a>
and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_minor_third" title="Just minor third">just minor thirds</a> with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_third" title="Neutral third">neutral</a>
and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septimal_minor_third" title="Septimal minor third">septimal minor</a> thirds, respectively.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition to contributing to the overall
tone of the song, the resulting "blue notes" constitute a musical play
on words that provides an "inside joke" or "Easter egg" to
trained ears.</i></div>
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Well, if you say so.</div>
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The Jordanaires were a successful vocal quartet A.E. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ante Elvis)</i> with a recording contract, a
spot on the Grand Ole Opry, and a lot of backing work for country vocalists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They also had several gospel songs in their
performing repertoire, apparently a distinctive feature at the time.</div>
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After hearing them perform their version of “Peace In the
Valley” (much more about that on subsequent Days), Elvis, at that time still on
the financially-strapped Sun label, declared to them that, if he got a big
record company deal, he would use them as his backing group.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed, when he joined RCA, the Jordanaires,
after some minor hiccups, joined him.</div>
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The
Jordanaires became pillars of the Nashville music scene and a major
catalyst for its growth to prominence. The Jordanaires backed an
astounding 2,000 artists and are heard on records with cumulative sales
of 2.6 billion units. They also created the Nashville commercial jingle
segment and are commemorated in the biz for their important role in
setting up the
Nashville branch of the American Federation of Television and Radio
Artists/Screen Actors Guild union.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </div>
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The Jordanaires also developed an easy-to-use musical
notation, the now universally employed “Nashville Number System” or NNS, which
assisted musicians without formal musical training to identify & play chords
and was also present at the spawning of thousands of garage bands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here’s what “Blue Christmas” <a href="http://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/m/misc_christmas/blue_christmas_ver2_crd.htm">looks like</a> with
NNS notation.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">I
have a blue Christmas without you</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">I'll
be so blue just thinking about you</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>E7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">Decorations
of red, on a green Christmas tree</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">F#7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B7</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">won't
be the same dear, if you're not here with me.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B7</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">And
when those blue snow flakes start falling,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">that's
when those blue memories start calling,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bbdim7</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">you'll
be doing alright, with your Christmas of white,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">but
I'll have a blue blue Christmas.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B7</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">Ohh,
ohh, ohh Ahhh<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ahh ahh a ahh ohhhh</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">ohh,
ohh, ohh Ahhhhh Ahh ahh a ahh ohhhh</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bbdim7</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">You'll
be doing allright with your Christmas of white</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">but
I'll have a blue blue Christmas,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">E<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(022100)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">B7
(x21202)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">E7
(020100)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">A<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(x02220)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">F#7(242322)</span></div>
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And if you’re really, really hooked on "Blue Christmas" and NNS notation, and want to play the song yourself, here’s
a nice tutorial from Eric Blackmon.</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MQnkSlJBtd8" width="560"></iframe>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo of Elvis Presley with Millie Kirkham and the Jordanaires copyright James Roy http://www.pbase.com/jroy/image/58198631 </span> </div>
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</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Day Six: <i>Black Christmas</i></span><br />
<br />
<br />
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Ironically, I guess, the blackest song on Elvis’ Christmas
Album is “White Christmas”.</div>
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Elvis’ version doesn’t harken back to Bing Crosby’s iconic 1942
version.</div>
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Instead, he invokes the spirit of Clyde McPhatter, who cut a
doo-wop version of the song with the Drifters in 1954.</div>
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<br /></div>
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I daresay McPhatter is mostly remembered today by doowop,
R&B, and rock musicologists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he was
a major figure in the development of R&B, soul, and rock, and a major
artistic and commercial force in the music business, most notably with the
Drifters and as a solo act, in the 1950s.</div>
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<br /></div>
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McPhatter started out in gospel, and is credited with being
one of the first—and most successful—at transferring the emotional gospel
sensibility to secular pop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sam Cooke,
among many others, followed in his footsteps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So did Elvis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed,
Elvis’ long reach into gospel, both directly and via R&B, and appropriation
of its vocabulary of emotional transcendence is perhaps what made him the
transformative pop culture figure we know today, and not just another in a long
line of smooth-voiced entertainers.<br />
<br /></div>
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Elvis adored McPhatter’s singing, as Sam Phillips <a href="http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/a_broken_heart.shtml">recalled</a>:</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">'You remember Clyde McPhatter? Elvis
thought Clyde McPhatter had one of the greatest voices in the world. We were
going somewhere one time - down to the Louisiana Hayride or to Nashville - and
we were singing in the car. Well, Bill Black couldn't carry a tune in a bucket,
and Scotty was worse.</span></i><br />
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">So Elvis and I were the only good
singers in the car. But we were talking about Clyde McPhatter, and he said,
'You know, if I had a voice like that man, I'd never want for another thing.'</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
McPhatter deployed melisma and slipped on and off the beat
as he embarked on his emotional and musical journeys.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other words, he took liberties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
will admit I am not a fan of McPhatter’s
demented-castrato take on “White Christmas”, but it was very popular
with
record buyers, and with Elvis Presley. It not only rose to No. 2 on the
R&B chart in 1954 and reappeared on the chart the next two
years, it was the first Drifters record to crack the mainstream i.e.
white pop dominated Billboard 100 chart.</div>
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<br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ktAdddKQ-NY" width="563" youtube-src-id="ktAdddKQ-NY"></iframe></div><br />
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When Elvis mimicked the Drifters’ “White Christmas”, these
liberties attracted the baleful attention of the tune’s author, Irving Berlin.</div><div class="MsoNormal"> </div><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-XNXT4-SIK8" width="561" youtube-src-id="-XNXT4-SIK8"></iframe></div><br /> </div>
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Berlin had not taken public notice of the Drifters’ version,
but when the wildly popular Presley converted his beloved standard into a
doo-wop yodelfest, Berlin took umbrage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
addition to resenting the rise of the loosy-goosy rock and roll performer at
the expense of respect for the material and the Tin Pan Alley songsmith, Berlin
may have had additional reasons for his anger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His three-week old son had died on Christmas Day, and Berlin and his
wife visited the grave on every anniversary.</div>
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In any case, Jody Rosen, the author of a book on White
Christmas, <a href="http://www.npr.org/2000/12/25/1116021/white-christmas">told NPR</a>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Berlin couldn't stand Presley,
and Presley recorded a cover version of 'White Christmas' for his Christmas
album, which Berlin took as kind of sacrilege," Rosen says. "He
really thought it was degrading to his song. So he and members of his staff
launched a furious campaign to try and get radio stations to ban the Presley
record."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The campaign to get radio stations not to play the song didn’t
really get anywhere, though one DJ was reportedly fired.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Elvis commercial and artistic juggernaut
could not be sidetracked even by Irving Berlin, composer of “God Bless America”
and perhaps the most successful and prolific pop songsmith in American history.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So Elvis’ take on “White Christmas”, though bland and
unthreatening, is perhaps the most revolutionary cut on the album.<br />
<br />
<i>
</i><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Day Seven: <i>Elvis/Jesus</i></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>"Will Elvis take the place of Jesus, in a thousand
years?"<br />
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Jello Biafra</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Maybe he already
has.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTKeYAivnmZCnDU11TBsTghOItxd5jSbjKmuh0WtccbxOjgzg-OowfgjwP7bMGkaUMXIphudVVYjsT2sY7bAZ9B46JPzl_03DVqq-ySGdp7WZUIQlKIgzPhR3sNDiK_rz00TCXzw/s1600/ElvisJesus.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTKeYAivnmZCnDU11TBsTghOItxd5jSbjKmuh0WtccbxOjgzg-OowfgjwP7bMGkaUMXIphudVVYjsT2sY7bAZ9B46JPzl_03DVqq-ySGdp7WZUIQlKIgzPhR3sNDiK_rz00TCXzw/s1600/ElvisJesus.jpg" width="360" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Yes, it’s a thing, though tongue in cheek. I think.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jesus is spelled with five letters, ending in
S. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elvis is spelled with five letters, ending in
S.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A star appeared when Jesus was born. (Matthew
2:2) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elvis almost appeared in <i>A Star Is Born</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joseph wasn't Jesus' father. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elvis didn't think Vernon was his real dad.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jesus' parents took him to Memphis, Egypt (to
escape Herod). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">·</span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Elvis' parents took him to Memphis, Tennessee (to find work).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jesus said, "Don't store away gold or
silver, travel without money." </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elvis never carried any money on his person.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jesus is the Lord's shepherd. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">·</span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Elvis dated Cybill Shepherd. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Visit the web page of <a href="http://www.jesusandelvis.com/">The Velvet Elvis</a> homage artist (not "Elvis impersonator", please!) for more parallels and imagery.</span><br />
<br /></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Day Eight: <i>Elvis/Nixon</i></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
On December 21, 1970, on the cusp of Christmas, this
historic meeting took place:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt7E6OIsG-aw5zihjRV2iuIX2JM40Hia_lF4Jl-y-YDn0-5YES9B2RoZ9DOXPv8Zd_LcAZdFtIsluZhy0qTreGN2PybdXsAEbQqLWVNe5FJd4AJRv7BxT-5H8xvMMa7-Gyj-uMVQ/s1600/800px-Elvis-nixon.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="436" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt7E6OIsG-aw5zihjRV2iuIX2JM40Hia_lF4Jl-y-YDn0-5YES9B2RoZ9DOXPv8Zd_LcAZdFtIsluZhy0qTreGN2PybdXsAEbQqLWVNe5FJd4AJRv7BxT-5H8xvMMa7-Gyj-uMVQ/s1600/800px-Elvis-nixon.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This indelible image is the most requested photograph from
the U.S. National Archives.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In 1970, Elvis flew to Washington to request credentials as
"Federal Agent at Large" to help the government deal with the illegal
drug problem. Beatle envy--resentment that the drugged-out Fab Four had
eclipsed the King--has been cited as the underlying motivation. In any
case, Elvis, an avid police badge collector, sought out President Nixon because
the Bureau of Narcotics and Drugs had denied him the precious tin.<br />
<br />
A George Washington University <a href="http://www.gwu.edu/%7Ensarchiv/nsa/elvis/elnix.html">website</a>
documents the meeting and includes a PDF of Elvis' letter to Nixon setting up
the meeting. It states, in part:<br />
<br />
"I have done an in-depth study of drug abuse and Communist brainwashing
techniques and I am right in the middle of the whole thing..."<br />
<br />
The punch line is that Elvis was allegedly stoned at the meeting.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I guess we could recapitulate the Elvis/Jesus meme as
Elvis/Nixon:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
"Elvis" & "Nixon" both have five letters, two syllables, two
vowels, and one funky consonant each</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Both broke nationally in 1956</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Both had comebacks in 1968</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Both hated Communists and the Beatles</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Both abused licit psychoactive chemicals and both became
more than a little paranoid</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And so on…</div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Day Nine: <i>Hearing the Light: Elvis & Black Gospel</i></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
On his 1957 Christmas album, Elvis essays a gospel standard,
"<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Take My Hand, Precious Lord</span>".</div><div class="MsoNormal"> </div><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/d58bZ4kSPDs" width="489" youtube-src-id="d58bZ4kSPDs"></iframe></div><br /> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It is, to my ears, pretty but also pretty bland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that, unfortunately, is something of an
indictment of Elvis.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">TMHPL</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>is, without
too much exaggeration, the national anthem of American black gospel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was composed in 1937 by Thomas A. Dorsey, himself the
progenitor of 20<sup>th</sup> century black gospel.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It was Martin Luther King’s favorite song.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Literally his last words before he was shot
down on the balcony in Memphis were to musician Ben Branch: "Ben, make
sure you play "Take My Hand, Precious Lord" in the meeting tonight.
Play it real pretty."</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Mahalia Jackson, per King’s stated wish, sang “Take My Hand,
Precious Lord” at his funeral in Atlanta (the private service).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aretha Franklin sang it at Jackson’s funeral
in 1971.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Leontyne Price sang it at LBJ’s
funeral in 1973.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And so on.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The song is most closely identified with Mahalia Jackson,
who had performed it since the 1930s in her role as Thomas A. Dorsey’s chosen musical
emissary to the African-American religious community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her first known recording was on a Columbia
LP released in 1956.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Jackson keeps her fires well-banked in this version,
probably reflecting the careful direction of Dorsey, who developed some “slow
sentimental songs” like TMHPL for Jackson to use to reassure conservative
churchmen about the dignity and value of his gospel approach.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FMSWJxNlaww" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This Jackson version is, perhaps, more definitive:<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mwiRMJTDaBw" width="560"></iframe></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Rise of Gospel Blues:
The Music of Thomas Andrew Dorsey in the Urban Church </i>(Harris, Michael W., 1992
Oxford University Press, New York) links his music to the social and economic
revolution wrought by the emigration of impoverished African-Americans to
northern cities, especially Chicago, and the challenge they brought to “old-line”
African American urban churches and their “talented tenth” emphasis on European
music, seemly upper-class behavior, and the preacher’s dominance over the
emotional and religious content of the church service.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
TMHPL seems to have created a sensation in African-American
congregations with its direct emotional appeal for divine help.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To my unreligious ears, it seems to partake
of the same sort of emotional outcry directed by Catholics to the Virgin Mary
and by Buddhists to Kuan Yin for merciful intercession that belies the theology
of a stern and/or indifferent universe.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In 1973 Dorsey supervised a recording of the song by Marion
Williams.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This track includes Dorsey’s first-person
account of the terrible personal trial that inspired him to write the song and
also perhaps best illustrates the kind of vocal Dorsey valued: one that used “trills,
twists, and turns” both to excite the audience and elevate it to a religiously
exalted state of awareness.</div><div class="MsoNormal"> </div><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zlmCflPD2s8" width="477" youtube-src-id="zlmCflPD2s8"></iframe></div><br /> </div><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The proliferation of African-American churches with a “gospel
choir” headed by a female fire-eater, often trained in the school of Dorsey,
leading a call and response with the audience, completely changed American
perceptions of the character of black worship.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Aretha Franklin’s first record, recorded in 1956 when she
was 14--and a year before Elvis recorded his take--gives an idea of the kind of workout a gospel diva would bring to the
tune.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fgTnA9FseWw" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Compared to this incendiary performance, Elvis’ dutiful
version is pretty much a damp squib.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elvis’ love of gospel, including black gospel is
well-known.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
However, his perception of what was the best and most
suitable presentation of gospel was filtered through his love of the white
gospel quartets that dominated the southern scene when he was a boy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elvis, if I may say so, religiously attended
the monthly gospel musicales at the Ellis Auditorium in Memphis, a stone throw
from the Presley home. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The most conspicuous display of Elvis’ love for these quartets
is his elevation of the Jordanaires to the position of his backing group on
secular as well as religious recordings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As this <a href="http://vimeo.com/8601644">documentary</a>
demonstrates, Presley was besotted with all gospel quartets and, indeed, had
auditioned for membership in one the leading groups, the Blackwells.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The white quartets often included black gospel numbers in
their repertoire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, it appears
inclusion was often an act of appropriation, substituting the controlled,
disciplined presentation by a white quartet for the emotive desperation
frequently seen in black performance.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As black assertiveness became more political and social and
not just religious, white gospel seems to have become more defensive,
retreating to a “southern white gospel” affirmation of white social and moral
attitudes that, I suspect, always cohabited with the religious universalism
that the white quartets could assert so blandly in more secure times.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And Elvis, I’m afraid, turned to gospel to achieve the
feelings of control and unity he craved in his increasingly disordered life,
not the release and liberation he had witnessed in black churches. </div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Day Ten: <i>Death, Rebirth, and Elvis</i></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Alfred Wertheimer passed away in October of 2014.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wertheimer created a brilliant photographic record
of “Elvis at 21”, following Presley as he navigated the choppy waters of
celebrity in 1956.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Wertheimer’s most famous picture is “The Kiss”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7nqNvg-d-Rr6c6inrFe9Xzzwsct9yNKd46JWKNXQBryavlq8aMM9v4pr036f4E07_36zp9IcjnEiUUUqNZ625qpwUOZ5glz5E3qYvtLda8gc8V3qX6vALnRAmnbh0Z0C-CIDY5g/s1600/kiss.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7nqNvg-d-Rr6c6inrFe9Xzzwsct9yNKd46JWKNXQBryavlq8aMM9v4pr036f4E07_36zp9IcjnEiUUUqNZ625qpwUOZ5glz5E3qYvtLda8gc8V3qX6vALnRAmnbh0Z0C-CIDY5g/s1600/kiss.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2011/08/elvis-kiss-201108"><i>Vanity Fair</i></a> tracked down the woman involved in 2011,
just soon enough for Wertheimer to enjoy a final jolt of fame and prosperity
before he died.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Interestingly, <a href="http://www.elvisinfonet.com/spotlight_Alfred_Wertheimer_elvis1956.html">Wertheimer does not credit Presley’s narcissism</a> for the intimacy he allowed the photographer:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span class="style825">Elvis was unique in that he permitted
closeness, not six to eight feet away, which was standard, but right up close,
three to four feet away. He was so intensely involved with what he was doing:
it was as if he were laser focused; whether he was combing his hair or chatting
up the girls, he would be himself. </span></i></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Here’s another great but less-known Wertheimer
photograph:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elvis relaxing with his
musicians while recording "Hound Dog" and "Don't Be Cruel" at RCA’s 24<sup>th</sup> Street studios in New
York City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4tiBI83_v8qS61OUO_7CxGSGSFNzsA37GR0A_e89YzDW9wR9853KnUlcuLZA1Ck37okihEJBQbisSZiesYMN4cY3mfNMwoA3cJCPf1WznutTdyhoQ0Nka136E2fINRR-ugRrfUg/s1600/0042_05_ret.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4tiBI83_v8qS61OUO_7CxGSGSFNzsA37GR0A_e89YzDW9wR9853KnUlcuLZA1Ck37okihEJBQbisSZiesYMN4cY3mfNMwoA3cJCPf1WznutTdyhoQ0Nka136E2fINRR-ugRrfUg/s1600/0042_05_ret.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The background to this photo
is provided by Baruch College, which took over the building from RCA for its “Newman
Vertical Campus” and <a href="http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/library/alumni/online_exhibits/baruch_campus_exhibit/verticalcampus.html">contributed a historical essay</a>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal">
The seven floor stable next to the horse mart [in the
pre-automobile era, 24<sup>th</sup> Street was the equine center of the
universe just as New York City was the world capital of horsesh*t—ed.] became a
recording studio in 1955 when RCA-Victor Records moved their offices there from
Rockefeller Center. A few months later, a young, still relatively unknown
singer named Elvis Presley visited the studio and recorded some of his first
songs that would make him known worldwide. Alfred Wertheimer, a photographer
who followed Elvis described the last time that they had recorded in that
studio.</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">On July 2, 1956, a defining moment
in the history of rock and roll took place. Elvis recorded "Hound
Dog" and "Don't be Cruel," which were released by RCA as two
sides of one single. This was the only time both sides of a single reached
number one on the charts. The session at RCA Studio was also the last time
Elvis would record in New York. Of course, I wasn't aware of any of this when I
arrived at the building on 24th street between Lexington and 3rd Avenues. I did
sense that this recording session would provide with me[sic] a rare opportunity
to observe another stage in the evolution of my subject.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Located on the ground floor, the
main studio where Elvis recorded was a large room with a lot of acoustical
padding covering the walls. There were two small adjoining rooms, one of which
was reserved for the sound engineers. Instead of having to book orchestra
musicians for three-hour gigs, Elvis brought his own crew - Scotty Moore on
guitar, DJ Fontana on drums, Bill Black on bass, and four Jordanaires as
back-up. Shorty Long was hired as the piano player. Also present were Steve
Sholes from RCA and the always necessary Junior, Elvis's go-fer. The recording
session began early in the afternoon and lasted until dusk. (The Recording
Session: Studio One in <b>Elvis at 21</b>, San Rafael: Insight Editions, 2006)</span></i></div>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
Death and rebirth are the traditional preoccupation of the
winter solstice, and got rolled into the Christian celebration of Christmas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sun goes out; the son is born.<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elvis himself has enjoyed post-mortem vitality, and
dominated the Forbes list of top-earning dead celebrities until Michael Jackson,
onetime spouse of Presley’s daughter, exploded onto the scene in 2009.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today, Elvis is <a href="http://www.forbes.com/pictures/mfl45elikj/albert-einstein-7/">a solid No. 2</a>, his earnings eclipsed by Jackson but, at $40+ million dollars, but way ahead of
Albert Einstein (who earns a relatively paltry $11 million for his estate).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Day Eleven: <i>The Power and the Glory...Without the Joy</i></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elvis’ life transition from pure joy to pure bullsh*t was
pretty quick.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In 1956—the period so hauntingly documented in Alfred
Wertheimer’s photos—Elvis experienced music, fame, girls, and an intoxicating
awareness of his own achievement.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By 1958, Elvis was in the Army (where he apparently
commenced his lifelong romance with amphetamines and, eventually, other legally
prescribed pharmaceuticals); his adored mother, Gladys, had passed away; and
the stage was set for a decade of fame, financial security, growing emotional and
spiritual turmoil, and an infuriating harvest of crappy music and crappy movies
courtesy of Colonel Tom Parker.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A clear sign of where things were headed is Elvis’ historic
1956/57 TV appearances on the Milton Berle Show, the Steve Allen Show, and the
Ed Sullivan Show.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On June 5, 1956, Elvis appeared on the Milton Berle show in
full gyrating fig.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Elvis Australia
fan site has done a great job of <a href="http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/elvis_presleys_national_tv_appearances_in_the_1950s.shtml">locating and archiving</a> Elvis footage and you
can see Elvis’ performance of “Hound Dog”—which Elvis has clearly worked up as
a salacious crowd pleaser for his live performance (with a slowdown grinding
interval) even before he went into the studio to cut the track.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Elvis recorded the song in New York a
month later, he pushed his musicians through 31 takes, a sign of the high
expectations he held for his music at the time, and his respect for Leiber
& Stoller.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Berle is generous and good natured and the after-song patter
celebrates Elvis’ burgeoning status as a sex symbol, while coyly dances around
Berle’s legendary sex-machine prowess (google Jackie Gleason’s plea “Just
enough to win, Milton” to get the idea).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In an <a href="http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/interview_milton_berle.shtml">interview</a> that Berle did for the Archive of American Television, he recollects that he
got 400,000 “pan”-- “not fan”--letters after the appearance, a sign not only of
the powerful reaction that Elvis’ sexual display had on Americans, but also of
the central place broadcast TV occupied in the US psyche in the 1950s.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This was when the “sh*t got real” for Elvis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elvis
was reportedly driven to tears by the imputation that he was “vulgar”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In July Steve Allen imposed his vision of the
“new” housebroken Elvis, subjecting Elvis to the humiliation of dressing up in
a tuxedo and singing “Hound Dog” to a noticeably disinterested basset hound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When it came time for Elvis to collect $50,000 dollars of Ed
Sullivan’s money for three appearances in the fall of 1956 and early 1957, the
game got more complicated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sullivan, who
considered Elvis’ act insufficiently family friendly, rather counterintuitively
let Elvis do the full hound-doggin’ act on the October 28, 1956 show.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well, maybe not counterintuitively.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After Elvis’ performance elicited a spasm of
outrage—which apparently included burning him in effigy in two towns—and stoked
the publicity engine, Sullivan, ostentatiously exercising his responsibilities as
gatekeeper of American entertainment decency, ordered up some adjustments for
the final show, on January 6, 1957.<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
This was the notorious show in which Elvis was shot only
from the waist up in efforts to transform him into a pop-music eunuch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elvis’ sudden interest in world affairs and
Hungarian relief, I suspect, is a further piece of image-burnishing that
emerged from a summit between Sullivan and the Colonel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the end, Sullivan gives the condescending
showbiz “he’s a real decent fine boy” imprimatur, confirming, I guess, that
Presley was qualified to follow the same path to the non-threatening adult
entertainer pioneered by Crosby & Sinatra.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In this context, Elvis’ closing number, “Peace in the Valley”,
is quite interesting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Peace In the
Valley”, together with “Take My Hand, Precious Lord” (see Day 9) are the
two signature creations of Thomas A. Dorsey, the founding father of 20<sup>th</sup>
century black gospel.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I have my issues with Elvis’ take on “Take My Hand, Precious
Lord”, whose core identity as a desperate black call for religious support he
doesn’t quite seem to grasp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Peace In
the Valley” is much less problematic, a reassuring vision of sanctuary, safety,
and acceptance that had already been a huge hit for Red Foley, a talented and
sophisticated star who could be considered the Bing Crosby of country music.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elvis, backed by the Jordanaires, turns in a flawless
performance, delivered with a style of “Do my vocal demonstrations please you,
Earthlings?” detachment that became more and more pronounced in his later
years.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VaG2OlOlMI8" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />
The most convincing stories I’ve seen state that Elvis
insisted on closing with a gospel number over the objections of CBS.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I tend to think Elvis turned to gospel in
order to asset his identity, dignity, and self respect as a musician and
entertainer, maybe to his mom as well as to himself, and defy the “rock and
roll vulgarian”/”safe as milk popstar” pigeonholes that the music industry and
his manager had prepared for him.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elvis’ subsequently recorded a four song EP of gospel tunes
(“Peace In the Valley”, “It Is No Secret (What God Can Do)”, “I Believe” and “Take
My Hand, Precious Lord”), which became the core of the second, “religious” side
of the 1957 Christmas Album.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elvis was not an enthusiast for the Pentecostal theology his
parents practiced, and his own religious views became more and more
idiosyncratic—and more scandalous to close and critical observers in the
Christian world-- as he grew older.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elvis’ hairdresser and close confidante Larry Geller presented
this <a href="http://elvispresleybiography.net/elvis-presley-history2.htm">authentic-sounding account</a> of the King’s table talk:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="p14">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“I’ll tell ya, Larry, I’ve
always believed in God, but my church really turned me off,” Elvis said. “I
always knew there was a truth to my religion, and somehow I never lost faith in
God, despite those ol’ preachers tryin’ to make people feel guilty for things
they never done. I always knew that deep inside me there were answers that went
beyond their rigid old closed minds.”</i></div>
<div class="p14">
<br /></div>
<div class="p14">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“The first time I ever heard
about the Almighty I Am was from my mom when I was a little kid. She believed
in the supernatural and the Holy Spirit. She was mystical, man. She just
naturally knew things. She raised me on it.”</i></div>
<div class="p14">
<br /></div>
<div class="p14">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">When Elvis’ father, Vernon,
not a religious man, took his son to his first movie, the innocent “Abbott and
Costello Meet Frankenstein,” it was their secret, not to be shared with Gladys.
She would have disapproved very strongly of her son going against the
strictures of the church, which forbade attendance at motion pictures.
Considering Elvis’ later involvement with the movie industry, it’s interesting
to note that it was the discovery of this forbidden medium that was the first
fissure in his relationship with the church of his youth. He was at the
naturally rebellious age of thirteen, but he was also realizing for the first
time that the preachers were humans whose teachings were colored by their own
personal values and opinions. What was so bad about a funny movie? Was it
indeed evil—and was he evil for seeing it?</i></div>
<div class="p14">
<br /></div>
<div class="p14">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“They said movies were the
work of the devil. But after I saw “Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein” with
my daddy, I knew somebody had to be wrong. And it for sure wasn’t Abbott and
Costello.” Elvis’ eyes sparkled. “Man, I loved that movie. We laughed all the
way through it.”</i></div>
<div class="p14">
<br /></div>
<div class="p14">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">He turned serious again.
“I’ll never forget that movie. You know, there’s got to be something wrong with
a religion where everything you like is a sin. Man, that congregation would
jump up and down, stomp their feet, and get themselves worked up to a frenzy.
It really got wild. And there was the preacher threatening us with Satan. It
used to scare me half –to death. He would march across the platform, screaming
bloody murder, yelling about hellfire and damnation, fire and brimstone. I
guess he was afraid God wouldn’t hear him if he didn’t yell.</i></div>
<div class="p14">
<br /></div>
<div class="p14">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“But something good did come
out of it. All that dancin’ and the free movement, it taught me that God is
natural, and to move my body was natural. I give credit to my church for that.
You know, I took a lot of heat when my career first took off. They said I was
‘controversial.’ And there were some preachers who actually said that my music
was dirty, and I was leading the kids to hell. They even had a bonfire and
burned my records and albums. Can you imagine that? Hell, all I did was what
came naturally—what I learned when I was a little kid in church, movin’ my body
to the music.”</i></div>
<div class="p14">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Religious orthodoxy, aside, Elvis appears to have maintained
a core identity as a singer who understood, respected, & delivered genuine
gospel music, even as his mind and body were inexorably blown by the
unprecedented fame, temptation, weakness, and manipulation he experienced from the time
he exploded on the scene as a 21-year old. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Perhaps this sense of inner worth is what allowed him to
sleepwalk through his movie and musical career under the direction of the
artistically maladroit and venal Colonel Tom Parker; but it also allowed him to
return to the power and glory of his first year of fame when he felt he needed
it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br />
Elvis’ twin 1960s triumphs are his 1968 NBC comeback special
and the 1969 “Memphis Record” sessions.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The TV special was an embarrassing necessity; the steady
procession of dismal movies and soundtracks had eroded Elvis’ appeal to the
point that the Colonel needed to throw in a TV <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>program as a lagniappe in order to keep Elvis’
asking price from falling below the iconic $1 million/picture level.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The TV special was originally planned as a cheapie Christmas
schlockfest with Elvis singing a few carols.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We can thank producer/director Steve Binder for reimagining the program—which
aired on December 3, 1968-- as a triumphant return to Elvis’ musical
roots.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the end, the only Christmas
song performed was “Blue Christmas,” off the 1957 album.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though I have my reservations about the
original recording (Woo-oo-oo-oo-oo; see Day 5), Elvis nails it in this version.</div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WwdI-gbm5kE" width="560" youtube-src-id="WwdI-gbm5kE"></iframe></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
<br /><br /> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Day Twelve: <i>Peace In the Valley</i></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLK0F0iIkuKqX1sFMc7X5v4YeNh24sIEcZwrBoSs1jTEegivK2TyMHYzB-c3QwzZC4OMivTfO9DfJbcfy8-3Ol6kTdgSY2ZFbQTtwALYjsYUV7R_YGVxUsz2saBBbLzSwGlgCfSQ/s1600/Edward_Hicks_-_Peaceable_Kingdom.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLK0F0iIkuKqX1sFMc7X5v4YeNh24sIEcZwrBoSs1jTEegivK2TyMHYzB-c3QwzZC4OMivTfO9DfJbcfy8-3Ol6kTdgSY2ZFbQTtwALYjsYUV7R_YGVxUsz2saBBbLzSwGlgCfSQ/s1600/Edward_Hicks_-_Peaceable_Kingdom.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
To accompany Elvis' rendition of Reverend Thomas Dorsey's "Peace in the Valley" from his Christmas album, here is a supersized image of Edward Hicks' <i>The Peaceable Kingdom, </i>inspired by the same passage from the Book of Isaiah,<i> </i>for viewing, contemplation, reflection, and consolation (use your scroll bar!) during Elvis' magnificent performance. Hicks, an itinerant Quaker preacher in Pennsylvania, <a href="http://www.worcesterart.org/collection/American/1934.65.html">painted this blissful scene approximately one hundred times</a>.<br />
<br />
Happy Holidays, Everybody! Peace on Earth!<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/b98YFK5Oubo" width="560"></iframe>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com20tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-43091430066544455072018-12-19T11:53:00.003-08:002018-12-19T11:53:50.953-08:00Joseph Trento's Report on the Pivotal US Role in Creating Japan's Plutonium Stockpile<i>[In my opinion, Joseph Trento's investigative report on how Japan ended up not only with US plutonium technology but the legal license--denied to other nuclear power operators using US nuclear technology such as the Republic of Korea--to accumulate enormous quantities of plutonium is one of the most important and interesting pieces on the secret history of the United States in Asia, and the milsec community's aggressive behind-the scenes counter programming against the US government's foreign policy tilt toward China.</i><br />
<br />
<i>The piece also offers a handy rebuttal to the popular canard that Japan has no nuclear weapons ambitions or capabilities. </i><br />
<br />
<i>And, for the talking point that the plutonium Japan is accumulating is not "weapons grade", take it away <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapons-grade_nuclear_material">Wikipedia</a>!</i><br />
<br />
<b><i>Plutonium recovered from LWR [Light Water Reactor, the type <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK253931/">Japan & the U.S. use</a> for power generation] spent fuel, while not weapons grade, can be
used to produce nuclear weapons at all levels of sophistication,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapons-grade_nuclear_material#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> though in simple designs it may produce only a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizzle_(nuclear_test)" title="Fizzle (nuclear test)">fizzle</a> yield.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapons-grade_nuclear_material#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> Weapons made with reactor-grade plutonium would require special cooling to keep them in storage and ready for use.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapons-grade_nuclear_material#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> A 1962 test at the U.S. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site" title="Nevada National Security Site">Nevada National Security Site</a> (then known as the Nevada Proving Grounds) used non-weapons-grade plutonium produced in a Magnox reactor in the United Kingdom.</i></b><br />
<i> </i><br />
<i>In the case of countering China with a pro-US regional nuclear capability, Japan was the vehicle of choice. In my opinion, a similar dynamic has played out in high performance semiconductors, albeit with a different destination. The inside story of how and why the U.S. Department of Defense allowed crucial U.S. semiconductor manufacturing knowhow to migrate from the United States to an embattled anti-Communist bastion 100 miles from the PRC--the Republic of China on Taiwan--is, I suspect, revealing and fascinating.</i><br />
<br />
<i>I recently discovered that the DC Bureau--the news outfit that published Mr. Trento's piece--had gone the way of all Internet virtual flesh to become a lifestyle channel and the plutonium piece is no longer archived there.</i><br />
<br />
<i>Since the piece is so valuable and now so difficult to find, I am archiving it here as a public service. </i><br />
<i>--CH, 12/19/2018] </i> <br />
<br />
<br />
From DCBureau.org:<br />
<br />
“United States Circumvented Laws To Help Japan Accumulate Tons of Plutonium, By Joseph Trento, on April 9th, 2012, National Security News Service<br />
<br />
The United States deliberately allowed Japan access to the United
States’ most secret nuclear weapons facilities while it transferred tens
of billions of dollars worth of American tax paid research that has
allowed Japan to amass 70 tons of weapons grade plutonium since the
1980s, a National Security News Service investigation reveals. These
activities repeatedly violated U.S. laws regarding controls of sensitive
nuclear materials that could be diverted to weapons programs in Japan.
The NSNS investigation found that the United States has known about a
secret nuclear weapons program in Japan since the 1960s, according to
CIA reports.<br />
<br />
President Reagan and Vice President Bush<br />
<br />
The diversion of U.S. classified technology began during the Reagan
administration after it allowed a $10 billion reactor sale to China.
Japan protested that sensitive technology was being sold to a potential
nuclear adversary. The Reagan and George H.W. Bush administrations
permitted sensitive technology and nuclear materials to be transferred
to Japan despite laws and treaties preventing such transfers. Highly
sensitive technology on plutonium separation from the U.S. Department of
Energy’s Savannah River Site and Hanford nuclear weapons complex, as
well as tens of billions of dollars worth of breeder reactor research
was turned over to Japan with almost no safeguards against
proliferation. Japanese scientist and technicians were given access to
both Hanford and Savannah River as part of the transfer process.<br />
<br />
While Japan has refrained from deploying nuclear weapons and remains
under an umbrella of U.S. nuclear protection, NSNS has learned that the
country has used its electrical utility companies as a cover to allow
the country to amass enough nuclear weapons materials to build a nuclear
arsenal larger than China, India and Pakistan combined.<br />
<br />
This deliberate proliferation by the United States fuels arguments by
countries like Iran that the original nuclear powers engage in
proliferation despite treaty and internal legal obligations. Russia,
France, Great Britain as well as the United States created civilian
nuclear power industries around the world from their weapons complexes
that amount to government-owned or subsidized industries. Israel, like
Japan, has been a major beneficiary and, like Japan, has had nuclear
weapons capabilities since the 1960s.<br />
<br />
<br />
A year ago a natural disaster combined with a man-made tragedy
decimated Northern Japan and came close to making Tokyo, a city of 30
million people, uninhabitable. Nuclear tragedies plague Japan’s modern
history. It is the only nation in the world attacked with nuclear
weapons. In March 2011, after a tsunami swept on shore, hydrogen
explosions and the subsequent meltdowns of three reactors at the
Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant spewed radiation across the region. Like
the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan will face the
aftermath for generations. A twelve-mile area around the site is
considered uninhabitable. It is a national sacrifice zone.<br />
<br />
How Japan ended up in this nuclear nightmare is a subject the
National Security News Service has been investigating since 1991. We
learned that Japan had a dual use nuclear program. The public program
was to develop and provide unlimited energy for the country. But there
was also a secret component, an undeclared nuclear weapons program that
would allow Japan to amass enough nuclear material and technology to
become a major nuclear power on short notice.<br />
<br />
That secret effort was hidden in a nuclear power program that by
March 11, 2011– the day the earthquake and tsunami overwhelmed the
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant – had amassed 70 metric tons of
plutonium. Like its use of civilian nuclear power to hide a secret bomb
program, Japan used peaceful space exploration as a cover for developing
sophisticated nuclear weapons delivery systems.<br />
Political leaders in Japan understood that the only way the Japanese
people could be convinced to allow nuclear power into their lives was if
a long line of governments and industry hid any military application.
For that reason, a succession of Japanese governments colluded on a bomb
program disguised as innocent energy and civil space programs. The
irony, of course, is that Japan had gone to war in 1941 to secure its
energy future only to become the sole nation attacked with nuclear
weapons.<br />
Energy has always been Japan’s Achilles’ heel. Her need for oil in
the face of an American embargo triggered Japan’s attack on Pearl
Harbor, and the continued shortage was a recurring theme in her defeat
in that war. Only one act could take more credit for Japan’s humiliation
– the splitting of the atom that gave birth to the nuclear bomb. Now
Japan would turn that same atom to its own purposes — to ensure a stable
source of energy well into the next century and, equally important, to
ensure that the homeland never again suffered the indignity of defeat.<br />
<br />
Japan approached the nuclear problem the same way it tackled the
electronics and automobile industries. A core group of companies were
each given key tasks with long-term profit potential. Then the
government nurtured these companies with whatever financial,
technological and regulatory support needed to assure their success. The
strategy worked brilliantly to bring Japan from post-war oblivion to
economic dominance in a single generation.<br />
<br />
The five companies designated for the development of nuclear
technologies had to make major strides beyond the conventional light
water reactors that had become fixtures in Japan under U.S. President
Dwight Eisenhower’s Atoms for Peace program in the 1950s. Japan would
have to do what the Americans and Europeans had failed to do – make an
experimental breeder program a commercial success. Their hubris
convinced them that they could. The Japanese, after all, were the
masters of the industrial process. They had turned out automobiles,
televisions and microchips superior to the Americans, with better
quality and at less cost. Nuclear accidents are almost always the result
of human error: sloppy operators without the proper education or
training or who did not install enough redundancies. Such things happen
to Americans and Russians, but not to Japanese.<br />
As China, North Korea, India and Pakistan developed nuclear weapon
systems, Japan and her Western allies strengthened their alliances to
counter the burgeoning threat. From a secret meeting between U.S.
President Lyndon Johnson and Japanese Prime Minister Eisaku Sato in the
1960s and the participation of several subsequent American and Japanese
leaders, the secret transfer of nuclear technology was part of an
international strategy to fortify Japan against an ever-escalating East
Asian arms race. This policy culminated during the Reagan administration
in legislation that dramatically changed U.S. policy. The United States
ceded virtually all control of U.S.-origin nuclear materials shipped to
Japan.<br />
<br />
To the detriment of the world and her people, the Japanese government
exploited the Japanese public’s well-known abhorrence of nuclear
weapons to discourage the media and historians from delving into its
nuclear weapons activities. Consequently, until the March 2011 tragedy,
the Japanese nuclear industry had largely remained hidden from critical
eyes. The less than thorough International Atomic Energy Agency, the
world’s proliferation safeguard agency, also turned a blind eye.<br />
<br />
In a rare glimpse of a Japanese industry that has remained top secret
for so many decades, our investigation raises serious concerns about
Japanese and Western nuclear policies and the officials who shaped those
policies during and after the Cold War. International corporations and
officials sacrificed the safety and security of the public to carry out
the deception. Under the guise of a peaceful nuclear power program, they
made huge profits.<br />
<br />
F-Go: The First Japanese Nuclear Weapons Program<br />
<br />
<br />
In the early 1940s, with the world locked in the bloodiest
conflict in human history, scientists in Germany, Great Britain, the
United States and Japan struggled to unlock from the atom a weapon of
almost inconceivable power. This race to turn theory into devastating
reality formed a secret subtext to the war that destroyed millions of
lives using industrial warfare. In the area of theoretical physics,
Japan was as advanced as her European and American rivals. She lacked
only the raw materials and the sheer industrial excess to turn those
materials into an atomic bomb. But Japan’s war machine was nothing if
not resourceful.<br />
<br />
Since 1940, the Japanese had been aggressively researching the
science of the nuclear chain reaction. Dr. Yoshio Nishina had been
nominated for the Nobel Prize for his pre-war work in nuclear physics.
Now he and a team of young scientists worked tirelessly at the Riken,
the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, to beat the Americans
to the bomb. After two years of preliminary research, the atom bomb
program called F-Go began in Kyoto in 1942. By 1943, Japan’s Manhattan
Project had not only produced a cyclotron that could separate bomb-grade
uranium, but also had developed a team of nuclear scientists with the
knowledge to unleash the atom’s unknown power. As America built a
uranium enrichment plant in the Washington desert so enormous it drew
every watt of electricity from the Grand Coulee Dam, the Japanese
scoured their empire for enough raw uranium to make their own bomb, with
only limited success.<br />
<br />
Japan looked to Nazi Germany for help. The Nazis, too, had been
pursuing the nuclear bomb. But, by early 1945, the Allies were on the
Rhine and the Russians had taken Prussia. In a last-ditch effort, Hitler
dispatched a U-boat to Japan loaded with 1,200 pounds of uranium. The
submarine never arrived. American warships captured it in May 1945. Two
Japanese officers on board the submarine committed suicide and the
shipment of uranium was diverted to Oak Ridge, Tennessee, for use in the
American Manhattan Project. Without the uranium, Japan could not
produce more than one or two small atomic bombs.<br />
<br />
As the bomb programs in both countries neared completion in 1944,
General Douglas MacArthur’s island-hopping campaign drew closer to
Japan’s home islands. Fleets of B-29 bombers rained fire on Tokyo and
other major cities. Nishina had to move his effort to the tiny hamlet of
Hungman in what is now North Korea. The move cost the Japanese program
three months.<br />
<br />
On August 6, 1945, the Enola Gay dropped a single atomic bomb over
Hiroshima. The blast killed more than 70,000 people outright, and in the
days and weeks to come thousands more succumbed.<br />
When word of the blast reached Nishina, he knew immediately that the
Americans had beaten him to the prize. But he also had implicit
confirmation that his own atomic bomb could work. Nishina and his team
worked tirelessly to ready their own test. Historians such as Robert
Wilcox and Atlanta Journal Constitution writer David Snell believe that
they succeeded. Wilcox writes that on August 12, 1945 – three days after
the Nagasaki bombing and three days before Japan signed the articles of
surrender – Japan tested a partially successful bomb in Hungnam. By
then the effort was merely symbolic. Japan lacked the means to produce
more weapons or to deliver them accurately to the United States.<br />
<br />
As Japan rebuilt after the war, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki came to represent the folly of Japan’s imperial aspirations as
well as American inhumanity toward the Japanese. The Japanese people
held nuclear weapons in abhorrence. Japan’s leaders shared that view,
but, having been on the receiving end of nuclear warfare, also developed
a special appreciation for the bomb’s strategic value.<br />
<br />
As the war ended, thousands of American troops occupied Japan. After
the nuclear attacks on Japan, the United States feared that the desire
and ability to create this power would spread throughout the world.
Washington learned that Japan had been much closer to its own nuclear
bomb than previously thought. Destroying Japan’s nuclear-weapons
capability became a high priority. In addition to negotiating
international non-proliferation agreements, U.S. occupation troops
destroyed several cyclotrons and other vestiges of Japan’s atomic bomb
project to prevent Japan from resuming its nuclear program. Though the
troops could demolish the physical remnants of the F-Go project, they
could not destroy the enormous body of knowledge Nishina and his team
had accumulated during the war.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Beginning the Japan’s Nuclear Program<br />
<br />
In the years to come the men behind F-Go would become the leaders of
Japan’s nuclear power program. Their first priority was to stockpile
enough uranium to ensure that nuclear research could continue in Japan.<br />
<br />
The war and the atomic blasts that ended it left a strong and enduring
impression on the Japanese people. They abhorred the destruction of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki. But the Japanese leadership recognized that in
nuclear power there was an alternative to foreign energy dependence, a
dependence that had hindered Japan since her entry into the industrial
era.<br />
<br />
With the surrender of Japan, the United States became the preeminent
power in the Pacific. But that position was challenged in 1949 with the
communist victory in China and successful nuclear tests by the Soviet
Union. The communists were challenging America in the Pacific, and Japan
suddenly shifted from vanquished adversary to valuable ally.<br />
<br />
The United States was completely unprepared when North Korean troops
swarmed south in 1952. Soon poorly armed, under-trained American Marines
were surrounded in Pusan with their backs to the sea. For the first of
many times during the Korean War, the American military commander, Gen.
Douglass MacArthur, lobbied President Truman to use nuclear weapons.<br />
<br />
Those weapons were stored on the Japanese island of Okinawa. While
American troops faced annihilation in Pusan, American B-29s waited with
engines running to bomb targets in China and Korea. Later in the war,
when Chinese troops entered Korea, nuclear-laden bombers flying from
Japan would actually penetrate Chinese and North Korean airspace. One
jet fighter bomber was shot down.<br />
<br />
The Korean War is an important milestone for Japan. Only seven years
after the most humiliating defeat in its three-thousand-year history,
Japan served as the staging ground for the same military that had
defeated her. Japan’s own military at the time was practically
nonexistent. As humiliating as the American servicemen who frequented
Tokyo’s nickel brothels was the realization that Japan’s defense was
wholly in American hands. As Truman played the game of nuclear
brinkmanship with the Chinese, it became apparent that Japan’s defense
now relied on the same nuclear bombs that had sealed her World War II
defeat.<br />
<br />
In the early 1950s, the United States aggressively urged Tokyo to get
involved in the nuclear power business. Having witnessed the
destructive power of nuclear energy, President Eisenhower was determined
to keep it under strict control. He also realized that the world would
never accept a complete U.S. monopoly on atom-splitting technology, so
he developed an alternative — Atoms for Peace. Eisenhower gave
resource-starved countries like Japan and India nuclear power reactors
as a form of technical, economic and moral support. Lacking the
indigenous resources to rebuild its economy and infrastructure, Japan
quickly turned to nuclear power as the answer for its chronically
energy-starved economy.<br />
<br />
With the help of the American Atoms for Peace program, Japan began to
develop a full-scale nuclear power industry. The Japanese sent scores
of scientists to America for training in nuclear energy development.
Desperate to regain a foothold in the international arena and reclaim
its sovereignty and power after the war, the Japanese government
willingly spent scarce funding on research labs and nuclear reactors.
Japan’s wartime experience had prepared her to build a nuclear industry
from scratch, but with Atoms for Peace, it was cheaper to import
complete reactors from the West.<br />
Atoms for Peace supported British and Canadian nuclear exports as
well as American. Britain went first, selling its Magnox plant to Japan.
General Electric and Westinghouse rapidly secured the rest of the
industry, selling reactor designs and components to Japan at exorbitant
prices. The Japanese industry quickly became a model for other Atoms for
Peace countries. A generation of brilliant young Japanese scientists
came of age during this period, all committed to the full exploitation
of nuclear energy.<br />
<br />
Once the industry was vitalized, Japan resumed its own nuclear
research independent from the United States. Encouraged by the
Americans, in 1956 Japan’s bureaucrats mapped out a plan to exploit the
entire nuclear fuel cycle. At that time the concept was only
theoretical, no more a reality than the atomic bomb was when Einstein
penned his infamous letter to Roosevelt in 1939. According to the
theory, plutonium could be separated from the spent fuel burned in
conventional reactors and used to fuel new “breeder reactors.” No one
had yet been able to make it work, but this was the dawn of the age of
technology. Scientists in Japan, America and Europe were intoxicated
with the possibilities of scientific advancements. Japan’s central
planners and bureaucrats were equally enthusiastic. The breeder reactor
plan would make the most efficient use of the raw uranium Japan imported
from the United States. It would wean Japan from her dependence on
American energy and also create an enormous stockpile of plutonium – the
most powerful and difficult to obtain bomb material.<br />
<br />
Secret Cold War Nuclear Policies<br />
<br />
<br />
In October 1964, communist China stunned the world by detonating
its first nuclear bomb. The world was caught by surprise, but nowhere
were emotions as strong as in Japan. Three months later Japanese Prime
Minister Eisaku Sato went to Washington for secret talks with President
Lyndon Johnson. Sato gave LBJ an extraordinary ultimatum: if the United
States did not guarantee Japan’s security against nuclear attack, Japan
would develop a nuclear arsenal. The ultimatum forced LBJ to extend the
U.S. “nuclear umbrella” over Japan. Ironically, this guarantee later
enabled Sato to establish Japan’s Three Non-Nuclear Principles: to never
own or produce nuclear weapons or allow them on Japanese territory. The
policy won Sato the Nobel Prize for Peace. The Japanese public and the
rest of the world never knew that these three principles were never
fully enforced, and Sato allowed the secret nuclear weapons program to
go on.<br />
<br />
In the years to come, thousands of U.S. nuclear weapons would pass
through Japanese ports and American bases in Japan. Even before Sato’s
historic meeting with LBJ, Japan had quietly agreed to officially ignore
U.S. nuclear weapons stored in Japan. Japanese officials were shrewd
enough to put nothing down on paper, but U.S. Ambassador to Tokyo Edwin
O. Reischauer disclosed the pact in a 1981 newspaper interview. In 1960,
the Japanese government had verbally agreed to allow nuclear-armed
American warships access to Japanese ports and territorial waters.
Several current and former U.S. and Japanese officials confirm
Ambassador Reischauer’s interpretation, including the former Japanese
Ambassador in Washington, Takezo Shimoda. When asked about these issues
in the 1980s, the Japanese government flatly denied there was any such
understanding and said it was “inconceivable” that it had a different
interpretation of the treaty conditions than the United States.
Nonetheless, after Prime Minister Zenko Suzuki ordered his Foreign
Ministry to investigate the facts, the best it could do was to say it
could find no written records of the pact.<br />
<br />
Declassified U.S. government documents make a mockery of the Three
Non-Nuclear Principles. The papers reveal that Japanese government
officials ignored evidence that the United States was routinely bringing
nuclear weapons into Japanese ports. American military planners took
Japan’s silence as tacit permission to carry nuclear weapons into
Japanese harbors. The American aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk, home ported
for decades in Yokohama, routinely carried a small arsenal of nuclear
weapons.<br />
<br />
Japan even participated in joint military exercises in which U.S.
forces simulated the use of nuclear weapons. These revelations underline
the dichotomy between the Japanese government’s public policies and its
actions regarding nuclear weapons.<br />
<br />
One of the pivotal debates in Japan during the early 1970s was
whether to join the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The treaty
basically froze the nuclear status quo. The five nuclear powers retained
their arsenals while the rest of the world pledged to abstain from
nuclear weapons. More than a hundred countries signed the treaty. The
only notable exceptions were the few states that held open the nuclear
option: India, Pakistan, Israel and Japan. The debate, like most
decisions on these issues in Japan, was not carried out in a public
forum. But the Americans were listening, and what they heard put Japan’s
nuclear ambitions in a completely new light.<br />
<br />
Yasuhiro Nakasone was Director of the Japanese Defense Agency and one
of a new generation of pro-nuclear politicians. Though he was not in
favor of immediate nuclear armament, he opposed any action that would
limit Japan’s right to develop nuclear weapons in the future. Nakasone
was one of the principal authors of a 1969 policy paper that said in a
chapter on national security: “For the time-being Japan’s policy will be
not to possess nuclear weapons. But it will always maintain the
economic and technical potential to manufacture nuclear weapons and will
see to it that Japan won’t accept outside interference on this matter.”<br />
<br />
Six years later Nakasone was again embroiled in the nuclear debate.
At stake was Japan’s ability to go nuclear and the biggest prize in
Japanese politics – the prime minister’s gavel. Nakasone assured his
rise to prime minister by outwardly supporting the NPT. The price for
Japan’s cooperation was President Gerald Ford’s pledge not to interfere
with Japan’s nuclear programs, even when they included material and
technology ideally suited to nuclear weapons use. With Ford’s guarantee,
Japan finally ratified the NPT in 1976. Japan’s nuclear commerce
continued unabated. The United States continued to supply enriched
uranium to Japanese reactors and allowed the spent fuel to be
reprocessed in Europe and the plutonium shipped back to Japan, where it
was stockpiled for future use in breeder reactors<br />
<br />
Stopping the Spread of Fissile Material<br />
<br />
After Jimmy Carter won the presidency in 1976, he instituted an
aggressive policy to control the spread of fissile materials. As a
former nuclear reactor engineer on a Navy submarine, Carter knew better
than any other world leader the immense power locked up in plutonium and
highly enriched uranium. He was determined to keep it out of the hands
of even our closest non-nuclear allies – including Japan.<br />
<br />
Carter had good reason for this policy. Despite Japan’s ratification
of the NPT in 1976, a study conducted for the CIA the following year
named Japan as one of the three countries most able to go nuclear before
1980. Only the Japanese people’s historic opposition to nuclear weapons
argued against Japanese deployment. Every other factor argued for a
Japanese nuclear capability. By now the CIA – and its more secretive
sister agency, the NSA — had learned the position of Japan’s inner
circle.<br />
<br />
Carter knew the incredibly volatile effect plutonium would have on
world stability. Plutonium is the single most difficult to obtain
ingredient of nuclear bombs. Even relatively backward countries – and
some terrorist groups – now possess the technology to turn plutonium or
highly enriched uranium into a nuclear weapon. But refining plutonium or
enriching uranium is an extremely difficult, costly task. Carter knew
that by limiting the spread of plutonium and uranium, he could control
the spread of nuclear weapons. He made preventing the spread of
plutonium the cornerstone of his nuclear non-proliferation policy.<br />
<br />
The Japanese were shocked when Carter entered office and promptly
pushed through Congress the 1978 Non-Proliferation Act, which subjected
every uranium and plutonium shipment to congressional approval and
blocked a host of sensitive nuclear technologies from Japan. Carter was
determined not to transfer nuclear technology or materials that Japan
could use to make nuclear weapons. The decision was hugely unpopular in
America’s nuclear establishment as well. America’s nuclear scientists
had expected much from Carter since he was one of them: someone who knew
and understood nuclear energy.<br />
<br />
Carter’s efforts ended America’s plans to reprocess spent nuclear
fuel. Carter stopped reprocessing because he feared the consequences of
Korean or Taiwan stockpiling plutonium. He believed it would lead to an
Asian arms race involving Japan and China as well as Korea or Taiwan.<br />
<br />
Carter’s U.S. nuclear doctrine was enormously unpopular among
America’s nuclear science elite, who viewed a plutonium-based fuel cycle
as the future of nuclear energy. They saw the atom as the solution to
the problems that had stalled America’s great economic boom – acid rain
from coal, shortages and embargos of oil. With an almost inexhaustible
supply of cheap, clean nuclear energy, America would reclaim its
position as the world’s unquestioned economic leader. But for many it
went beyond even that. If America could complete the fuel-cycle –
complete the nuclear circle, all of humanity could be lifted up by the
nuclear bootstrap. At research centers around the country and in the
Department of Energy’s Forrestal Building on Washington’s Independence
Avenue, enthusiasm for the breeder program reached almost a religious
crescendo.<br />
<br />
If the breeder reactor was going to revolutionize the world’s nuclear
economy, went the thinking in America’s nuclear establishment, the
United States would have to share it with her allies in Europe and
Japan. The very cornerstone of science is the free exchange of
information, and the American scientists shared openly with their
European and Japanese colleagues. The cooperation ran both ways. The
breeder reactor was proving to be a monumental technical challenge, and
DOE was eager to learn from the mistakes of Germany, Britain and France,
all of which had been working on the problem nearly as long as the
United States. Carter’s policies hindered America’s efforts to develop
and share a plutonium-based nuclear energy cycle.<br />
<br />
To the chagrin of the powerful nuclear weapons and nuclear power
lobbies, Carter abandoned the idea of a new nuclear renaissance.
Carter’s administration ushered in an era of reduced nuclear trade and
an interruption to the free flow of ideas among scientists. For men like
Richard T. Kennedy and Ben Rusche at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
and Harry Bengelsdorf at the U.S. Department of Energy, the restraints
were completely unacceptable. Jimmy Carter’s re-election defeat brought
the nuclear establishment another opportunity.<br />
<br />
Reversing Course – Reagan Undermines Carter’s Policies<br />
<br />
<br />
One of the most passionate nuclear believers was a career
bureaucrat named Richard Kennedy. A former Army officer, he labored in
obscurity at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, his career held hostage
by his vehement opposition to President Carter’s nuclear policies. All
of that changed after Ronald Reagan’s election in 1980. One of Reagan’s
first acts as president was to effectively reverse Carter’s nuclear
doctrine, which had barred the United States from using plutonium in
civilian power projects with America’s friends or adversaries.<br />
<br />
Reagan made Kennedy his right-hand man for nuclear affairs. From his
new post as Ambassador at Large for Nuclear Energy, Kennedy oversaw the
dismantling of the Carter policies he despised. The new administration
rejuvenated American and international reliance on plutonium.<br />
<br />
But one legacy of the Carter years hobbled America’s headlong leap
into international nuclear commerce. Carter had pushed through Congress
in 1978 the Atomic Energy Act, a sweeping piece of legislation that
strictly limited how foreign countries could import and use nuclear
materials originating in the United States. Under the Act, Congress had
to approve every single shipment of reactor fuel that crossed an
international border. The law was an insufferable impediment to
Kennedy’s vision of unfettered nuclear commerce. So he set out to
circumvent it.<br />
<br />
In the early days of the Reagan buildup, as the massive injection of
cash into America’s conventional and nuclear war-making industries
dramatically increased, the administration force-fed money to the
nuclear scientists designing new warheads and attempting to solve the
nuclear breeder reactor conundrum.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
At the center of this plan was an experimental facility at the
DOE’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee’s scenic Clinch River
valley. Here in the Appalachian foothills, America’s most brilliant
scientists were assembling a breeder reactor. The technology held
incredible promise. As it generated power, it transformed previously
spent nuclear fuel into pure plutonium. The breeder became the Holy
Grail of nuclear science, a closed fuel cycle that would open up an
almost limitless supply of energy. The Clinch River breeder project was
on the cutting edge of technology, and, under Reagan, the Department of
Energy flooded the project with money. The project cost $16 billion
dollars between 1980 and 1987. And then, as suddenly as it had begun,
Congress stopped the program cold.<br />
Despite the efforts of the country’s best minds and nearly limitless
budgets, the breeder program did not work. And it was not only the
Clinch River team who failed. Breeder programs in Germany, France and
the United Kingdom also could not make the leap from lab experiment to
commercially viable practice.<br />
<br />
Reagan’s commitment to new nuclear weapons never flagged, but as the
mid-eighties recession dragged on, he could not protect every facet of
the military industrial complex from congressional cost-cutting. In
1987, Congress pulled the funding on Clinch River. To the cadre of
scientists and Energy Department bureaucrats who had made the breeder
reactor their life’s work, it was a disaster. Yet despite their failure
and the nation’s lack of support, they remained faithful to the idea of
the nuclear fuel cycle.<br />
<br />
In the meantime, one country was still doggedly pursuing the breeder
technology: Japan. In 1987, the resources of Japan’s runaway economy
seemed limitless. If any nation could make the breeder economically
viable, it was Japan. But if Japanese scientists were to succeed, they
would need to start where the Americans had left off.<br />
<br />
To understand what happened next requires an understanding of how
American government really works. While administrations change every
four or eight years and Congress, particularly the House of
Representatives, regularly cycles its membership, the bureaucracy rolls
on with almost monolithic continuity. In the bureaucracy, careerists can
entrench behind their coveted projects to wait out administrations.
Before Congress terminated the breeder program, Reagan left its future
in the hands Richard T. Kennedy.<br />
<br />
Kennedy looked like a Hollywood casting director’s version of the
Washington insider, says long-time adversary Damon Moglen. “He had the
nasty, florid appearance of a man who spent a lifetime in smoky back
rooms, and his demeanor reeked of influence peddling. You could have
seen him coming out of Tammany Hall.” Kennedy’s friends were kinder. Ben
Rusche, a colleague at the NRC, praised Kennedy’s political instincts.
“He was very attuned, perhaps to a degree greater than many that were in
the business, to political realities both internally and externally.”
Friend and foe alike agree that Kennedy trampled over lesser bureaucrats
who stood in his way. He was the perfect man to orchestrate the
salvation of the American breeder program by transferring it part and
parcel to Japan.<br />
The plan would require a masterful manipulation of Washington’s
byzantine bureaucratic process. A technology transfer of this magnitude
requires the approval of hundreds of officials at dozens of agencies.
But precisely because it is so large and complicated, a canny insider
can shepherd it through channels with the aid of a small cadre of true
believers. Eight years of joint breeder development with Japan had
created a crop of young scientists and bureaucrats passionately devoted
to the cause. And Kennedy was still flush with an improbable
victory—forcing Congress to allow the sale of nuclear reactors to
Communist China in 1985<br />
<br />
Giving to Both Sides – Nuclear deals with China and Japan<br />
<br />
In 1984 the Westinghouse Corporation had struck a deal to supply
nuclear reactors to China worth as much as $10 billion. The deal was an
incredible windfall for the American nuclear industry and would be a
cornerstone in Kennedy’s efforts to make the United States dominate in
the world’s nuclear commerce. The only problem was China’s abysmal
record of sharing nuclear secrets with all bidders.<br />
<br />
In a bitter session on the Senate floor, then Democratic Assistant
Majority Leader Alan Cranston charged that the Reagan administration on
Kennedy’s watch had “systematically withheld, suppressed and covered up
information – known virtually throughout the executive branch – which
Congress might find worrisome.” China was already known to have sold
nuclear technology to five international nuclear outlaws: Pakistan,
Iran, South Africa, Brazil and Argentina. By 1984, Cranston and most of
the American government knew that China had given sophisticated nuclear
weapons designs to Pakistan. Beijing had also sold the enriched uranium
that would find its way into South Africa’s nuclear bombs. China sold
heavy water for use in Argentina’s bomb program, while also selling
nuclear materials to arch rival Brazil and negotiating nuclear
agreements with Iran. China’s nuclear proliferation track record could
hardly have been worse, but instead of negotiating ironclad safeguards,
Kennedy returned from Beijing with an agreement so ambiguous that both
sides could interpret it however they liked. China had refused to sign a
non-proliferation pledge or agree to give the United States the right
to prevent China from reprocessing fuel burned in the reactors into
plutonium for use in nuclear weapons.<br />
<br />
Kennedy returned to Beijing in June 1985 to lead the American
side of the nonproliferation negotiations. He brought back a new
agreement that was almost identical to the first. But $10 billion
projects die hard in Washington, and a threat to cancel Chinese Premier
Deng Xiaoping’s upcoming visit to Washington provided Kennedy the
opening he needed. As the administration promoted its argument that the
best way to contain the Chinese nuclear threat was to become its primary
supplier, Westinghouse passed out subcontracts that made the deal
popular among politicians.<br />
<br />
The China agreement had forged Kennedy’s inner circle into an
administrative juggernaut, and despite the potential rewards awaiting
key players in lobbying firms and Japanese-funded think tanks, the
nucleus of Kennedy’s circle remained in the government. Now with the
Japanese breeder program on the line, Kennedy’s right-hand man at the
U.S. State Department, Fred McGoldrick, and DOE contractor Harold
Bengelsdorf, would rally breeder disciples throughout the government. Their
goal was to transfer the American taxpayer funded technology of the $16
billion Clinch River project to Japan’s largest utility company for
less than one-thousandth the American investment. The plan had already
been approved, largely by Japanese and American consultants working for
the Big Five Japanese corporations.<br />
<br />
Two major obstacles stood in their way. U.S. and international law
strictly limited the technology developed in the Clinch River program,
particularly reprocessing technology used to separate plutonium from
spent nuclear fuel. And the plan would require hundreds of international shipments of weapons-grade plutonium and high level nuclear waste on ships.<br />
<br />
In the early days of 1986, Kennedy met almost daily with Lewis Dunn, a
midlevel functionary in the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. ACDA
had the contract to write the proliferation threat assessment that would
determine in large part whether the deal with Japan would survive.<br />
Dunn had committed his career to opposing the spread of nuclear
weapons. But like Kennedy, he believed that the best way to manage
nuclear technology was to become the world’s leading nuclear supplier.
In his quiet, determined way, Dunn was as powerful an advocate of the
Japan agreement as Kennedy. Records of Dunn’s frequent meetings with
Kennedy remain classified, but Kennedy’s calendars reveal an
extraordinarily close collaboration between the two men.<br />
<br />
Dunn worked for ACDA, a semi-autonomous agency housed in the State
Department’s office building at Foggy Bottom. At least three times a
week for nearly a year, Dunn made the long walk from ACDA’s offices on
the third floor to Kennedy’s corner office. They talked for hours about
the threat assessment that Congress would use to decide whether or not
to allow the transfer to Japan.<br />
The report Dunn penned made the agency rounds in the middle of 1986
and met with immediate skepticism from the Pentagon, the CIA and the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The Central Intelligence Agency had been
warning for years that Japan had the technology, and perhaps the will,
to go nuclear. Contrary to the popular view inside the U.S. government,
Japan had never given up the legal right to go nuclear. In fact, in a
series of policy papers and internal debates going back to the early
1950s, Japanese policymakers had explicitly reserved the nuclear option.
Most tellingly, an internal planning document that circulated at the
highest level of Japanese government in 1969 stated that Japan would
maintain —and, if necessary, develop – the technical and financial means
to develop nuclear weapons. In an ominous aside, the paper vowed to do
so “no matter what foreign pressures were applied.”<br />
<br />
The CIA knew of the 1969 planning paper and reams of other evidence
that suggested Japan had the will and the means to go nuclear if it felt
threatened. Reports the CIA sent to U.S. presidents on the issue
beginning in the 1960s shored up the nuclear umbrella commitment Lyndon
Johnson had made to Prime Minister Eisaku Sato in 1965. The agency made
sure that every president since LBJ knew Japan’s nuclear potential. Yet
the warnings rarely trickled down to the working levels of the
bureaucracy, where nuts and bolts decisions such as the transfer of the
Clinch River hardware and research results were hammered out with Japan.<br />
<br />
Getting Around The Department of Defense<br />
<br />
The CIA had been skeptical of Japan’s nuclear program for decades.
The CIA and NSA eavesdropped routinely on America’s allies as well as
her adversaries. Over the years, the CIA had consistently reported that
Japan had both the potential and – under the right circumstances – the
will to go nuclear.<br />
<br />
But in 1987, when Kennedy was pushing hard to accelerate the trade in
nuclear secrets and materials with Japan, the CIA was out of the loop.
Ironically, the agency that knew the most about Japan’s nuclear
potential knew the least about the internal deliberations in the United
States about transferring nuclear technology to Japan. The CIA is
charged with monitoring foreign governments. While it has never
completely restrained itself from spying on rival agencies, in this case
the agency knew almost nothing about Kennedy’s internal effort to move
the Clinch River project to Japan.<br />
<br />
Ultimately, the CIA was cut out of
the decision. The role of chief opponent belonged to the Pentagon.<br />
State, DOE and ACDA favored wholesale collaboration with Japan, while the Pentagon feared terrorists could hijack sea shipments of bomb-grade plutonium carried between Europe and Japan.
Leading the Pentagon’s camp was Fred Ikle, Reagan’s Undersecretary of
Defense for Nuclear Programs. Ikle’s concern about terrorist attacks was
genuine, but a far greater concern lurked beneath the surface of open
debate, a subject so politically unpopular that it was barely raised
outside the Pentagon. For years intelligence analysts at DOD and the CIA
had believed that Japan was capable of developing a formidable nuclear
arsenal. Though few in the administration doubted Japan’s technical
abilities, Ikle and a few others were alone in their belief that Japan
had the political potential to go nuclear.<br />
<br />
Kennedy had one ally in the Pentagon. Captain James Auer was the
Japan officer in the Office of the Secretary of Defense. He was the
Pentagon’s first authority on all things Japanese. Auer had spent nearly
half his 20-year naval career in Japan, first as commanding officer of a
guided missile frigate home-ported in Yokohama, and later as a student
at the Japanese equivalent of the U.S. Naval Academy. Like many
Westerners who come into close contact with Japanese culture, Auer was a
convert. He spoke the language, read the literature and became a
connoisseur of the Japanese classic dance form, Kabuki.<br />
<br />
That talent would serve him well in the Pentagon in 1986, as the
American military bureaucracy squared off against the State and Energy
departments over Japan. While the civilian bureaucrats viewed Japan as a
vibrant and able partner in world affairs, and particularly in the
field of nuclear energy, the warriors in the Pentagon held a far darker
view. Since the time of the Korean War, the American military
had regarded Japan largely as a freeloader that had built its
monstrously successful economy on the backs of American servicemen who
held the Soviets, Chinese and North Koreans at bay. Before any evidence
had been examined, the Defense Department was far less likely to be
sympathetic to Japan’s case than were the other major agencies in
Washington.<br />
<br />
The chief exception to this rule was Auer, who as a committed
Japanophile was also in exactly the right place to help push the
U.S.-Japan Agreement through the Pentagon. Early in 1986,
Auer’s name begins to appear in Kennedy’s official calendar. As the
Japan Desk officer at Defense, Auer was privy to almost all of the
paperwork and high-level meetings regarding the proposed plutonium deal.
He also was in weekly contact with his many friends and colleagues in
the Japanese Embassy and at the Big Five corporate offices that served
as a shadow foreign service for Japan. It is not clear whether Auer
leaked the Pentagon’s deliberations or strategy to Kennedy or the
Japanese. The Pentagon’s chief concern with the U.S.-Japan
Agreement was the transport of enormous quantities of weapons-grade
plutonium and nuclear waste along sea-lanes that could not be adequately
defended.<br />
<br />
The Pentagon confronted Kennedy on the security issue. In report
after report, the Defense Department concluded that nothing less than a
destroyer escort could adequately protect the plutonium shipments. Men
like Richard Spear, with twenty years command experience in the Navy,
found their warnings overruled by Kennedy and his colleagues on the
strength of Lewis Dunn’s ACDA analysis. In the only plutonium shipment
through the Panama Canal before the U.S.-Japan Agreement entered force,
the Navy deployed a small armada to ensure its safe passage. The
operation was coordinated by Lt. Col. Oliver North, of Iran-Contra fame.
Now, on the force of an analysis conducted almost entirely
within Foggy Bottom by Kennedy and Dunn, the United States was preparing
to allow hundreds of tons of plutonium and other fissile materials to
transit the high seas protected only by a few policemen on a cargo ship.<br />
<br />
Frank Gaffney, then a deputy assistant secretary for defense, recalls
the Pentagon’s reaction to the transport plan as one of almost total
resistance. “There was just no way we were going to protect those
shipments. It would be too much of a drain on our readiness. And the
Japanese were neither willing nor able to stop a determined attack
halfway around the world.”<br />
<br />
The scenario Ikle and Gaffney foresaw was a slow and poorly armed
nuclear transport vessel incapable of fighting off even a lone gunboat. A
plutonium laden ship would be at the mercy of any nation or terrorist
organization that could get its hands on a World War Il-vintage
destroyer or even an armed speed-boat.<br />
<br />
The Pentagon had favored air transport of the plutonium, but
that option had been stymied when supposedly crash-proof casks smashed
open in tests. Greenpeace got the tests results and took them
straight to the media. That ended the Pentagon’s favored option of
transporting plutonium and high-level nuclear waste by air. The Defense
Department also had concerns that the Japanese would use the plutonium
in their own weapons program. Except for the CIA, no branch of the U.S.
government believed more firmly that Japan could one day go nuclear. But
a nuclear Japan was not a deal-breaker for Defense as much as it would
be for other agencies. In the ongoing industrial, economic and
ideological campaign against communism, Japan was perhaps America’s
strongest Cold War ally.<br />
<br />
Although her military was purely defensive, and
she did not have the will in 1986 to use it, the long memories at
Defense recalled a Japan that had been an extremely formidable military
force. Many of the top-ranking officers came from old-line military
families and had fathers and uncles who had fought against the Japanese
in World War II. If the State Department regarded Japan as an enormous
pacifist economic engine, and Energy regarded her as a surrogate womb
for its cherished breeder reactor, Defense still saw Japan as a sleeping
giant. But this time the giant was on America’s side.<br />
A nuclear-armed Japan would relieve much of the drain on American
military resources. The need to keep two divisions on the ground in
Korea, as well as nuclear armed ships and aircraft in the Pacific as a
hedge against China and the missile bases in the Soviet Far East
detracted from the Pentagon’s chief mission – preparing for all-out war
on the plains of Central Europe. The Reagan administration’s strategy
was to push the Soviet war machine until it broke, taking the Soviet
Union and its satellite regimes with it. A more aggressive,
nuclear-armed Japan would be a tremendous asset in this effort. So while
Defense fought against the sea-shipment of plutonium on tactical
grounds, its opposition to plutonium and technology transfer to Japan
was only pro forma.<br />
<br />
Auer was able to capitalize on this sentiment behind the scenes. Late
in 1986, the Pentagon grudgingly signed off on Dunn’s report stating
that sea transport of plutonium did not constitute a major proliferation
risk. The Pentagon was not the lead agency, Gaffney explains, so even
had it fought tooth and nail, State and Energy would probably have been
able to muster the support to defeat the opposition, and possibly the
career ambitions of its major figures.<br />
<br />
The Secrets of Savannah River and Hanford<br />
<br />
<br />
The Pentagon knew that the Clinch River technology was ideally
suited for use in nuclear weapons. Most of the project’s theoretical
research had been carried out at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. But
the hardware development and much of the hands-on research took place at
the plutonium separation canyons at the Savannah River Site near Aiken,
South Carolina, and at Hanford, Washington, two of the country’s other
major nuclear weapons laboratories.<br />
<br />
The facilities in Washington State were built to separate plutonium
for the Manhattan Project in the early 1940s and had been vastly
expanded in a new Savannah River facility in the 1950s and 60s. By the
time the Clinch River program was in full swing, the plants that first
gave birth to the bombs that leveled Hiroshima and Nagasaki and now were
building hydrogen bomb warheads, were accepting dozens of Japanese
visiting scientists each year. When the program’s demise became
inevitable, the Japanese came in even greater numbers.<br />
<br />
The breeder reactor runs on plutonium, a substance that is otherwise
useful only in nuclear weapons. Any technology that yielded plutonium
was by definition a nuclear weapons project. In the United States, such
projects are limited to a handful of nuclear weapons facilities owned
exclusively by the government. President Harry Truman, recognizing the
inherent risk of privatizing nuclear weapons capability, established the
American bomb program independent of private industry and the military.<br />
The most sensitive technologies in the Clinch River project were
housed on these remote nuclear reservations. And from the very outset,
Japanese industry officials wanted onto the American bases to see what
they were getting. The U.S.-Japan Agreement called for a five-year
period of cooperation in which Japanese and American scientists would
work together on breeder projects, funded largely by the Japanese
utilities. The idea, as DOE project director William Burch put it, is to
“stay in the ball game.” To stay in the game, the United States would
have to play by Japan’s rules. And the specific items Japan wanted came
straight from the nuclear weapons program.<br />
<br />
On top of the list was sophisticated plutonium separation hardware
housed at the Savannah River Site, which had churned out weapons
plutonium for a generation. Savannah River built and tested centrifuges,
which after further testing at the Argonne National Laboratory, were
shipped to Japan for use in the Recycle Energy Test Facility (RETF), a
deceptively named plant for separating weapons-grade plutonium from
spent fuel. RETF was central to the Japanese breeder reactor plan. The
Japanese needed the high-capacity plant to manufacture their own
high-grade plutonium. While the plant was under construction, Japan
contracted the refining job to France and Great Britain.<br />
<br />
America’s experience producing military plutonium at Savannah River
was ideally suited for use in the Japanese program. Other U.S. weapons
labs have also contributed to the Japanese program. Hanford and the
Argonne-West laboratory in Idaho conducted thousands of hours of tests
on plutonium fuel assemblies for the Joyo breeder reactor. Japanese
scientists were integrally involved in these tests and had virtual
free-run of the U.S. nuclear weapons establishment. If Japan does
someday deploy nuclear weapons, it will have been made possible by the
wholesale transfer of weapons-usable technology through the U.S.-Japan
Agreement.<br />
<br />
The Agreement between the Energy Department and Japan’s monolithic
nuclear energy utility, the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development
Corporation (PNC), violated a laundry-list of anti-nuclear prohibitions.
It provided no Japanese guarantee that nuclear material would not be
transferred to other countries without American consent, nor any
assurance that Japan would not reprocess American reactor fuel into
plutonium without prior U.S. approval. In short, the United States
abdicated all control of U.S.- origin nuclear material in Japan for the
next 30 years.<br />
<br />
The deal also violated Carter’s Atomic Energy Act, a U.S. law which
mandates that the reprocessing or retransfer of American nuclear
material must not increase the risk of proliferation. In particular, the
agreement did not ensure timely warning to the United States of any
diversion for weapons purposes. In fact, Japan has lost track of more
than 70 kilograms of weapons-grade plutonium at its accident plagued
Tokai reprocessing plant – enough to make more than 20 nuclear weapons.
In a single agreement, the United States ceded control of nuclear
material and gave up whatever safety margin it had to prevent a rapid
nuclear deployment. At the time of the transfer, officials in both
Washington and Tokyo knew that the only thing the breeder program would
produce reliably was plutonium and that it would churn it out in
enormous quantities, and in a form twice as pure as the plutonium used
in American nuclear weapons.<br />
<br />
To the American bureaucrats and scientists who engineered the
transfer, it was a coup for science and international cooperation. As
always, the concept of a nuclear armed Japan was difficult to believe in
light of the atomic devastation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.<br />
<br />
In addition to the wholesale transfer of U.S. fast-breeder and
reprocessing technology to Japan, the U.S-Japan Agreement gave Japan the
right to import unlimited amounts of nuclear materials from the United
States, reprocess it into plutonium without restriction, and retransfer
it to other countries.<br />
<br />
Senator John Glenn, who as a former astronaut knew enough science
to grasp the implications of the agreement, fought vehemently against
it. But Kennedy’s people had sent it to Capitol Hill unannounced, only
hours before the holiday recess. Most of Glenn’s supporters had already
left, and he could only stand back and watch as the agreement passed.
The Comptroller General of the United States immediately declared the
agreement illegal. President George H.W. Bush signed it anyway. Before
signing the U.S.-Japan Agreement, the United States had considered
requests to separate plutonium from U.S.-origin fuel on a
request-by-request basis. This agreement, instead, gave Japan blanket
authority to reprocess and store U.S.-origin nuclear material within
Japan, as well as the authority to transfer spent fuel to designated facilities in Europe for plutonium separation.<br />
<br />
Soon after the legislation was signed into law, Kennedy and his team
were duly rewarded. For James Auer, the Navy captain who had helped
Kennedy get the agreement past the Pentagon, it was a great career
boost. Auer, soon after passage, traded in his Navy Blue for the tweed
jacket of a tenured professor at Vanderbilt University in a new position
at a think tank fully funded by Japanese industry.<br />
McGoldrick and Bengelsdorf retired from government service several
years later and established a business of their own making hundreds of
thousands of dollars as private consultants for the Japanese nuclear
industry.<br />
<br />
By 1988, when the Senate ratified Kennedy’s U.S.-Japan Nuclear
Agreement, Japan was one of only a few countries in the world that
regarded plutonium as an asset, not a liability. The Soviets and
Americans were trying to devise ways to store and secure vast quantities
of this long-lived, radioactive element. In places like Germany and
Italy, strong public protests compelled governments to store plutonium
outside their own national borders.<br />
<br />
Japan’s Weapons Delivery Program<br />
<br />
By the 1970s, Japan began to aggressively pursue a space program.
Japan had risen from her World War II defeat to establish herself as a
premier manufacturing and technological power. The Jet Age had given way
to the Space Age, and a world power like Japan had to have its own
space program. The decision, as is almost always the case in Japan, was
pragmatic rather than emotional. Communications in the future would
depend on satellites, and warfare would be conducted with long-range
missiles. By 1969, Japan had already decided to maintain the ability to
go nuclear on short notice. From the start, long-range ballistic
missiles and satellite targeting abilities were part of that defense
architecture.<br />
<br />
In 1969 Japan delved aggressively into space, opening the National
Aerospace Development Agency (NASDA) and funded it lavishly. The
agency’s goal was to promote the useful role of space. Japan was not
interested in a headlong race to the moon; it wanted satellites for
communication and surveillance. And it knew how to get them.<br />
<br />
Just as America transferred nuclear technology to Japan under Atoms
for Peace, America opened its space secrets to Japan as well. NASDA
developed the N-I liquid-fuel launch vehicle with American assistance
and used it to loft the Kiku 2 communications satellite in 1977. The
feat made Japan the third nation, after the United States and the Soviet
Union, to place an artificial satellite in geostationary orbit.<br />
<br />
After the successful launch of Kiku 2, NASDA developed the N-II and
H-II rockets, to launch various utility satellites for
telecommunications, broadcasting, weather monitoring and other Earth
observation functions. The H-II — a large-scale and highly efficient
international class launcher — has been flying since 1994. The H-II’s
lift capability corresponded to the ability to launch nuclear payloads
to transcontinental ranges. Despite the initial success of Kiku II,
Japan’s consistent stumbling block was accuracy. Unlike the Americans,
and even the Russians, Japanese rocket scientists lacked the ability to
consistently place satellites in precise orbits.<br />
<br />
Successors to the Kiku II had a history of imprecise, wobbly orbits.
Kiku III, designed for a decade of service, exhausted its fuel trying to
hold its orbit and fell from the sky after only two and a half years.
Kiku IV lasted less than two years. As scientists everywhere do when
faced with a hard problem, the Japanese looked for a shortcut. It came
with the decline of Soviet communism.<br />
<br />
In 1991, the seemingly airtight security of the Soviet space and
missile programs was thrown wide open as scientists fled to the West.
Japan’s secret service capitalized on the chaos and procured the design
and some hardware of an SS-20 missile bus, the critical third stage of
the Soviets’ then most advanced medium-range ballistic missile. With its
three warheads, the SS-20 bus was an engineering treasure, from which
Japan learned a great deal about missile guidance. They learned from the
Russian missile how to place several warheads on one rocket. The
technology, called MIRVing, is key to all modern ballistic missile
forces. When one missile disgorges several warheads to an individual
target, it is virtually impossible to defend against it.<br />
<br />
Japan also developed the Lunar-A moon probe, a space exploration
vehicle that in many ways resembles an intercontinental ballistic
missile system. The Lunar-A system was designed to place three probes at
exactly determined targets on the moon. The technology is directly
transferable to a ballistic missile application. In addition to testing
multiple reentry vehicle technology and targeting, the probe could test
Japan’s ability to produce hardened electronics. The instruments aboard
the probe would have to withstand the tremendous pressure of striking
the moon’s surface and burrowing into the rock. This is precisely the
same technology the United States has perfected for its bunker-busting
small nuclear weapons, such as the B-61-11 developed for the B-2 bomber.
The technology perfected in the Lunar-A mission gave Japan the option
to develop nuclear weapons and delivery vehicles as sophisticated as any
in the world.<br />
<br />
Regional Concerns and Early Nuclear Catastrophes<br />
<br />
The mood toward nuclear weapons was changing in Japan. Perhaps the
most telling statement was uttered by cabinet minister Hatsumo Hada to
then U.S. Ambassador Walter Mondale at an embassy dinner party. Hada,
who later became ambassador to China, told Mondale that Japan would have
to go nuclear if North Korea obtained the bomb or the regional security
situation worsened. The Japanese public would have to be educated, Hada
said, but that would not present a problem. The fragility of the
stability of the area over the years has only increased as China and
North Korea’s tested nuclear weapons. Japan feels it must be ready to
quickly respond in the region. In the early 1980s, when her bubble
economy burst, Japan cut back on spending in many areas. But it never
abandoned its commitment to nuclear energy. In that area, it was still a
world leader.<br />
<br />
In the 1990s, the governor of Tokyo prefecture –essentially Tokyo’s
mayor and one of Japan’s most powerful politicians, Shintaro Ishihara,
first openly advocated the acquisition of a nuclear arsenal.
Surprisingly, there was little public outcry, and the governor was
re-elected by a wide margin.<br />
From the very start, the Japanese breeder program was predicated on
the belief that Japanese industry could do what the Americans and
Europeans had failed to do – run the extremely complicated breeder cycle
safely and profitably. That belief was rooted in Japan’s national
self-confidence, nurtured by two generations of success in
manufacturing. Japan’s dedicated and educated workforce and its special
brand of quality management made it the world leader in a host of
industries. Nuclear power generation would, it was believed, merely be
one more success, made possible by Japan’s superior workers and
management.<br />
<br />
Thirty years ago even Japan’s harshest critics might have agreed that
perhaps it could succeed where Western efforts had failed. But that
optimism soon faded as a string of nuclear catastrophes demonstrated
that nuclear industries are far different than any other. Both
the Monju fast-breeder reactor in 1995 and the Tokai reprocessing plant
in April 1997 suffered serious, accidental radiation leaks; both
accidents were the subjects of attempted cover-ups. Most egregious was
the fire and leak of radioactive sodium at the Monju FBR. Japan’s Power
Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC), the government
corporation that operated Monju, lied repeatedly to the public about the
accident. PNC attempted to suppress video footage that showed the cause
of the accident: a ruptured pipe in a secondary cooling system that had
spilled an estimated two to three tons of radioactive sodium – the
largest such leak in the history of fast-breeder technology. One of the
reasons PNC gave for releasing the misinformation was that Monju was too
important to Japan’s energy program to jeopardize the reactor’s
operation. In other words, the public’s safety was secondary to the
breeder program.<br />
<br />
Had it not been for a courageous act by a group of Fukui
prefecture officials in the early morning of December 11, PNC’s
attempted cover-up probably would have succeeded. Suspecting a cover-up,
the officials entered the plant and secured the videotape. The action
came as a direct result of a previous accident at Fukui’s Tsuruga Unit I
reactor in the early 1980s. Fukui prefecture officials were
not permitted to investigate that mishap. When the Monju accident took
place, the officials were determined not to be turned away a second
time. Following revelations that the agency itself had been involved in
trying to withhold the video, a PNC executive committed suicide.<br />
<br />
In the midst of the major problems at Japan’s nuclear facilities, a
military response not seen since World War II came back into the
Japanese psyche. In the spring of 1999, Japanese warships fired on North
Korean trawlers that had strayed into Japanese waters. This action was
the first time Japanese guns had fired in anger since the end of the
war. In pure military terms, the engagement was insignificant, but the
North Pacific region took notice because it symbolized the reawakening
of the Japanese warrior ethic.<br />
<br />
<br />
Besides Japan, only France, Russia and Great Britain still regard
plutonium as an asset. These countries have invested tens of billions
of dollars in their commercial reprocessing industry. The United States
abandoned its only reprocessing facility in Barnwell, S.C., just outside
the gates of the Savannah River Site without ever operating the
facility. Only huge government-owned plants in La Hague, France,
and Sellafield, England, separate tons of plutonium from spent nuclear
fuel for foreign customers. The biggest of these customers is Japan,
which, despite its confidence in its ability to build a breeder reactor,
had turned to purchasing plutonium from the British and French.<br />
The plutonium that the French and British reprocessors return to Japan is pure enough to use in nuclear weapons, and some of it comes from uranium mined in the United States. Thanks
to the U.S.-Japan Agreement pushed through by the Reagan
administration’s Richard Kennedy, the United States no longer has any
influence over the transport and use of this material. So even
after Japan’s disastrous nuclear accidents, and despite efforts to limit
nuclear weapons and prevent terrorist groups from obtaining nuclear
material, U.S.-origin nuclear material is still being shipped to Japan
by the ton. Every shipload contains enough plutonium for hundreds of
bombs.<br />
<br />
Though the Japanese people are among the world’s most ardent nuclear
weapons opponents, Japan’s security is inextricably tied to nuclear
weapons. The American nuclear umbrella is currently Japan’s last line of
defense against nuclear armed neighbors like China and North Korea. And
the Japanese leadership’s rationale has been that there is no real
certainty that the Americans will step into a nuclear fray to protect
Japan. With the possibility of bombs from China or North Korea exploding
over its territory, many Japanese leaders have come to consider the
nuclear option not merely desirable, but indispensable.<br />
<br />
Richard Kennedy died in 1998 and was buried at Arlington National
Cemetery. As the years passed his disciples lived lives of comfort. But
as these men enjoyed the fruits of their labor for Ambassador Kennedy,
the reality of the policies they had created were playing out in a most
dramatic fashion.<br />
Sellafield Nuclear Reprocessing Facility, Seascale, Cumbria, England<br />
<br />
The Sellafield nuclear reprocessing facility is the British
government-owned version of the Savannah River Site. Once dedicated to
the production of the world’s most deadly substance, plutonium, the key
ingredient of nuclear bombs, Sellafield was up until a few years ago the
nearby town’s lifeblood. Sixty-five hundred people work at
Sellafield separating the coveted plutonium from nuclear reactor fuel
irradiated in power plants around the world. It is dangerous work. A
microscopic particle of plutonium is enough to cause deadly lung or
blood cancers. Sellafield produced plutonium by the ton, as well as even
greater quantities of other radioactive wastes. Like Savannah River,
the British plant spread radiation into the surrounding environment.
Since 1952, fish, shellfish, and sea plants in the Irish Sea, and even
the local pigeons, have been heavily contaminated with radioactive waste
from Sellafield. The plutonium plant released into the sea 30 billion
liters of radioactive waste in a single decade.<br />
<br />
The most dangerous result of Sellafield’s reprocessing industry is
the arms race it may cause on the other side of the world. That is
because British Nuclear Fuels Ltd. (BNFL), the government-owned
corporation that runs Sellafield, churns out plutonium for the highest
bidder. Dr. Frank Barnaby, a retired British nuclear weapons designer,
says that the plutonium fuel produced at Sellafield that was repeatedly
shipped to Japan was sufficiently pure to be used in nuclear weapons. He
explains that both the United States and Great Britain have both built
and tested nuclear weapons made with the so-called reactor grade
plutonium.<br />
<br />
The late Paul Leavanthal, a non-proliferation expert, said the people
of Seascale, the town nearest Sellafield, unwittingly supplied
plutonium that could have ended up in nuclear bombs, and charged that
“the Thatcher British government did it in the name of British jobs.”<br />
<br />
Ambassador Kennedy’s agreement required the ships
transporting the materials to be escorted by government ships dedicated
to protecting the plutonium from possible terrorist attack. The intent
of this language was to require warships to escort the shipments, but,
in response to domestic Japanese pressure, the shipping company
persuaded the American, British and Japanese governments to allow two
transport ships to escort each other. The transport ships are owned by
Pacific Nuclear Transport Limited, a subsidiary of BNFL that is
partially owned by a consortium of Japanese utility companies that
wanted to save money.<br />
<br />
The ongoing nuclear commerce between Japan and France and Britain
soon became routine. The shipments of thousands of tons of U.S.-origin
reactor waste for Japan each year were largely uneventful until the
spring of 1995. Beyond profit, there is another reason France and
Britain continue to ship plutonium to Japan. If they do not, Russia
will. In economic terms, the balance of supply and demand favors Japan,
the world’s only serious plutonium buyer. Faced with the prospect of a
nuclear-armed Japan – and given the bloody history between these nations
– Japan’s Asian neighbors began buying from Areva, the French
government owned reprocessor.<br />
<br />
These shipments have not been uneventful.<br />
<br />
The Fukushima nuclear disaster was not Japan’s first close call with nuclear weapons grade plutonium. Japan
came very close to contaminating the Chilean coast on March 20, 1995,
when the Pacific Pintail, laden with enough waste plutonium to build
hundreds of nuclear bombs, tried to head into the protection of Chilean
waters during a storm.<br />
<br />
On March 20, 1995, Captain Blaine Axton had never seen worse weather in his forty years at sea. His
lightly armed trawler, the Pacific Pintail, labored in the heavy seas,
the 40-foot waves crashing over her bow, the spray flying away
horizontally in the storm. He was in the midst of an Antarctic gale off
Cape Horn at the tip of South America – the deadliest ocean in the world
– but the weather was only one of Axton’s problems.<br />
<br />
The Pintail was locked in a tense standoff with a Chilean
Navy gunboat over the contents of the Pintail‘s hold: twenty-eight
canisters of high-level plutonium-laden radioactive waste, en route from
France to Japan. If the Pintail were to founder, her toxic cargo could
poison the entire west coast of South America. Both Axton and his
Chilean counterpart were acutely aware of the potential for disaster.<br />
<br />
Through the spray and driving rain, Axton could make out a gunboat
flying the Chilean flag. The Chilean captain had already warned Axton
that he was authorized to use any means necessary to prevent the Pintail
from entering Chile’s 200-mile exclusion zone. The language was clear
to Axton; it was the most polite way of saying “turn around, or we’ll
sink you or board you.”<br />
<br />
The Chilean government was determined that if the Pintail
were to go down, it should be as far away as possible from the South Sea
fisheries that are a mainstay of the Chilean economy. The
Chilean gunboat captain continued to shout warnings over the Guard
Channel. As she battled her way through the sea to take up a firing
position against the Pintail, her captain was on the radio to Santiago,
begging for permission to open fire. It did not come. As Axton gambled,
the Chileans were not about to put a cargo of nuclear waste at the
bottom of their sea. The sea was so rough that both ships were
struggling just to stay afloat. A boarding party was out of the
question. The Chilean gunboat had no choice but to let her continue into
Chilean waters, where the Pintailsurvived the storm in the lee of the
Patagonian coast.<br />
<br />
Tellingly, when the storm-battered Pintail arrived in
Japanese waters two weeks later, with a typhoon building in the east,
her Japanese owners ordered the Pintail to wait out the storm 300 miles
from Japanese shores.<br />
<br />
Waste and Mox shipments from Europe<br />
<br />
In September 2010, France’s Areva loaded the first plutonium-based
mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel into Reactor Number 3 at the Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Plant. As the years passed more and more Japanese leaders
have become bolder in their pro-military and pro-nuclear
pronouncements. In the weeks leading up to the March 2011 tsunami and
nuclear disaster, the issue of a nuclear-armed Japan became very public
after a Chinese captain was arrested after he rammed Japanese coast
guard vessels with his ship. In an interview with the British newspaper,
The Independent, Tokyo Governor Shintaro Ishihara asserted that Japan
could develop nuclear weapons within a year and send a strong message to
the world. “All our enemies: China, North Korea and Russia – all close
neighbors – have nuclear weapons. Is there another country in the world
in a similar situation? People talk about the cost and other things but
the fact is that diplomatic bargaining power means nuclear weapons. All
the [permanent] members of the [United Nations] Security Council have
them.” Ishihara told The Independent the clash, which ended when police
released the captain of the Chinese ship accused of ramming the Japanese
coast guard vessel, had exposed his country’s weakness in Asia. “China
wouldn’t have dared lay a hand on the Senkakus [if Japan had nuclear
weapons].”<br />
<br />
The week before the governor made his comments, Beijing announced
that its 2011 defense budget would be increased by 13 percent. Further
adding to the tension with Japan is that China officially surpassed
Japan as the world’s second largest economy in January 2011.<br />
<br />
The governor said that a nuclear-armed Japan would also win more
respect from Russia, which seized four Japanese-owned islands during the
Second World War. And he advised his nation to rid itself of all
restrictions in its constitution on the manufacture and sale of weapons.
“We should develop sophisticated weapons and sell them abroad. Japan
made the best fighters in the world before America crushed the industry.
We could get that back.” Japanese nationalists have urged Japan’s
postwar constitution, written by the United States during the American
occupation, be abandoned. It makes Japan initiating war illegal.<br />
<br />
A month after the governor made these comments, three reactors at the
Fukushima nuclear power plant melted down including Reactor Number 3
with the plutonium-based MOX fuel. For the first time the larger
Japanese public began to ask serious questions about the relationship
between their government and the powerful Japanese utility companies and
their plutonium stockpile.<br />
A year later, more questions than answers remain.<br />
<br />
<br />
Editor’s Note: Beginning in 1991 reporters for the National
Security News Service undertook an investigation into a covert Japanese
nuclear weapons program. Our work has continued over the years. It gave
NSNS unique insights into the reasons for the misstatements and secrecy
that surround the ongoing tragedy at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power
Plant. This story represents the work of a team of current and former
reporters, fellows and interns for NSNS. CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0: <a href="https://dcbureau.org/201204097128/national-security-news-service/united-states-circumvented-laws-to-help-japan-accumulate-tons-of-plutonium.html" rel="nofollow">https://dcbureau.org/201204097128/national-security-news-service/united-states-circumvented-laws-to-help-japan-accumulate-tons-of-plutonium.html</a> <br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-58886350879949506812018-12-08T10:32:00.003-08:002018-12-09T10:31:21.636-08:00Posited link between Zhang Shoucheng suicide and Meng Wanzhou arrest (in Chinese)<!--[if !mso]>
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<b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 24.0pt;">被美国《</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 24.0pt;">301</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 24.0pt;">调查报告》频频点名,张首晟之死与芯片和任正非女儿被抓有无关联?</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 24.0pt;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: #888888; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">分享到:</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> 时间:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2018-12-06
20:17</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">•</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">来源:</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">察网</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">•</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">作者:</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cwzg.cn/column/221.html" target="_blank" title="关舆"><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">关舆</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span></a></span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></li>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><i>[Shortly after the arrest of Huawei CFO Meng Wanzhou and the suicide of Stanford professor and founding partner of the Danhua venture capital fund Zhang Shoucheng, this piece positing a link between the two was posted on the Internet in China. It was subsequently taken down, so I'm posting it here for posterity without vouching for its contents or conclusions. CH 12-9-2018]</i><br />
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">现在就下结论说,张首晟之死是美国阴谋或者不是美国阴谋,都是武断的。然而,笔者实事求是的核实了相关信息,发现美国资本控制的媒体上散播的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">张首晟的科学研究和芯片没有关系</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">是彻头彻尾的谣言。</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【本文为作者向察网的独家投稿,文章内容纯属作者个人观点,不代表本网观点,转载请注明来自察网</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">(www.cwzg.cn)</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">,微信公众号转载请与我们联系。】</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">据加拿大《环球邮报》</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">12</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">5</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">日报道称:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">孟晚舟在</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">12</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">日在温哥华被逮捕,美国政府正寻求引渡她,保释听证会将在周五举行。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">加拿大司法部发言人</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ian McLeod</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">在一份声明中称:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">受限于禁止报道令,我们目前无法进一步提供任何细节。这道禁止令是由孟女士申请发出的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">。】</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">据中华人民共和国驻加拿大大使馆网站消息,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【加拿大警方应美方要求逮捕一个没有违反任何美、加法律的中国公民,对这一严重侵犯人权的行为,中方表示坚决反对并强烈抗议。中方已向美、加两国进行了严正交涉,要求它们立即纠正错误做法,恢复孟晚舟女士的人身自由。我们将密切关注事态发展,采取一切行动坚决维护中国公民合法权益。】</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><img alt="" 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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">而就在差不多同一时间,据凤凰网科技讯(作者</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">/</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">花子健)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">12</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">6</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">日消息,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">12</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">日张首晟教授在斯坦福大学跳楼自杀:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【美国华裔科学家、斯坦福大学物理系、电子工程系和应用物理系终身教授张首晟被曝于</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">12</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">日去世,据斯坦福校友告知,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">从</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">9</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">楼还是</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">19</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">楼跳下来的。前一天周五还在和丹华的律所</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">fund</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">组开会。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">】</span><br />
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" /> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">一时间,一张图刷爆网络,有人以时间线索穿起来的相关事件在网络上广泛传播,引人无限遐想:</span><br />
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 24.0pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj58Pn85iGFK5qN0q2SchqtvjT8cc9ZXTNo2PTWw3J949G6k6vcVKZpwhJUV13lELuwUc3mtIbHfGMsCfvvctlhRztbgaprPaaPZbJXq5DYB9lGAYOKvqbvMBkkSvIq3UaMpPK7YQ/s1600/jpeg1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="798" data-original-width="450" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj58Pn85iGFK5qN0q2SchqtvjT8cc9ZXTNo2PTWw3J949G6k6vcVKZpwhJUV13lELuwUc3mtIbHfGMsCfvvctlhRztbgaprPaaPZbJXq5DYB9lGAYOKvqbvMBkkSvIq3UaMpPK7YQ/s640/jpeg1.jpg" width="360" /></a></span></b> </span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">在事实真相没有得到充分而准确地披露前,两种极端思维都是不足取的。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">一种是逢美必反,任何对中国不利的坏事都要扣在美帝阴谋上。一种则是针锋相对地替美国辩护,事实还未清晰,就宣布张首晟之死是正常的,是投资的比特币暴跌失败导致,张首晟的科学研究和反美人士猜测的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">芯片</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">没有关系。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">在中国舆论场上,美国资本控制的后一种声音更加强大。但是,根据当前存在的各种信息,上述两种观点都没有足够证据,现在就下结论说,张首晟之死是美国阴谋或者不是美国阴谋,都是武断的。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">然而,笔者实事求是的核实了相关信息,发现美国资本控制的媒体上散播的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">张首晟的科学研究和芯片没有关系</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">是彻头彻尾的谣言。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">张首晟(</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Shou-Cheng Zhang</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">),汉族,美国华裔科学家,祖籍江苏高邮,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1963</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年生于上海。斯坦福大学物理系、电子工程系和应用物理系终身教授。据悉,张首晟</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">15</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">岁考上大学,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">32</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">岁成为美国斯坦福大学终身教授,是杨振宁的杰出门生,杨振宁认为张院士获得诺贝尔奖只是时间问题。张首晟</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1980</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年从上海复旦大学赴德国留学,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1983</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年获德国柏林自由大学硕士学位,同年赴美国纽约州立大学石溪分校,师从著名物理学家杨振宁教授攻读博士学位,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1987</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年获物理学博士学位,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1993</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年任斯坦福大学物理系教授。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1992</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年获全球华人物理学会杰出青年科学家奖,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1993</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年获</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">IBM</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">研究部杰出创新奖。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1999</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年张首晟受聘为教育部</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">长江学者讲座教授</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">,任清华大学高等研究院教授。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2009</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年入选国家</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">千人计划</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2007</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,张首晟领导的研究团队提出的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">量子自旋霍尔效应</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">被《科学》杂志评为</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2007</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">全球十大重要科学突破</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">之一。基于他对拓扑绝缘体和量子自旋霍尔效应的开创性研究,张首晟已包揽物理界所有重量级奖项,包括欧洲物理奖、美国物理学会巴克莱奖、国际理论物理学中心狄拉克奖、尤里基础物理学奖和富兰克林奖章。具体如下:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=12265028" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1992</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,获全球华人物理学会杰出青年科学家奖。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2007</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,因发现的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">量子自旋霍尔效应</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">被《科学》杂志评为当年的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">全球十大重要科学突破</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">之一。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2010</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">7</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月,荣获德国</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">古登堡研究奖</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2010</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,因其对量子自旋霍尔效应和拓扑绝缘体的开创性研究,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2010</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年获欧洲物理奖(</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Europhysics Prize</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">)。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2011</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">9</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月,获香港求是科技基金会</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">求是杰出科学家奖</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2012
</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,获美国物理学会</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Oliver
Buckley</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">奖。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2012</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,获联合国教科文组织下属的国际理论物理学中心狄拉克奖(</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dirac
Medaland Prize</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">)。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2013</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">3</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月,因在拓扑绝缘体方面的研究获得尤里基础物理学奖前沿奖(</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Physics Frontier Prize</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">),与著名物理学家霍金一起登台领奖。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2014</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">11</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">3</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">日,因在拓扑绝缘体研究领域的开创性贡献,与两位科学家</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kane</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">和</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mele</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">一起分享了该年度富兰克林物理奖(</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Benjamin Franklin Medal</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">)。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">张首晟是美国科学院院士、中科院外籍院士,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2017</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年度中华人民共和国国际科学技术合作奖获得者。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2009</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,张首晟入选中国</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> “</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">千人计划</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">,并被清华大学特聘为教授,开始为祖国效力。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">早在</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2017</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月,就有媒体爆料,华为董事余承东曾专程开车冲到深圳五洲宾馆,接走正在参加</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">IT</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">峰会的张首晟,并一起吃饭谈重大的事情。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">据雷帝网透露,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【据雷帝网透露,华为终端公司董事长余承东专程来会场接走张首晟。余承东不是来参加</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">IT</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">领袖峰会,当媒体要采访余承东的期间,余承东予以拒绝。而余承东在接走张首晟的等待期间,还在门口抽了一只烟,直到又打了电话从深圳五洲宾馆大堂接走张首晟。在余承东和张首晟上车之际,雷帝网还专门询问了张首晟去向,张首晟说只是出去吃一顿饭,一会就回来。余承东则开车带走了张首晟。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">根据介绍,张首晟是美国华裔科学家,他在斯坦福大学任创业导师,曾投资</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">VMware</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">,市值曾达</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">480</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">亿美元。这笔投资给张首晟带来了上百倍的回报。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2013</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年张首晟教授与他斯坦福学生谷安佳博士联合创立丹华资本,连接美国创新与中国市场。】</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">据中国科学网微博爆料,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2010</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">9</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">日,华人科学家张首晟在华沙获得</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">欧洲物理奖</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">,由其团队提出的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">量子自旋霍尔效应</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">或将带来芯片的革命。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">据《科学时报》</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">
(2010-7-14 A4 </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">国际</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">)</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">报道:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2010/7/234542.shtm</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【科学界的最新研究表明,在特定条件下,芯片中的电子可以像高速公路上奔驰的汽车一样各行其道,互不干扰。美国斯坦福大学物理学教授张首晟认为,最新研究成果有望解决半导体目前面临的重大瓶颈,使信息高速公路真正通向芯片的最底层。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">张首晟日前在接受记者采访时说,去年获得诺贝尔物理学奖的华人科学家高锟发明的光纤,使得信息的传输已经可以在</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">高速公路</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">上进行。但在作为计算机</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">大脑</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">的芯片中,电子运动</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">杂乱无章</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">的难题此前一直未能得到破解。由于电子在芯片中运动就像行驶在混乱乡间小道上的汽车,很容易与行人和其他不同方向的车辆发生碰撞,速度快不起来,半导体的工作速度因此而受到严重制约。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">科学界和工业界已达成共识,信息革命下一步的发展,一定要把信息高速公路建到芯片的层次。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">张首晟领导的研究小组</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2006</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年在理论上预言,在量子自旋霍尔效应下,芯片中的电子能够像高速公路上的汽车一样正反方向分开,各行其道,互不干扰地进行运动。这一预言近年来被越来越多的实验证实,科学家发现很多不同的材料都能实现量子自旋霍尔效应。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">今年</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">6</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月,张首晟和其他</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">位科学家因为在</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">量子自旋霍尔效应理论预言和实验观测</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">领域的开创性贡献,共同荣获欧洲物理学会新一届</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">欧洲物理奖</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">。他认为,虽然有关量子自旋霍尔效应的研究成果真正投入应用至少还需</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">5</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年时间,但这种新奇的物理现象有可能在未来给信息革命带来重大影响。量子自旋霍尔效应的理论研究以及产业化开发,对科学界和信息产业界来说,都将是一次大洗牌的机会。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">张首晟说,清华大学和中国科学院物理所的科学家已在相关领域取得了开创性的世界级成果。这是中国科学自主创新,引导世界潮流的良机。下一步有必要从政府层面有计划地大力投入和组织协调,科学界也可瞄准一些理论上的预言,展开更广泛的探索,加快研究步伐,抢占科研的制高点。他认为,中国应充分认识到,这一领域的突破所带来的大洗牌,对中国基础研究和产业界的自主创新都是一次难得的历史机遇。】</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">斯坦福大学教授、美国科学院院士张首晟在演讲是这样谈其科研技术思路的:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.sohu.com/a/157368426_118792</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【我们这个时代被非常伟大的信息定理所刻划,这个定理就是摩尔定理,指计算能力每过</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">18</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">个月翻一次倍,怎么来衡量这个计算的能力呢?基本上在半导体的芯片,面积过去五六十年没有太大的改变,同样单位面积上,分布的三极管的数字每过</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">18</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">个月翻一次倍,摩尔定理奠基了信息社会为什么飞速发展,相比之下,传统行业往往是在比较平行的,比较线性的增长情况,摩尔定理是指信息计算能力按照指数级速度增长。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">摩尔定理继续按照传统的方式推进下去,是不能按照过去发展的指数,爆炸式的增长,为什么呢?每个三极管运算的过程当中必然会产生很多的热量,如果三极管的基本原理没有改变,每过</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">18</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">个月,三极管的数字翻一次倍的话,所产生的热量也是每过</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">18</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">个月翻一次倍,这种情况下,整个芯片继续提升的情况下,必然会烧掉。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">我们今天最经常讲的是信息的高速公路,但是在信息的层次,信息的高速公路却是非常拥挤的,如果我们把电子想象成跑车的话,有相互之间的碰撞,周围的碰撞,在这个过程当中会产生许多的热量,这样的话,每过</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">18</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">个月翻一次倍的话,继续提升的话,芯片就会烧掉。大家就会想,既然是这么一个原理,为什么电子在芯片最最底层做成一个信息的高速公路,这个猜想非常对了。我的研究发现了拓扑绝缘体,用最最简单的话来讲,我们为电子在芯片的最最底层造了一个信息的高速公路,高速公路最根本的原理,车道的原理、各分其道、互不干扰,每个电子在固定的车道上在运行,而不像左边一样,是赶集的情况下会到处碰撞。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">用一句话,拓扑绝缘体和量子自旋霍尔效应,就是把量子在芯片的层面上,按照红的和蓝的,电子自身向上的,按照红的轨道芯片在运转,自旋向下的按照蓝的轨道,碰到杂质的时候,首先车道是分开,并且按照自旋,空间上有一个分开,但是自旋的方向也不一样,碰到杂质继续往前走,不会散射回来。这的确是最近材料科学领域,在量子科学领域,的确是非常大的发现,而且是我们在</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2006</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,在理论上做了理论的预研,到了</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2007</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,在德国的一个实验小组,在实验室里面完全验证了我们的预研。但是现在还不能完全工业化,虽然达到了这个神奇的效应,这个神奇的效应相对来说还是在比较低的温度上才能够实现,所以我们正在寻找新的材料,预研新的材料,大家可能听说过一个神奇的材料,叫石墨烯,它是用碳原子组成的蜂窝状的单元制成的材料,但是这个石墨烯却没有我们讲的神奇的性质,但是我们在元素周期表,随着碳原子往下走会就会碰到烯,这个原子和碳原子一样,也能组成单的原子层,我们预研这个材料能够像高速公路运转,在室温下就能达到效应。】</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">而作为通讯科技龙头企业的华为公司,一直以来对芯片的自主研发充满了渴望,尽管其公司在购买</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">ARM</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">架构的基础上自主研发了麒麟系列手机芯片,但是底层算法上的受制于人,导致其在追赶和超越世界一流通信芯片厂商时遇到很大困难,张首晟的研究可能带来芯片产业的革命,华为与之合作,如果成功,势必是对世界通讯领域的一次巨大冲击。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">张首晟的研究到底是怎样的呢?</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">据张首晟介绍,利用</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">量子自旋霍尔效应</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">这种特性,科技人员能够让芯片里的电子在不同轨道上自旋,就像在不同车道上运行一样。电子各行其道,避免撞车,如此一来,发热问题将迎刃而解,摩尔定律将通过拓扑绝缘体的量子自旋霍尔效应重获新生。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">这一理论一经提出便获得了科学界的普遍认可。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2007</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,预言成为现实,德国维尔茨堡大学实验小组率先证实。同年,量子自旋霍尔效应被《科学》杂志评为</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2007</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">全球十大重要科学突破</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">之一。凭借在</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">量子自旋霍尔效应</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">和</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">拓扑绝缘体</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">两大研究中的重要贡献,张首晟已经囊括了除诺贝尔奖之外的几乎所有物理学顶级奖项。他本人也被其老师杨振宁预言无限接近诺贝尔奖的华裔科学家:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【众所周知,摩尔定律编译了硅谷的神话。但时至今日,它的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">保质期</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">似乎已经接近时效。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">然而近年来,一种名为拓扑绝缘体的新材料逐渐被视为摩尔定律的拯救者。这个令</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">谢耳朵</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">自视甚高的物理学科,其创始人是一位被预言无限接近诺贝尔奖的华裔科学家。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">尽管拓扑绝缘体实现工业化还尚需时日,但凭借发现</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">天使粒子</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">再次向诺贝尔奖发起冲击的张首晟已经从实验室走入了资本市场,亲自主导这场</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">再造硅谷</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">的行动。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">当价格不变时,集成电路上可容纳的元器件的数目,约每隔</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">18-24</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">个月便会增加一倍,性能也将提升一倍。换言之,每一美元所能买到的电脑性能,将每隔</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">18-24</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">个月翻一倍以上</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">——</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">硅谷传奇的基因密码来自于出身八叛逆的英特尔创始人戈登</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">·</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">摩尔。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">这一定律在半个多世纪以来一直支撑着信息科技产业的急速发展,也令资本的潮汐日复一日的掀起产业波浪。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">然而自然界的永恒是相对的,太阳的炽热也未见得亘古不变。摩尔定律的大限越来越清晰的被划定在未来几十年之内,甚至更快。因为,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">电子在芯片里的运动,犹如一辆辆疯狂跑车在集市里东冲西撞,碰撞就会产生热量。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">张首晟简单解释了智能终端越用越热的道理。而这一看似简单的散热问题很可能最终宣判摩尔定律死刑。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2006</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,斯坦福最年轻的终身教授之一张首晟提出设想</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">——</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">在碲化汞量子阱体系中可能存在无须磁场而由本征材料能带结构产生的拓扑绝缘态,而这种特殊的拓扑绝缘体态将引起非常有趣的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">量子自旋霍尔效应</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">张首晟介绍,利用这种特性,科技人员能够让芯片里的电子在不同轨道上自旋,就像在不同车道上运行一样。电子各行其道,避免撞车,如此一来,发热问题将迎刃而解,摩尔定律将通过拓扑绝缘体的量子自旋霍尔效应重获新生。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">这一理论一经提出便获得了科学界的认可。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2007</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,预言成为现实,德国维尔茨堡大学实验小组率先证实。同年,量子自旋霍尔效应被《科学》杂志评为</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2007</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">全球十大重要科学突破</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">之一。在这一理论基础上,张首晟带领团队还预言了一系列名为</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">拓扑绝缘体</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">的新材料。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">凭借在</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">量子自旋霍尔效应</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">和</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">拓扑绝缘体</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">两大研究中的重要贡献,张首晟已经囊括了除诺贝尔奖之外的几乎所有物理学顶级奖项。张首晟的老师曾表示,他获得诺贝尔奖只是时间问题。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">围绕着这两项研究成果,张首晟在今年首次证明了天使粒子的存在。从</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2010-2015</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,张首晟团队连续发表三篇论文,精准预言了实现马约拉那费米子的体系及用以验证的实验方案,并最终发现了</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">天使粒子</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">,即存在一类没有反粒子的粒子。同时也证明了存在一种比量子还小的单位,为持续了整整</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">80</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年的科学探索画上了圆满的句号,更对现在的量子理论带来巨大的改变。《张首晟</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">拯救摩尔定律》</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.sohu.com/a/193830414_120079"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.sohu.com/a/193830414_120079</span></a></span></u><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">】</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">而这种新式材料的问世,将彻底改变半导体产业的未来:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">拓扑绝缘体</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">是一种外部导电,内部绝缘的超级材料。张首晟用了一个简单的比喻来解释它复杂的原理,电子在芯片上的运动,就像汽车在集市里行驶,汽车对碰撞产生热量,正如电子之间碰撞发热一样。而</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">拓扑绝缘体</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">为电子搭建了高速公路,让他们能够在一条一条的单行道上运行,从而不会相互碰撞和产生热量。如果用这类材料制造的电子设备,性能会大幅提高,还有望催生出量子计算机。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">解说:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2013</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年张首晟发现了锡烯,这是一种可能在常温下实现百分之百导电的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">拓扑绝缘体</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">。百分之百导电,意味着电子能够无阻力传输,并且不产生任何热量。这一研究如果走出实验室,可能会重新恢复科技发展的电力,拯救速度正在刹车的信息产业。在斯坦福的课堂里。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">张首晟:如果这种材料走入市场,矽谷可能会变成锡谷。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://phtv.ifeng.com/a/20170327/44562376_1.shtml"><span style="color: blue;">http://phtv.ifeng.com/a/20170327/44562376_1.shtml</span></a></span></u><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">】</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">就在</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2018</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">日,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2017</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年度国家科学技术奖励大会在北京人民大会堂举行,备受关注的获奖名单也终于公布,张首晟等</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">7</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">名外籍专家获国际科学技术合作奖。可以说,张首晟的未来可谓一片光明,不出意外,诺奖在手,指日可待:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【这些外籍科学家中,名气最大的当属美籍物理学家张首晟。<b>据介绍,张首晟由中国驻旧金山领事馆推荐,理由是他积极参与和中国科研院所的合作,直接促成中国在量子反常霍尔效应、拓扑绝缘体以及新近的外尔半金属等领域的国际领先地位。</b></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2017 </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> 7 </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月,张首晟团队发现</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> “</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">天使粒子</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">” </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">的新闻一度在国内刷屏,包括杨振宁和汤森路透在内的权威声音都认为,张首晟已经成为诺贝尔物理学奖的大热门。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">他积极参与和中国科研院所的合作,直接促成中国在量子反常霍尔效应、拓扑绝缘体以及新近的外尔半金属等领域的国际领先地位</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">「国家科学技术奖重磅公布」自动化所等</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">AI</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">项目获奖;张首晟等获奖</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1589166706730062707&wfr=spider&for=pc"><span style="color: blue;">https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1589166706730062707&wfr=spider&for=pc</span></a></span></u><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">】</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">有网友第一时间在微博爆料,称张首晟教授自杀与美国政府的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">301</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">调查对其的指责有关:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【这就是美国政府</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">301</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">报告中对张教授的指责。简简单单的一个美国</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">VC</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">公司淡化资本,就被扣上出卖美国的帽子。美国公民张教授一生完美,毫无瑕疵,忍受不了这样的屈辱,从斯坦福大学的楼上跳下。】</span><br />
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 24.0pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcFeJZWLWfSmv9vU37_q2a5dVJ8M6hbNcCywu3FULSd40J4J9DGEagJbQKTccvqoPctVFLp4R3NE6yRxnW2gFm2CRL6D9JvJGd1dIpweMOX8r1lnxqA7pvBKLZM095EibODFbYZA/s1600/jpeg2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="429" data-original-width="798" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcFeJZWLWfSmv9vU37_q2a5dVJ8M6hbNcCywu3FULSd40J4J9DGEagJbQKTccvqoPctVFLp4R3NE6yRxnW2gFm2CRL6D9JvJGd1dIpweMOX8r1lnxqA7pvBKLZM095EibODFbYZA/s640/jpeg2.png" width="640" /></a></span></b> </span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">更有人在微博指出,在张首晟自杀前一天,及孟晚舟在被拘捕前一天,两人曾一起吃饭交谈:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">11</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">15</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">日美国更新了</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">301</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">报告,张首晟创办的丹华资本被点名,说是往中国转移技术。半个月后,张跟孟吃了饭,次日,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">12</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">日,孟在加拿大被捕,当天,张</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">跳楼自杀</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">······</span><br />
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">张首晟跳楼自杀曾和孟晚舟私谈</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://bschool.hexun.com/2018-12-06/195457336.html?tdsourcetag=s_pctim_aiomsg"><span style="color: blue;">http://bschool.hexun.com/2018-12-06/195457336.html</span></a></span></u><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">】</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">另据魔牛财经报道,张首晟是美国文理科学院院士、美国国家科学院院士、中国科学院外籍院士。主要贡献包括对拓扑绝缘体、量子自旋霍尔效应、自旋电子学、高温超导等领域的研究。被杨振宁评价称</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">他获得诺贝尔奖只是时间问题</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2013</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年张首晟教授与其斯坦福的学生谷安佳博士联合创立丹华资本,专注于投资美国与中国的科技创业领域的投资,而丹华资本恰好被美国</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">301</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">计划频频点名!</span><br />
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 24.0pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpWAKW3uouwmfJS3WZVjhwRuHYqPm7E_pt5Vt2TN_9cIyAAG_16WYMcUdilYDdlfNPceFvQ9ajIqtHDdtOsXfE8yjPv4hSeHEKyl3zsEwAIzotbFV9rlJI9KQB5z7WThVBKAJgpQ/s1600/jpeg4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="740" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpWAKW3uouwmfJS3WZVjhwRuHYqPm7E_pt5Vt2TN_9cIyAAG_16WYMcUdilYDdlfNPceFvQ9ajIqtHDdtOsXfE8yjPv4hSeHEKyl3zsEwAIzotbFV9rlJI9KQB5z7WThVBKAJgpQ/s640/jpeg4.jpg" width="592" /></a></span></b> </span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: black; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">在</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">2018</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: black; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">年</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">11</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: black; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">月</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">20</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: black; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">日,美国发布的更新版</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">301</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: black; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">调查报告中指,中共利用其支持的风险投资公司对美国新创进行少数股权的小额投资,就可以简单获得与美国最新技术相关资讯。报告中就点名了张首晟创办的丹华资本</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">。</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://news.moniu.com/xinwen/43612</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2018</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">11</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">20</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">日,美国贸易代表办公室更新的《</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">301</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">调查报告》中,曾点名丹华资本、</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Plug&Play</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">和</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">KiloAngel</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">等基金,报告通过调查上述机构近年来在美投资标的等信息,意图说明这些公司通过风险投资获得美国技术,以便在中国政府认为具有战略意义的领域建立中国公司。张首晟创办的丹华资本被点名,说是往中国转移技术。</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">30</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">日,张首晟跟孟晚舟(华为</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">CFO</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">,任正非女儿)吃了饭。次日,</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">12</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">月</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">日,孟在加拿大被捕,当天,张</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">跳楼自杀</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">。】</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">丹华资本涉中美贸易摩擦风波,丹华资本董事长正是张首晟,丹华资本正在被美国政府和官员调查。因此,美国警方结论已出,是自杀,并且已经结案:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.sohu.com/a/280015943_115060</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【据凤凰科技报道,张首晟斯坦福校友告知,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">从</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">9</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">楼还是</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">19</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">楼跳下来的。前一天周五还在和丹华的律所</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">fund</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">组开会。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">凤凰网科技还就此消息向美图公司董事长蔡文胜求证,蔡文胜确认了张首晟已经去世的消息。据人民日报消息,美国当地警方认为是自杀,目前已经结案。】</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">也有人说,张首晟是一位跨界科学家,不仅研究工作做得出色,而且投资做的也风生水起:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2013</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,张首晟与自己的学生谷安佳博士联合创立丹华资本。丹华资本通过两支基金总共募集</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.345</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">亿美元资金。投中网数据显示,丹华资本在区块链技术、区块链应用和数字货币领域共计投资事件金额达到约</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.88</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">亿元。当前,丹华资本官网投资项目显示,基金共投出消费与金融科技项目</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">18</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">个;区块链项目</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">42</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">个;大数据项目</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">24</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">个;生命科学项目</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">16</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">个。】</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">参考:丹华资本创始人张首晟去世:跨界创业</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">5</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">70%</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">投区块链、金融科技</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1619076340087665768&wfr=spider&for=pc"><span style="color: blue;">hao.baidu.com/s?id=1619076340087665768&wfr=spider&for=pc</span></a></span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">从上述情况看,张首晟在区块链及数字货币方面的投资,不到</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">亿多美元的一半。因此,美国资本控制的媒体散播的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">张首晟因投资的比特币和区块链近期暴跌而跳楼</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">的说法尚无足够证据,这很可能就是彻头彻尾的给美帝洗地的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">阴谋论</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">。</span><br />
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 24.0pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihZjUxZpIMyd14GRo4j8L2TcQc77hTpUrqjmrittkRbn2W56d7SqOLg0G6ARZYMMCX3e7c7VfyArJMifN1c1eRXjr7AeX8EoH6jWAzhLKl8WFGaGx5f4UUz6oiNfOwfNXGZyf2_w/s1600/jpeg9.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="400" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihZjUxZpIMyd14GRo4j8L2TcQc77hTpUrqjmrittkRbn2W56d7SqOLg0G6ARZYMMCX3e7c7VfyArJMifN1c1eRXjr7AeX8EoH6jWAzhLKl8WFGaGx5f4UUz6oiNfOwfNXGZyf2_w/s640/jpeg9.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></b> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">相反,张首晟的研究的确和新一代芯片与人工智能技术有密切的关联,而据<b>中国驻旧金山领事馆等介绍和推荐,</b>张首晟因<b>积极参与和中国科研院所的合作,直接促成中国在量子反常霍尔效应、拓扑绝缘体(在芯片等领域有革命性价值)以及新近的外尔半金属等领域的国际领先地位,因此张首晟在</b>北京人民大会堂举办的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2017</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">年度国家科学技术奖励大会上获<b>国际科学技术合作奖。可能正因为如此,</b>张首晟被美国政府和情报机构盯上了,被美国的<b>《</b></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">301</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">调查报告》频频点名批判。</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">众所周知,美国特朗普政府已经针对中国的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">千人计划</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">等项目、针对一些帮助中国发展科学技术的在美科学家和企业制定了史无前例的遏制、扼杀措施,其中是否包括对一些非常重要的项目和人才采取极端手段?按照美国的<b>《</b></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">301</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">调查报告》</span></b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">及张首晟在科技界的影响力<b>,</b>张首晟有很大概率是美国特朗普政府情报机构重点关注的人物之一。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">按照特朗普这届政府全面回归传统的邪恶的帝国主义风格来看,这当然也是不能排除的,只不过目前这一结论更多停留在推理层面。尽管目前所披露的事实和这一逻辑是大体吻合的,但是由于直接信息在美国警方那里目前尚未披露,也不能排除其他可能。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">【关舆,察网专栏作家。】</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">「赞同、支持、鼓励!」</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">标签:</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">
</span><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cwzg.cn/e/tags/?tagname=%E4%B8%B9%E5%8D%8E%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC" target="_blank"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue;">丹华资本</span></a></span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">
</span><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cwzg.cn/e/tags/?tagname=%E5%BC%A0%E9%A6%96%E6%99%9F" target="_blank"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue;">张首晟</span></a></span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">
</span><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cwzg.cn/e/tags/?tagname=%E5%AD%9F%E6%99%9A%E8%88%9F%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" target="_blank"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue;">孟晚舟事件</span></a></span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cwzg.cn/e/tags/?tagname=%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%BA" target="_blank"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue;">华为</span></a></span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">
</span><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cwzg.cn/e/tags/?tagname=%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E6%88%98" target="_blank"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue;">中美贸易战</span></a></span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.cwzg.cn/history/201812/45940.html" target="_blank"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue;">郑州李爷:蒋公,鬼子投降都找不到你啊!</span></a></span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></b></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">全世界同盟国大反攻了,鬼子还找不到国军</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">……</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">蒋公啊!美国人给日本丢了两颗原子弹,苏联人要收拾关东军了,中共都发出最后一战的号召猛烈反攻了,你还在峨眉山看月亮!真是被鬼子打怕了的节奏啊!就在蒋公给冈村宁次下了命令后,美国总统杜鲁门解释说:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">假如我们让日本人立即放下他们的武器,并且向海边开去,那么整个中国就将会被共产党人争过去。因此,我们便命令日本人守着他们的岗位和维持秩序。等到蒋介石的军队一到,日本军队便向他们投降。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">杜鲁门再次说明了,鬼子四周都是八爷四爷及抗联那一群大爷等等我人民武装大爷啊!</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">郑州李爷</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> 352502018-12-02</span></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.cwzg.cn/politics/201812/46010.html" target="_blank"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue;">孟晚舟事件表明必须放弃幻想做持久战准备</span></a></span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></b></div>
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<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">本次事件,可能与多年前的一桩旧案有关。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Skycom Tech Co</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">公司曾经试图向伊朗最大手机运营商出售惠普的设备,至少有</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">13</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">页的</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Skycom</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">提议书标有</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">华为机密</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">字样,并带有华为公司</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Logo</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">。惠普称这些设备都是属于禁运范围内,且孟晚舟当时恰恰担任香港</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Skycom Tech Co</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">公司的董事。某大国此举,有可能是想以孟晚舟为突破口,力图找出一丝半屡华为向伊朗输出禁运商品的证据。耐人寻味的是,本次事件恰逢中美元首会谈之际,出现这种事情,有以下几个原因:一是美国缺乏谈判诚意。二是美方内部不和谐。帝国主义亡我之心不死,对于贸易摩擦,国人一定要做好持久战准备。</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cwzg.cn/column/tieliu.html" target="_blank" title="铁流"><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; font-family: "pmingliu" , serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">铁流</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span></a></span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">273802018-12-06</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-7778921679910645552018-10-27T11:50:00.000-07:002018-10-27T14:03:53.410-07:00Sri Lanka, Rajapaksa--and China--Back in Geopolitical Play<span style="font-size: large;"><i>[The news that the president of Sri Lanka, </i><i>Maithripala Sirisena, had <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-10-27/sri-lanka-president-maithripala-sirisena-sacks-prime-minister2/10436912">dumped his prime minister and instead elevated ex-President Mahinda Rajapaksa</a>--whom he had defeated in the 2015 election--gives me a chance to re-up a piece from 2012 on Sri Lankan politics and China.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Sirisena's election was the result of a pretty blatant piece of jiggery-pokery by RAW, India's notorious and notoriously ham-fisted Research and Intelligence Wing spook outfit. </i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>The circumstances were so obvious that they were reported in the Western press as well as South Asian outfits--see <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sri-lanka-election-india-insight/indian-spys-role-alleged-in-sri-lankan-presidents-election-defeat-idUSKBN0KR03020150118">Indian spy's alleged role in Sri Lankan president's election defeat</a>--but nobody made a big fuss about this foreign influence/election meddling/creeping tentacles of illiberal authoritarianism story because Rajapaksa was in tight with China and India and the United States both wanted him out.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>The close ties between the People's Republic of China and Rajapaksa, by the way, account for the construction of the notorious white elephant Hanbantota port in Rajapaksa's home town during the era of Hu Jintao.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>I provide a thoroughgoing debunking of the "Hanbantota debt trap" myth eagerly peddled by the China-containment crowd--and keystoned by a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/world/asia/china-sri-lanka-port.html">New York Times article</a> transparently designed to use the issue to frustrate Rajapaksa's return to power--in this China Watch piece of mine over at Newsbud (subscription or Vimeo rental required).</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/A_TxnJZm6TM" width="560"></iframe> </i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Now Sirisena, instead of doing good client-y things for India, <a href="https://srilankamirror.com/news/11042-maithri-murder-plot-saga-conflicting-versions-pointing-to-inconsistencies-with-gosl-the-hindu">accused RAW of trying to murder him...or not</a>, and brought Rajapaksa into the government. </i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Assuming that India has not shed its addiction to ham-fisted intervention in its near beyond (Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka) and the People's Republic of China is still interested in exploiting Indian overreach (despite the apparent warming of PRC-Indian relations), the jostling in Sri Lanka might get pretty severe.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Below is a piece I wrote on the situation in Sri Lankan geopolitics back in 2012. Basically, at the cost of billions of dollars and thousands of lives, Rajapaksa and the People's Republic of China allied to annihilate the Tamil insurgency while the West discretely looked the other way. Now that the threat had been removed, it was time to coordinate an Indian/US campaign to get Rajapaksa out and get Sri Lanka out of China's sphere of influence and back into the Indian fold.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>The Sirisena/Rajapaksa/RAW drama is simply the latest chapter in a long, bloody tale of Indian overreach and PRC opportunism.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>As a final note, now the "War on Terror" is in the rear-view mirror as a Western geopolitical concern and we're into the "China Cold War" space, there might be some interest in resurrecting support for "struggles for national determination" in places like Xinjiang in order to wrongfoot the PRC.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i> Though the actual fate of the Uyghurs--as opposed to their geostrategic utility--may not be the decisive factor in U.S. calculations, it is worth remembering that the PRC participated in perhaps the only successful counterinsurgency war in this century, and is presumably ready to apply the lessons learned to Xinjiang if the need arises.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>This piece appears on China Matters by permission of Asia Times, the copyright holder. Parties interested in reposting this piece should contact Asia Times for permission. </i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><i>PL 10/27/2018] </i><b> </b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/NC31Ad02.html"><b>Clouds on the Sri Lankan horizon for China</b></a></span><br />
<br />
China's relationship with the regime of
Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa is rock
solid. Chinese arms were instrumental in the
defeat of the Tamil Tigers in 2009 that brought
their insurgency to an end after 27 bloody years.
China is the largest provider of foreign aid and
investment to the island. <br />
<br />
And on March 22,
when the United Nations' Human Rights Council
(UNHRC) considered a resolution censuring Sri
Lanka for shortcomings in its investigation of
possible violations of international law during
the war, and a deficit of credible post-conflict
reconciliation initiatives, Beijing voted "no" -
while India voted "yes". <br />
<br />
Thanks in
significant part to India's vote and example, the
resolution - which the Sri Lankan government was extremelyanxious to see fail, and
had dispatched a 72-person team to Geneva to lobby
against - passed. <br />
<br />
Sifting through the
wreckage, Sri Lankan media noted that, if
abstentions were counted with the "no" votes, the
resolution had carried by only one vote - India's.
<br />
<br />
As for China, as the Ceylon Daily News put
it - albeit reporting on remarks of the less than
influential "Listeners Association of China Radio
International in Sri Lanka" - "China's support at
UNHRC highly appreciated". [1] <br />
<br />
By a
calculus that was made with considerable frequency
in the Indian media, the UNHRC vote was an own
goal by India, needlessly antagonizing Sri Lanka
and pushing it even more closely into the arms of
China. <br />
<br />
Some characterized the vote as
little more than rather ignoble truckling to the
Congress Party's coalition partner, the Dravida
Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), whose power base is the
ethnically Tamil state of Tamil Nadu - the
motherland of Sri Lanka's Hindu Tamils, who have
often been at loggerheads with the indigenous,
Buddhist Sinhalese who make up 74% of Sri Lanka's
population. [2] <br />
<br />
Supporting the narrative
of Indian dithering was a letter from Prime
Minister Singh to Rajapaksa stating that India had
insisted that the resolution had been watered
down, or as an Indian briefer told the media:
<br />
<blockquote>
"We have always had a problem with
the Western approach of telling countries that
they 'must accept' or 'must do' something." That
is why India insisted that the language of the
resolution be changed to remove that element,"
he added. "Once we got that, we voted for it."
[3]</blockquote>
However, this picture of apparent
Indian fecklessness is belied by the fact that the
UNHRC resolution was tabled by the United States,
which is eager to promote Indian interests in
South Asia. The United States insistently lobbied
India to vote for the resolution. The Tamil factor
is virtually non-existent in American politics, so
it can safely be said that the United States was
not heedlessly hoisting India on a cleft stick in
the service of some other American agenda.
<br />
<br />
The US initiative appears to have been a
calculated effort to wean India away from fear of
its neighbors playing "the China card" to extort
diplomatic and economic concessions from New
Delhi. What we seem to be seeing is New Delhi,
under American tutelage, employing the Barack
Obama administration's preferred tactic for
dealing with problematic regimes: identifying weak
points to exploit, ratcheting up international and
multilateral pressure on those points, and then
balancing the pressure with occasional concessions
and positive initiatives. <br />
<br />
In other words,
the old carrot and stick, with the stick coming
first. <br />
It means that, in a rather risky
move, the United States and India are threatening
to put Sri Lankan government's intensely fraught
relationship with its restive Tamil minority into
play if Colombo does not direct its politics and
diplomacy into channels that Washington and New
Delhi deem appropriate - and Beijing regards with
utter dismay. <br />
<br />
Rajapaksa - and China - are
to a large extent victims of their own success in
utterly crushing the Tamil Tigers insurgency.
<br />
<br />
In 2009, the Sri Lankan army did not
pursue an objective of defeat of the Tamil Tigers.
Its goal was absolute annihilation. <br />
<br />
In the
end-game of the war, the Tigers - and hundreds of
thousands of ethnic Tamil civilians - were
cornered on a tiny spit of land on the northeast
coast in the region of Vanni. Military targets,
civilians and hospitals were pounded with
artillery; then the army moved in from three sides
and, according to credible reports and evidence,
fought their way in with little if any regard for
civilian casualties, resulting in perhaps as many
as 40,000 deaths. <br />
<br />
Vellupillai Prabhakaran,
the leader of the Liberation Tigers of Talim
Eelam, or LTTE, and most of the top cadres died in
battle or shortly afterward. For some, surrender
does not appear to have been an option. Captured
Tamil fighters and members of the Tiger political
and bureaucratic apparatus - because the Tigers
had exercised de facto control over a significant
swath of territory at one time - were summarily
liquidated. Victims included Prabhakaran's
12-year-old son, who was apparently executed by
the Sri Lankan army, together with five escorts
who were trying to deliver him to safety or
surrender. <br />
<br />
The Western world and India
were willing to turn a blind eye toward the bloody
excesses of the Sri Lankan army in 2009 because
the Tigers were a truly nasty bunch that had worn
out its geopolitical welcome. <br />
<br />
In the early
years of the movement, Tamil self-determination
had developed a significant international cachet
along the lines of the Palestinian Liberation
Organization. In 1987, India parachuted food
parcels into the Tamil stronghold of Jaffna in
order to help rebels withstand a Sri Lankan army
siege. <br />
<br />
India's Research and Analysis Wing
(RAW) trained Tamil fighters - including the
Tigers and five other groups that RAW, in its
wisdom, decided it could play off against each
other - in camps in southern India as part of a
strategy to project Indian power into Sri Lanka.
<br />
<br />
Instead, the Tigers assassinated the
leadership of the pro-Indian Tamil militants and
absorbed their fighters into the LTTE. In 1987,
India - with Sri Lankan consent - sent a
peacekeeping force into northern Sri Lanka that
quickly came into conflict with its erstwhile
clients, the unrepentantly militant Tamil Tigers.
<br />
<br />
India fought a bloody and unsatisfying
campaign against the Tigers before withdrawing in
1990. Subsequently, Prabhakaran ordered the
assassination of premier Rajiv Gandhi. The killing
- ironically carried out by a militant trained in
a RAW camp - guaranteed the hostility of the
Indian government toward the Tigers. <br />
<br />
The
LTTE allegedly pioneered the use of the suicide
vest, engaging in almost 400 attacks over 20
years, including attacks that killed Gandhi and,
in 1993, the president of Sri Lanka, Ranasinghe
Premadasa. The LTTE ethnically cleansed the Muslim
population of the areas it controlled, expelling
an estimated 72,000 people. <br />
<br />
In a notorious
incident, LTTE cadres bound, blindfolded and
executed 600 Sri Lankan police officers who had
surrendered to them on the instructions of the
Colombo government in a confrontation in 1990
during a ceasefire period. The LTTE's sympathizers
explained these incidents as matters of military
and revolutionary necessity, but the fact remains
that the LTTE, a militant organization organized
along Leninist principles, were not loathe to take
the bloodiest path out of their challenges.
<br />
<br />
European powers, especially Norway, still
tried to broker a peace deal. However, after 9/11
armed struggles of national liberation were passe
and the Tamil Tigers were slotted squarely in the
terrorist category, classified as a terrorist
organization by 32 nations including India, the
United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the
European Union. Their sources of funding and arms
were attacked and, when the end came, the UN and
the Western powers made only the most ineffectual
efforts to broker a settlement that would
forestall the utter destruction of the LTTE.
<br />
<br />
However, it was China and not the West
that played the crucial role in supporting the
final Sri Lankan army campaign against the Tigers.
<br />
<br />
Major Neil Smith, Operations Officer of
the US Army and Marine Corps Counter-insurgency
Center from 2007 through 2009, rather enviously
described the no-holds-barred "Rajapaksa Model"
and the Chinese support that it relied on:
<br />
<blockquote>
Beginning in 2005, China stepped in
to provide an additional $1 billion of military
and financial aid annually, allowing Sri Lanka to
sever the strings attached to Western aid
regarding the conduct of anti-LTTE operations.
In exchange for the aid, China received
development rights for port facilities and other
investments ...<br />
<br />
<br />
China's aid enabled
the Sri Lankan government to attain the military
superiority needed to defeat the LTTE. The Sri
Lankan military budget rose by 40 percent
between 2005 and 2008, and the army's size
increased by 70 percent, an addition of nearly
3,000 troops per month. <br />
<br />
China provided
more than simple financial support. It and
several other states furnished the government
with crucial political cover in the United
Nations. Western countries long demanded that
Sri Lanka respect human rights and avoid
civilian casualties as a condition of continued
aid. The government viewed these conditions as a
hindrance to its ability to defeat the LTTE. The
substitution of Western military aid with that
from China enabled the government to disregard
Western concerns about human rights and pursue
its campaign of attrition unimpeded. China
prevented introduction of resolutions at the
United Nations critical of Sri Lanka's renewed
offensive, giving it a free hand in the conduct
of its operations despite the protests of human
rights groups and Western governments. [4]
</blockquote>
Cornered in Vanni in early 2009, the
LTTE used the over 200,000 civilian refugees on
the peninsula as human shields, stationing cadres
to shoot those who tried to escape and forcibly
impressing children as young as 14 into the Tigers
for use as front-line cannon fodder. <br />
<br />
The
last weeks were a nightmare as the Sri Lankan army
advanced behind barrages of artillery fire that,
among other locations, apparently targeted the
makeshift hospitals that, at the beginning, may
have had wards for Tiger fighters but at the end
were scenes of total chaos and undifferentiated
horror as doctors, without antibiotics,
anesthetics, or transfusion supplies, and no other
means to treat many wounds other than amputation,
hacked off limbs of shrapnel victims with butcher
knives and stacked the arms and legs in piles.
<br />
<br />
Rajapaksa made the ludicrous claim that
the final battle against the Tiger stronghold was
"the biggest hostage rescue operation in the
world". <br />
<br />
The Red Cross, whose attempts to
deliver aid were largely frustrated by the Sri
Lankan government, described the final days at
Vanni as "an unimaginable humanitarian
catastrophe". [5] <br />
<br />
Post-war, the dominant
picture has been of Sinhalese dominance and Tamil
subjugation. <br />
<br />
After the fall of Vanni,
250,000 traumatized Tamil internally displaced
people (IDPs) were herded into a gigantic camp
called Menik Farm under miserable conditions for
detention, screening, and, for the particularly
unlucky, designation by balaclava-clad Tamil
turncoats for harsh interrogation. <br />
<br />
<br />
The
International Crisis Group recently described the
situation in the defeated Tamil territories:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The slow but steady movement of
Sinhala settlers along the southern edges of the
province, often with military and central
government support and sometimes onto land
previously farmed or occupied by Tamils, is
particularly worrying. These developments are
consistent with a strategy - known to be
supported by important officials and advisers to
the president - to change "the facts on the
ground", as has already happened in the east,
and make it impossible to claim the north as a
Tamil-majority area deserving of
self-governance. <br />
<br />
Deepening
militarization of the province presents a threat
to long-term peace and stability. Far inexcess of any
legitimate need to protect against an LTTE
revival, the militarization of the north is
generating widespread fear and anger among
Tamils: indeed, the strategy being executed runs
the risk of inadvertently resurrecting what it
seeks to crush once and for all - the
possibility of violent Tamil insurrection. The
construction of large and permanent military
cantonments, the growing involvement of the
military in agricultural and commercial
activities, the seizure of large amounts of
private and state land, and the army's role in
determining reconstruction priorities are all
serious concerns. [6]</blockquote>
Today, Rajapaksa presides over a triumphalist Sinhalese state that is largely defined by its near-total victory over
the Tamil Tigers, a heavy handed occupation of
Tamil regions in northern and eastern Sri Lanka,
a reputation for dispatching unmarked white vans
to disappear critics, and a commitment to
manipulating and intimidating the press that
places it in the unenviable position of 163rd on
the Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom
Index. [7] <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
Its primary public relations
preoccupation is deflecting attention from the
civilian victims at Vanni, since acknowledgment
of their victimhood and the circumstances behind
it would quite possibility implicate the Sri
Lankan Army and its entire command structure up
to the president in complicity in war crimes.
<br />
<br />
In March of 2011, the United Nations
made a powerful effort to breach the political
and legal defenses of the Rajapaksa government
with its "Report of the Secretary General's
Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri
Lanka". <br />
<br />
In
addition to persuasively documenting the suffering
at Vanni, the report made the explosive assertion
that, because of the inadequacies of the
government's quaintly named Lessons Learnt and
Reconciliation Commission in particular (deficient
in "best practices of truth seeking"; "deeply
flawed ... does not meet international standards
for an effective accountability mechanism" sniffed
the report) and the Sri Lankan legal system in
general in getting to the bottom of the war crimes
issue:
<br />
<blockquote>
The Secretary General should
immediately proceed to establish an independent
investigative mechanism ... to monitor and
access the extent to which the Government of Sri
Lanka is carrying out an effective
accountability process ... conduct
investigations independently into the alleged
violations ... collect and safeguard for
appropriate future use provided to it that is
relevant to accountability for the final stages
of the war ... [8]</blockquote>
In other words, the
recommendation is that the UN conduct an
independent investigation that undermines the
claims of the Rajapaksa administration as the
savior of Sri Lanka, openly discredits the
military and threatens its personnel with
prosecution ... and preserves the dossier for
"appropriate future use" ie criminal prosecution
against Rajapaksa and his associates for war
crimes if and when they leave office, no longer
enjoy immunity, and are vulnerable to the judicial
attentions of an unfriendly, opportunistic, or
righteous successor government. <br />
<br />
No wonder
the Rajapaksa government fought the March 22 UN
Human Rights Council resolution that uses the
expert's report as its foundation: if implemented,
it is not only a gun to the head of Sri Lanka's
government and military elite; it is an attack on
Sinhalese chauvinism that would provide
desperately needed political oxygen to the Tamil
opposition. <br />
<br />
International pressure on the
Sri Lankan government was intensified by the
release and extensive international circulation of
two documentaries in 2011 and 2012 by Britain's
Channel 4 on the theme of "Sri Lanka's Killing
Fields." Non-Governmental Organizations arranged
screenings of the original program for US,
British, and EU parliament politicians. [9]
<br />
<br />
The programs appeared to be the result of
close synergy between Channel 4 and sources in the
UN, with the documentaries replicating the
narrative of the expert's report and intensifying
it through the presentation of horrific videos,
including trophy footage of summary executions and
the apparent aftermath of rape-murders taken by
Sri Lankan army soldiers. <br />
<br />
Chinese support
in the Security Council should protect the
Rajapaksa government from international war crimes
prosecution. However, the main threat of the human
rights campaign is political, not legal.
<br />
<br />
With the Tigers and the moral and
political conundrum of their enthusiastic
commitment to terrorism out of the way and the
focus lasered on the brutality of the Sinhalese
regime, Sri Lanka's embattled Tamils - and the
vociferous Tamil diaspora - are once again
advancing their claims to improved treatment,
greater political autonomy ... and meaningful
support from the international community.
<br />
<br />
It is a call that New Delhi, now that Sri
Lanka's Tamil community has shed the hateful
incubus of the anti-India LTTE, is prepared,
however cautiously, to heed. <br />
<br />
It is a call
that the United States, for its usual complicated
reasons, appears ready to echo. <br />
<br />
As the Sri
Lankan situation evolved, the US State Department
gently prodded the Sri Lankan government on the
issue of reconciliation and kept a wary distance
from Tamil politicians. As late as November 2011,
the State Department snubbed a delegation from the
Tamil National Alliance, which has disavowed Tamil
independence and represents Tamil interests in the
Sri Lankan parliament. UN chief Ban Ki-moon did
not meet with the delegation, either. <br />
<br />
This
was apparently a demonstration, sincere or not, of
US and UN willingness to let Sri Lanka put its own
house in order before tabling the UNHRC
resolution. <br />
<br />
However, by late February 2012
the Obama administration's key point man for Sri
Lanka, Assistant Secretary of State for South and
Central Asian Affairs Robert Blake met with the
"Tamils for Obama", a rather marginal and misnamed
political grouping whose primary enthusiasm is for
Tamil independence rather than President Obama's
policies:
<br />
<blockquote>
"We also handed him a copy of our
Referendum in Sri Lanka to Gain
Self-determination for Tamils," said a press
spokesman for Tamils for Obama, "It is modeled
on the one that was recently voted on in
southern Sudan, and which led to the creation of
the new country of South Sudan. We hope for a
similar referendum and result in northeastern
Sri Lanka. <br />
<br />
"We also gave him a second
copy which we asked him to pass along to
Secretary of State Clinton. He promised it would
be done, and immediately passed the copy along
to a subordinate official to take to Secretary
Clinton." [10]</blockquote>
As to where all this
combination of domestic oppression and righteous
international finger-wagging might lead, maybe it
is "Springtime in Colombo", as the Lanka Standard
speculated on February 20:
<br />
<blockquote>
There is also a growing apprehension
within the government that they are at the
receiving end of a possible strategy of "Regime
Change" propelled by external intervention.
Government members have been seeing a foreign
hand not only in the issue of war crimes but
also behind the economic unrest that is growing
amongst the general population ... <br />
<br />
In
his Independence Day speech, President Rajapaksa
warned against those who aspired for an "Arab
Spring" type of uprising… [11]</blockquote>
An Arab
Spring-style eruption against Rajapaksa is
unlikely in the short term. Despite his
government's excesses, he still basks in the aura
of the victory over the Tigers and strong support
from a Sinhalese majority that has limited
sympathy for the Tamils. At the same time, he is
headed into a political cul-de-sac. <br />
<br />
His
government lacks the credibility, will, and
resources to achieve reconciliation with the
Tamils. If the Sri Lankan government's callous
policy of oppression of the Tamils and military
occupation and creeping Sinhalization of the Tamil
homelands backfires and a new political crisis
erupts, any attempt to repeat the military
solution of 2009 will be met with a united chorus
of international condemnation and Chinese arms and
support will avail him little. <br />
<br />
It will be
India that possesses the ability to act as an
honest broker and offer a measure of protection,
support, and a future to the embattled Tamils of
Sri Lanka. <br />
<br />
This Indian role - and
displacement, at least in part, of Chinese
influence in Sri Lanka - is something the United
States will be keen to promote, using its ability
to orchestrate pressure on the Sri Lankan regime.
<br />
<br />
One gets a picture of the levers available
to the United States when one considers that Sri
Lanka purchases over 90% of its oil from Iran and
currently relies on a waiver graciously granted by
the United States in order to continue its imports
without suffering sanctions to its banking system.
<br />
<br />
America's benevolence has its limits,
however. <br />
<br />
Assuming that Rajapaksa continues
with his current policies of Sinhalese chauvinism
and political repression, whatever he tries to do
in the area of reconciliation will probably be
judged inadequate by the United States - until he
is enticed into a process of reconciliation that
place India's good offices, and its ability to
manage the Tamil brief more effectively than the
Sri Lankan government itself - at the center of
Sri Lanka's ethnic politics. <br />
<br />
Ironically,
it may be China's contribution to the destruction
of the Tamil Tigers that opens the door to New
Delhi's return to a position of significant
influence in Sri Lanka and a decline in Beijing's
clout. <br />
<br />
<i><b>Notes</b></i> <br />
1. <a href="http://www.dailynews.lk/2012/03/29/news21.asp">'China's
support at UNHRC highly appreciated'</a>, Daily
News, Mar 29, 2012. <br />
2. <a href="http://www.firstpost.com/politics/karunanidhis-eelam-dream-is-a-curse-on-lanka-tamils-253154.html">Karunanidhi's
'Eelam dream' is a curse on Lanka Tamils</a>,
FirstPost, Mar 23, 2012.<br />
3. <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3220236.ece">Resolution
'balanced', Manmohan tells Rajapaksa</a>, The
Hindu, Mar 24, 2012.<br />
4. <a href="http://www.ndu.edu/press/understanding-sri-lanka.html">Understanding
Sri Lanka's Defeat of the Tamil Tigers</a>, NDU,
4th Quarter, 2010. <br />
5. <a href="http://www.ndu.edu/press/understanding-sri-lanka.html">Report
of the Secretary-General's Panel of Experts on
Accountability in Sri Lanka</a>, UN, Mar 31
2011.<br />
6. <a href="http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-asia/sri-lanka/219-sri-lankas-north-i-the-denial-of-minority-rights.aspx">Sri
Lanka's North I: The Denial of Minority
Rights</a>, Crisis Group, Mar 16, 2012.<br />
7. <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17356575">Sri
Lanka's sinister white van abductions</a>, BBC,
Mar 14, 2012. <a href="http://www.colombopage.com/archive_12/Jan26_1327523807CH.php">Sri
Lanka drops in World Press Freedom Index</a>,
Colombo Page, Jan 26, 2012.<br />
8. <a href="http://www.ndu.edu/press/understanding-sri-lanka.html">Report
of the Secretary-General's Panel of Experts on
Accountability in Sri Lanka</a>, UN, Mar 31 2011,
Page 120.<br />
9. <a href="http://www.channel4.com/programmes/sri-lankas-killing-fields/4od#3303398">Sri
Lanka's killing fields</a>, Channel4, mar 14,
2012.<br />
10. <a href="http://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/tamils-for-obama-meets-with-blake-on-29th-feb/">Tamils
For Obama Meets With Blake On 29th Feb</a>,
Colombo Telegraph, March 27, 2012.<br />
11. <a href="http://www.lankastandard.com/2012/02/sri-lanka-government-fears-strategy-of-regime-change-through-external-intervention/">Sri
Lanka: Government fears strategy of "Regime
Change" through external intervention</a>, Lanka
Standard, Feb 20, 2012. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com104tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-3381968398713464372018-09-19T15:17:00.000-07:002018-09-19T15:44:26.095-07:00August 2018 Republic of China Mainland Affairs Council Survey of Popular Attitudes on Cross Strait Relations<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<i>click on individual graphs to enlarge. Image source <a href="https://ws.mac.gov.tw/001/Upload/295/relfile/7837/73154/2a53ac57-505d-458b-8bbe-6c1e0616aaea.pdf">here</a>.</i> </div>
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Trendlines for Unfication, Independence, and Maintaining Status Quo</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuiNklxIBu4lI-2dF1gSvCdvd4ES1lqehQEJHNwnrcBHObWvvcnDHLNzkMngNAegYKeT6yU0iqyvYNyX9E_QcXxaqG0t_5cHzmACB1amS6B0NzUHh-wkcdbY2Bsqlxd9rkQD1mnA/s1600/1071.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="551" data-original-width="1370" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuiNklxIBu4lI-2dF1gSvCdvd4ES1lqehQEJHNwnrcBHObWvvcnDHLNzkMngNAegYKeT6yU0iqyvYNyX9E_QcXxaqG0t_5cHzmACB1amS6B0NzUHh-wkcdbY2Bsqlxd9rkQD1mnA/s640/1071.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: cyan;">Maintain status quo, decide later</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">Maintain status quo perpetually</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta;">Maintain status quo, independence afterwards</span></div>
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<span style="color: yellow;">Maintain status quo, unification afterwards</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Unification as soon as possible</span></div>
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Percentage Chart, Popular Attitudes for Unification, Independence, or Maintaining Status Quo</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7deGHDADryeg9QzkBbzuXTsvsty2lkEMRfQQa_NsZfRMzturvlw68QL1594Tm5NCX213IoWEeaYmty4-H6CbSMbzaV_M3JnlmJlQQ3-7XFSLjPcY7bZIy3OZncyNd9_eLlmFqhw/s1600/1072.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="1312" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7deGHDADryeg9QzkBbzuXTsvsty2lkEMRfQQa_NsZfRMzturvlw68QL1594Tm5NCX213IoWEeaYmty4-H6CbSMbzaV_M3JnlmJlQQ3-7XFSLjPcY7bZIy3OZncyNd9_eLlmFqhw/s640/1072.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: magenta;">Maintain status quo</span></div>
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<span style="color: yellow;">Maintain status quo, afterwards unification</span></div>
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<span style="color: cyan;">Maintain status quo, decide later</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">Maintain status quo in perpetuity</span></div>
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Popular Attitudes Concerning Speed of Exchanges Across the Straits</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiILCBSpTIwm-06iN9WT9424JyYzMdP8TuCqL2RstXAuOvC5f-fYodv0u4uTBnutPL8ivTWwQsxLc792hV5KVRdmtPUD1XwEkA5WVewFJ-rbcsTIc9UEJvtJ-lHNOJsszXl-5ETuw/s1600/1073.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="1293" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiILCBSpTIwm-06iN9WT9424JyYzMdP8TuCqL2RstXAuOvC5f-fYodv0u4uTBnutPL8ivTWwQsxLc792hV5KVRdmtPUD1XwEkA5WVewFJ-rbcsTIc9UEJvtJ-lHNOJsszXl-5ETuw/s640/1073.png" width="640" /></a> </div>
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<span style="color: lime;">Too slow</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Just right</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;">Don't know<span style="background-color: white;"></span></span></div>
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Popular Perception of Mainland Government Hostility Toward Us</div>
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com43tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-87041647355043450932018-06-21T12:48:00.000-07:002018-06-21T19:56:23.298-07:00"Little Reunion": Eileen Chang gets another turn in the revisionist meatgrinder<span style="font-size: large;"><i>"Eileen Chang's fractured legacy" is a piece I wrote for Asia Times way back in 2009, when Chang's "Little Reunion" received its first posthumous publication in Chinese to much excitement in Taiwan and also, remarkably, on the Chinese mainland.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Now the English translation has come out and has occasioned a spate of articles seeking to place Eileen Chang and her apolitical and alienated artistic vision in a contemporary context.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>The most noteworthy effort is probably "<a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2018/06/07/eileen-chang-before-the-revolution/">Before the Revolution</a>", an essay by Louisa Chiang and Perry Link at the New York Review of Books. </i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>It places the "Little Reunion" fad of a few years back in the context of "Republican fever", which the authors interpret as a subversive nostalgia for the Republican era of intellectual ferment and artistic achievement that contrasts with the "ethical and intellectual wasteland" the authors see in the contemporary PRC.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>I think a more authentic context for the Eileen Chang craze was an effort by the CCP to present itself as heir to the achievements and aspirations of "Greater China" including the KMT years on the mainland and the Chinese community on Taiwan. </i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>This effort culminated in the massive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_China_Victory_Day_Parade">2015 China Victory Parade</a> in Beijing, commemorating the 60th anniversary of Japan's surrender in World War II. The KMT officially declined its invitation but an ex-chairman of the KMT did attend, inviting accusations that the now-pro-mainland KMT was complicit in CCP attempts to erase the leading role of the KMT (and minor role of the CCP) in resisting Japan during the Second World War. </i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>On the Eileen Chang front, the PRC gave full support to Taiwanese filmmaker Ang Lee's NC-17 Shanghai production of Lust, Caution (Eileen Chang's first go-round at wrestling with the issues of shame and complicity that she addressed in Little Reunion) in order to burnish the PRC's credentials as a Greater China nexus for cultural achievement, while insisting that the final, degrading denouement get fudged in the interests of Chinese national honor. I wrote about it <a href="http://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2009/04/backstory-of-collaboration-and-betrayal.html">here</a>. </i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>So observations of a spontaneous public "Republican fever" breaking out in the PRC should be taken with a grain of salt, especially as they pertain to Eileen Chang.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>The "Greater China" gambit fizzled with the defeat of the KMT in the Taiwan election of 2016 and the election of independence-oriented Tsai Ing-wen (who had criticized KMT participation in the parade). </i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Now, as can be seen from "Before the Revolution", the shoe is on the other foot, with critics of the CCP working to diminish and delegitimize the CCP as ruler of China, let alone the spiritual heir of "Greater China". Or as Chiang and Link put it, "</i></span><span style="font-size: large;"><i>The Republican era, whatever its flaws, seemed the last in which an authentic China could be found."</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Historical nihilism (the code word for denial of CCP legitimacy and achievements) backatcha! Who will triumph in this goat rodeo of competing Hegelian-idealist historical narratives?</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Eileen Chang, however, is not a particularly effective poster child for the glories of the Republican era. Leaving aside the acrid taste of shame and degradation that infuses "Little Reunion" at her sexual complicity with a Japanese collaborator, the key modern trend in Eileen Chang studies--and the factor that delayed publication of Little Reunion until after her death--was a "Republican craze" on Taiwan that denigrated her importance and achievements in favor of her ex-husband Hu Lancheng.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>The phenomenon persists today, with famed filmmaker Hou Hsiao-hsien collaborating with one of the leading lights of the anti-Chang faction to diminish her legacy. </i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>It appears Eileen Chang wrote "Little Reunion" in large part to process her feeling that she had been effectively marginalized and rejected both by the Communist mainland and Republican Taiwan.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>So, if you want to tie the Eileen Chang story into a neat historical bow, you can say she belongs to no one...and everyone.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>This piece is reproduced at China Matters with the permission of Asia Times, which holds the copyright, and cannot be further reproduced without permission from Asia Times. </i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>CH, 6/21/2018 </i></span><b> </b></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Eileen Chang's fractured legacy</b></span><br />
By Peter Lee
<br />
<br />
In 1976, Eileen Chang's close friend, Stephen Soong, earnestly advised her not
to risk her reputation as a cultural icon - and her position in the Taiwan
literary market - by publishing an autobiographical novel entitled <i>Little
Reunion</i>.
<br />
<br />
"You might not only lose your reputation, your livelihood in the Taiwan
literary arena might end and the goodwill accumulated over many years might be
swept away. I'm not saying this just to alarm you. I have a lot of experience
in PR, I've seen a lot, and I'm not pulling these fears out of thin air."
<br />
<br />
What a difference 30 years - and a hit movie, a sea-change in cultural attitudes and the rise of a pan-Greater China cult of celebrity - can
bring.
<br />
<br />
<i>Little Reunion</i> was published this year in Taiwan (February 24), Hong
Kong (February 28) and China (April 8) editions in a whirlwind of publicity and
sales.
<br />
<br />
<i>Little Reunion</i> is on the top of the best seller lists in Taiwan (where
it is in its eighth printing) and Hong Kong (sixth printing).
<br />
<br />
In China, the first printing of 300,000 copies sold out before the official
data of publication and a second printing of 100,000 has been ordered. The
Taiwan version (in traditional characters) came out a month earlier and has
already been bootlegged by China's indefatigable intellectual-property pirates.
The false promise of the downloadable text has been used as a lure by China's
equally indefatigable propagators of computer malware.
<br />
<br />
Well-heeled mainland buyers are also acquiring copies of the Hong Kong and
Taiwan editions to evade possible censorship of political and sexual themes and
get their Eileen Chang undiluted and uncut (the publisher insists that the
mainland version has not been snipped).
<br />
<br />
It's an odd fate for an instinctively elitist, introspective and apolitical
writer who wrote her greatest works in Japan-occupied Shanghai in the 1940s and
died alone in Los Angeles in 1995.
<br />
<br />
Chang is revered as China's first truly modern writer. Her sensibility could be
described as the acute social and emotional observation of Cao Xueqin (author
of <i>Dream of the Red Chamber</i>) filtered through the sensibility of
Virginia Woolf. She secured her fame with a series of jewel-like short stories
of manners, morals and folly including <i>The Golden Cangue</i> and <i>Love in a
Fallen City</i>. In 1957, the pre-eminent Chinese literary critic in the
West, Columbia University's C T Hsia, anointed her as the most gifted Chinese
writer to emerge in the 1940s.
<br />
<br />
Beyond Chang's literary merits, her emergence as a Greater China literary
celebrity can be attributed in part to the extremely public unwinding of her
intensely fraught bond with a traitor, <i>hanjian</i>, her first husband, the
pro-Japanese collaborator, Hu Lancheng.
<br />
<br />
Hu Lancheng was a literary figure of some note in 1940s China. He threw in his
lot with Wang Ching-wei, the one-time revolutionary, patriot and Kuomintang
(KMT) big-wheel who broke with Chiang Kai-shek and was installed by the
Japanese as the head of a puppet regime in Wuhan.
<br />
<br />
Hu was installed in the regime's Ministry of Propaganda and charged with
publishing Da Chu Bao, ie The Great Chu News, an attempt by the Japanese to
evoke memories of the glorious and ancient independent state of Chu as an
alternative focus for the loyalties of the residents of central China - as
Manchukuo was meant to encourage the centripetal tendencies of Northeast China.
<br />
<br />
During the period of Japanese occupation, Hu spent a good part of his time
pursuing literary and ultimately physical companionship in Shanghai with Eileen
Chang. They married in 1943.
<br />
<br />
Once Hu had bagged his literary trophy, he went to Wuhan to run Da Chu Bao -
and engage in a dalliance with a 17-year old nurse, Zhou Dexun.
<br />
<br />
Intelligent and charismatic, Hu was always aboil with ideas and ambitions.
<br />
<br />
Hu styled himself another Liu Bang - the brilliant, bootstrapping rebel who
overthrew the established order in the state of Chu 2,000 years before and
established the Han Dynasty.
<br />
<br />
He actively pursued the patronage of the Japanese officers who ran the regime
more or less behind the scenes, obtaining their backing for a Whampoa-style
military academy in Wuhan that would churn out cadres loyal to Hu.
<br />
<br />
In 1945, when Wang Ching-wei died and the Japanese surrendered, Hu's moment was
at hand. However, the military academy hadn't started up and Hu had no muscle
or money of his own.
<br />
<br />
Hu tried to jawbone the commanders of the Chinese forces holding onto Wuhan
into establishing it as an independent power center - instead of promptly
handing it over to Chiang Kai-shek - and using the local military stockpiles
provided by his Japanese friends to conduct a multi-year guerilla war in
central China's mountains.
<br />
<br />
However, his proposals fell on deaf ears and within two weeks the demoralized
and war-weary commanders in Wuhan capitulated to the Chunking government.
<br />
<br />
Hu, his transgressions upgraded from feckless collaborator to genuine traitor
against Chiang Kai-shek's KMT, went on the run, eventually bringing his
criminal baggage and philandering habits to Wenzhou for a brief and disastrous
reunion with Eileen Chang that has achieved legendary status.
<br />
<br />
Chang had learned of Hu's whereabouts from a mutual friend and surprised him in
his sanctuary. The visit was 20 days of pure misery. Hu, preoccupied with
rationalizing and coping with the utter collapse of his ambitions and the
threat of execution hanging over his head, clearly regarded Chang as a closed
chapter in his life.
<br />
<br />
During his fugitive wanderings through central China, Hu had taken up with an
accommodating 40-year-old widow Fan Xiumei, whose education had gone no further
than the local sericulture school. Hu apparently did not miss the intellectual
stimulation; more importantly, Fan provided him with the added security of
making it possible to travel as a couple, and also assiduously tended to his
needs.
<br />
<br />
Chang tried to make the best of it during awkward meetings in her hotel, and
offered to paint Fan's portrait. But when it came time to sketch Fan's mouth,
she was unable to proceed, telling Hu she could not continue because “[Fan's]
mouth looked more and more like yours”.
<br />
<br />
Chang wasn't even second in line in Hu's catalog of girlfriends. Hu proclaimed
his continued infatuation with the young and delectable Zhou Dexun, who was by
this time incarcerated in Wuhan.
<br />
<br />
When Chang tried to force Hu to choose between her and the absent nurse - whom
it was clear that Hu would never see again - Hu refused. Rejected, miserable
and tearful, Chang returned to Shanghai, aware that her marriage, such as it
was, was over.
<br />
<br />
Hu justified and excused his personal and political transgressions with
reference to his unique genius. In a passage written in the 1940s, Hu
emphatically stated his personal and artistic credo - no apologies and no
regrets: <br />
<blockquote>
I write for my own pleasure and not for any reason. My
attitude toward revolution is the same. Some people can make mistakes that
aren't crimes; there are people who can do good, but that doesn't make them
great.</blockquote>
After the Wenzhou sojourn, Hu escaped to Japan where he
scratched out a living courtesy of his erstwhile Japanese patrons. Through the
1950s and 1960s, he pursued a career as a writer and lecturer in Japanese exile
and infuriated Chang by publishing his memoir, <i>This World, These Times</i>,
which placed Chang in an overlapping continuum of eight girlfriends and
provided a detailed and self-aggrandizing account of the excruciating sojourn
in Wenzhou.
<br />
<br />
Chang divorced Hu in 1947 and later remarried. However, the matter of Hu
agitated her and continued to inform her work - work that she dithered over,
revised frequently, and, in the case of <i>Little Reunion</i>, could not bring
herself to publish in her lifetime. (She died on September 8, 1995.)
<br />
<br />
Prior to <i>Little Reunion</i>, the most high-profile workout of Chang's issues
with Hu Lancheng is the short story <i>Lust, Caution</i>, on which the Ang Lee
film of the same name is based.
<br />
<br />
Eileen Chang's short story dealt with a failed assassination attempt on a
high-level Chinese collaborator. The plotters rely on an idealistic young
actress/student, Wang Chiachih, to serve as a sexual lure to trick the target,
Mr Yee, into fatally disregarding his normal security precautions.
<br />
<br />
The conspiracy goes pfft as the discombobulated Wang responds to a genuine but
superficial display of affection by the middle-aged, toad-like apparatchik she
has endured two years of effort, danger and degradation to murder, and
impulsively warns him to flee the approaching assassins.
<br />
<br />
Yee escapes and immediately issues the order to round up Wang and her
accomplices. The conspirators are interrogated and executed within a few hours;
and Eileen Chang provides the merciless coda: <br />
<blockquote>
He was not optimistic
about the way the war was going, and he had no idea how it would turn out for
him. But now that he had enjoyed the love of a beautiful woman, he could die
happy - without regret. He could feel her shadow forever near him, comforting
him. Even though she had hated him at the end, she had at least felt something.
And now he possessed her utterly, primitively - as a hunter does his quarry, a
tiger his kill. Alive, her body belonged to him; dead she was his ghost. </blockquote>
Behind Chang's nervous, sardonic laugh is the ghost of her relationship with Hu
Lancheng.
<br />
<br />
The toxic relationship receives a further workout in <i>Little Reunion</i>, an
explicitly autobiographical roman a clef that deals both with Chang's messy,
privileged childhood and her traumatic romance with Hu Lancheng.
<br />
<br />
The title itself is a mocking inversion of the "Big Reunion", the joyful
celebration when a scholar's triumph at the imperial examinations guarantees
the power and prestige of his household and allows the wives and concubines to
take a break from their habitual backbiting and jealousy to enjoy their shared
success.
<br />
<br />
By contrast, the "Little Reunion" presided over in Wenzhou by would-be culture
hero Hu Lancheng served up only a sordid threesome stewing in shame and
resentment.
<br />
<br />
In the book, Chang's stand-in describes her thoughts as she deals with the
reality of her philandering, unapologetically no-good husband: <br />
<blockquote>
There
was a carving knife in the kitchen - too heavy. There was also a knife for
cutting watermelon that lay in the hand more comfortably. Aim the blade at that
narrow golden spine ...</blockquote>
Instead, Chang decided to write a novel
about Hu, which she was unable to bring herself to publish.
<br />
<br />
In fact, in 1992 she mooted destroying <i>Little Reunion</i> as recorded in a
letter she wrote to Stephen Soong. The decision by Roland Soong, the respected
proprietor of the blog EastSouthWestNorth - who inherited the role of Chang's
literary executor from his deceased parents - to publish <i>Little Reunion</i> therefore
provoked an agitated outcry among the guardians of Eileen Chang's reputation.
<br />
<br />
One Taiwanese literatus angrily called for the book "not be bought, read, or
reviewed".
<br />
<br />
However, <i>Little Reunion</i> was clearly a work ready for publication - its
imminent release had been promised by Chang's Taiwan publishers, Crown,
numerous times.
<br />
<br />
Chang's anxiety and ambivalence over the work had little to do with its merits
and lot to do with the re-emergence of her bad penny ex-husband, Hu Lancheng,
at the center of the Taiwanese literary community.
<br />
<br />
Reeling from the shock of president Richard Nixon's recognition of China's
government, the KMT government was happy to garner support wherever it could
find it in the diplomatic, political and cultural realms. In a let bygones be
bygones spirit, Hu was allowed to enter Taiwan in 1974 and lecture at an
unaccredited institution outside Taipei
<br />
<br />
After reading the manuscript of <i>Little Reunion</i>, Stephen Soong wrote
Chang: <br />
<blockquote>
Don't forget, there's a time bomb: that worthless fellow who,
through whatever route, managed to get to Taiwan and become an instructor at
the Chinese Academy of Literature …if Little Reunion is published, it will be
like delivering a fat pig to the door. He will welcome this opportunity to make
a fuss and write all sorts of wild stuff …A drowning man will grasp at
anything, and if he's able to grab onto you he'll drag you under as well. </blockquote>
Indeed, Hu was at this point under attack for his collaborationist past and on
his way to losing his post at the academy.
Eventually, he would be forced to leave Taiwan and would die in Japan in 1981.
<br />
<br />
However, Hu did not quite resemble the drowning man that Stephen Soong feared
would drag down Eileen Chang's reputation by peddling sensationalistic
revelations. His actual attack on Chang's literary standing in Taiwan was much
more subtle.
<br />
<br />
After Hu was dismissed from the academy and asked to vacate his housing, a
prominent author, Zhu Xining, stepped forward and arranged for Hu to stay in an
apartment next to the Zhu household.
<br />
<br />
Over the next six months, Hu lectured on the <i>Book of Changes</i> and <i>Book of
Poetry</i> and created an indelible impression on Zhuand his daughters, Zhu Tianwen and Zhu Tianxin, both of whom became leading
literati of their generation.
<br />
<br />
The Zhu family created a periodical, the Sansan Jikan, as a vehicle for Hu to
publish his writings. Young writers clustered around Hu and Sansan Jikan became
the intellectual guiding light for a generation of Taiwanese authors, and a
direct challenge to Eileen Chang's literary legacy and the widespread
veneration she enjoyed inside Taiwan.
<br />
<br />
In post-1949 Taiwan, Chang's disengaged, apolitical stance had filled a dual
need. As an alternative to the doggedly leftist attitudes of the great mainland
writers such as Lu Hsun (Lu Xun), she could be claimed by the Chiang Kai-shek
regime as a Chinese writer of world stature who was not hostile to the KMT. For
mainland emigre readers on Taiwan, her dispassionate use of the Japanese
occupation as little more than context for her fiction offered them the license
to regard their regime's undemocratic occupation of Formosa as simply the
background for the private, privileged dramas at the center of their lives.
<br />
<br />
By the mid-1970s, however, the KMT's loss of international legitimacy and the
political and literary challenge of the burgeoning Formosan movement for
self-determination could no longer be complaisantly ignored.
<br />
<br />
In the world of literature, young mainlanders bursting with intellectual and
emotional energy but unwilling to engage with the moral bankruptcy of the KMT's
control over Taiwan's political and cultural life busied themselves with the
expression and promotion of transcendental and eternal Chinese cultural ideals.
<br />
<br />
A group of these self-consciously erudite young reactionaries rejected the
West-inspired iconoclasm of the May 4th movement and the instinctive, immersive
modernism of Eileen Chang. Instead, they adopted the stance of neo-literati,
protecting the essence of Chinese civilization against the destructive forces
of Chinese communism, alien Western culture, and Formosan provincialism.
<br />
<br />
Hu Lancheng - who himself had defiantly and energetically collaborated with a
bankrupt regime because it was the only available vessel for his exalted
ambitions - was a fitting godfather to the new literary movement, sometimes
characterized as “Greater China Utopianism”, centered on the Sansan literary
journal.
<br />
<br />
Hu Lancheng directed and validated the emergence of young Taiwan writers from
Eileen Chang's shadow. He shifted the debate over Chang's legacy to the more
favorable terms of Chang's naivete versus his rich life experiences - albeit,
in the realms of love and politics, experiences of the most discreditable sort,
but still darkly fascinating to his youthful coterie.
<br />
<br />
The group constellated around Hu considered themselves as writers in the Eileen
Chang tradition - with a difference.
<br />
<br />
The new dispensation was that Chang and Hu had formed a complementary literary
diad: in Chinese operatic terms Chang sang the <i>qiang</i> and Hu the <i>diao</i>.
Some went further, stating that Hu had “instructed” Chang, providing crucial
intellectual insights that raised Chang to greatness.
<br />
<br />
Today the Zhu sisters regard Chang as an emotionally and intellectually
immature writer lacking the necessary “perspective” - an understanding of the
crucial cultural and philosophical context in which great literature is
embedded - that Hu bestowed on the literati of the Sansan group.
<br />
<br />
Hu's followers critiqued and deconstructed Chang's influence, ironically
guaranteeing that the flood of Eileen Chang literary studies could only
increase as the theses and counter-theses multiplied exponentially in the
world's universities and academic and literary journals.
<br />
<br />
It would be easier to dismiss Hu as an opportunistic poseur. However, both Zhu
sisters became leading literary figures in Taiwan and Hu's close and formative
association with so many of Greater China's greatest writers is difficult to
gainsay.
<br />
<br />
Even on the mainland, where Japanese collaborators and Taiwanese literary
squabbles are given short shrift, the leading Eileen Chang scholar, Zhi An, has
cautiously endorsed Hu's exceptional literary ability.
<br />
<br />
On Taiwan, there is a certain sense of awe surrounding Hu's charisma, intellect
and mysterious talent-spotting mojo.
<br />
<br />
Zhu Tianwen, in particular, has displayed her adoration for Hu in the most
extravagant terms in the 30 years since she first met him.
<br />
<br />
In an English-language interview promoting Hou Hsiao-jen's film <i>Sing Song Girls
of Shanghai</i>, Zhu, who wrote the screenplay, rattled on and on about Hu
Lancheng with not a word about Eileen Chang - even though the movie was based
on a 19th century novel that Chang devoted the last years of her life to
translating, first into Mandarin and then into English: <br />
<blockquote>
The <i>Sansan jikan</i>
... was actually only started because of Hu Lancheng. Because of his
controversial political past, serving under Wang Jingwei in the Japanese-run
puppet government, he was labeled a traitor to China and his writings were
banned. We, on the other hand, saw something really special in both he and his
works that other people didn't seem to recognize. </blockquote>
In many
ways, the aforementioned aspiration to become more than a mere writer or
literati and strive to become like a traditional Chinese scholar, or <i>shi</i>,
all had its start with Hu Lancheng. <br />
<blockquote>
Hu Lancheng passed away in 1981, so
all together we only knew him for seven years. He was only in Taiwan for three
of those seven years and only lived next door for six months - but those six
months had an immense influence on our later lives as writers ... There is a
line of poetry ... that goes, ... "The hand plucks the five strings, while the
eyes see off the flying geese." What it means is that although what you are
doing may be a relatively small task, like playing the zither, your mind is far
off, gazing at the geese soaring at the edge of the heavens ... This
perspective, this vision is really perhaps the greatest gift that Hu Lancheng
left us with.
<br />
(Hou, Hsiao-hsien, 1947- and Zhu, Tianwen. and Berry, Michael. "Words and
Images: A Conversation with Hou Hsiao-hsien and Chu T'ien-wen." positions: east
asia cultures critique 11.3 (2003): 675-716)</blockquote>
This context fills
Eileen Chang's ambivalence about publishing <i>Little Reunion</i> with special
pathos.
<br />
<br />
As Chang sank into a life of seclusion and disappointment in the United States,
her detested ex-husband energetically and effectively nurtured an entire new
generation of female writers who want not only to claim but supersede her
legacy with his help.
<br />
<br />
Chang struggled to maintain control over her art and her history.
<br />
<br />
She originally wrote <i>Little Reunion</i> as a direct response to a letter
from Zhu Tianwen's father, Zhu Xining, proposing that he write a biography of
her - with the assistance of Hu Lancheng.
<br />
<br />
In <i>Little Reunion</i> there is a sly passage that seems to refer to Hu's
overbearing efforts to appropriate her emotions and her voice: <br />
<blockquote>
He
kissed her. A shudder shook his shoulders and she felt his forearms, so robust,
through his sleeves. “He really loves me,” she thought. Then the blocky tip of
his tongue suddenly jutted between her teeth, like a cork, dry from all the
talking he had done. He sensed her disgust and released her with a smile. </blockquote>
Zhu never proceeded with his biography, so Chang apparently did not feel
compelled to publish her version of events during her lifetime.
<br />
<br />
Ironically, it was only after her death, after control of her legacy fell into
the hands of other artists with their own agendas, that her status as a Greater
China cultural icon was assured.
<br />
<br />
Ang Lee's 2007 film version of <i>Lust, Caution </i>played an important role in
expanding the readership for Chang's work in China, and establishing Eileen
Chang as an important cultural brand - while distancing itself from the low-key
observational style that is Chang's trademark.
<br />
<br />
The film did virtually no business in the United States, where its NC-17 rating
excluded it from the main movie chains; however, it became a cause celebre
throughout Asia, where passionate debate over its sexual explicitness, respect
for the film and its source material, and the awareness of unfinished business
in Chinese attitudes toward the anti-Japanese war combined to create intense
interest in the film.
<br />
<br />
Lee's <i>Lust, Caution </i>could be characterized as The Passion of Wang
Chiachih, in which Chang's doppelganger is exalted, transformed and destroyed
by her illicit relationship. Wang is ennobled and excused for her warped
liaison with the collaborator - the glamorous Tony Leung - in a way that it's
difficult to believe Chang intended.
<br />
<br />
China, anxious to accommodate Ang Lee as an important filmmaker and burnish
China's credentials as an international destination for movie projects,
nevertheless insisted on putting its own spin on the movie's theme of passion
over politics for the mainland release.
<br />
<br />
China's censors decided that Wang Chiachih's character could not be permitted
to save her traitor-lover from the assassins. In the mainland version, Tony
Leung's character intuits the conspiracy by himself and flees; Wang simply
murmurs, “OK, go. <i>[zou ba</i>].”
<br />
<br />
Indeed, China's cultural guardians, ambivalent about providing official
recognition of Chang's merits and importance, organized and then cancelled a
planned conference on her work as recently as 2005.
<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, the descendants of a real-life female assassin asserted that the
film was based on and traduced the true story of an attempt to kill a high
official in Wang Ching-wei's government, Ding Mocun - a contention that Ang Lee
has denied. The Taiwanese authorities obligingly determined that the lady in
question was chaste, resolute and betrayed only by a malfunctioning revolver.
<br />
<br />
The price and glory of literary fame is apparently that readers and critics are
all eager to appropriate Eileen Chang for their own purposes.
<br />
<br />
In an ironic intersection of censorship, piracy and post-modernist literary
theory, a mainland critic addressed the controversy over publishing Little
Reunion without Chang's explicit clearance for publication by invoking Roland
Barthes to declare that once the story was written, it achieved an existence
independent of Eileen Chang and her intentions.
<br />
<br />
Over the next few years, we will continue to hear Eileen Chang's unique voice,
albeit filtered through our own preconceptions and expectations. Roland Soong
has announced that he is preparing two more pieces for publication.
<br />
<br />
<i><b>Peter Lee</b> writes on East and South Asian affairs and their intersection
with US foreign policy. </i>
<br />
<br />
(Copyright 2009 Asia Times Online (Holdings) Ltd. All rights reserved. Please
contact us about <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/null">
sales, syndication</a> and <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/null">
republishing</a>.) -
<br />
<b></b>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com34tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-37074408454159186502018-02-28T20:01:00.000-08:002018-03-02T09:12:55.853-08:00Hey! What About Term Limits for the Chinese Communist Party, Xi Jinping??<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In my most recent China Watch video for Newsbud, I have some
fun with the ostentatious handwringing and concern trolling the West concerning
the CCP proposal to abolish term limits for the presidency of the PRC.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Here’s the trailer!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0_bwV1ASokA" width="560"></iframe></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The video offers my unique take on U.S. presidential term
limits, one that I think is surprising and revealing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s a teaser, folks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Go to Newsbud.com to subscribe and take a
look.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In interest of time and in consideration of the
general-interest audience, Newsbud edited out the inside-baseball slice of my
video that discussed the real issue behind the presidency dustup: Xi Jinping’s
move to affirm a succession protocol for party General Secretary that could
give him three or more terms, instead of the two terms that have been customary
for the last couple decades.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Here’s the script for the bit that pretty much got dropped:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Long story short, the
primary significance of the proposed abolition of term limits for presidency of
the PRC is that it essentially confirms that Xi Jinping is going to go for at
least one additional term as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And where it counts, inside the Chinese
Communist Party, there are no term limits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Not really.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The reported rule of
thumb for membership in the Politburo Standing Committee, the apex of
collective leadership in the Party and the pool from which party general
secretaries are selected, was “seven up/eight down.” It meant that cadres 67
years and under could advance to the Standing Committee and have a shot at
becoming general secretary; those 68 and older should retire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This rule was supposedly instituted by party
secretary Jiang Zemin in 2002.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Actually, the rule was
a rather special interpretation of the principle of generational renewal of the
CCP leadership cadre ever ten years instituted by Deng Xiaoping because, to put
it bluntly, Jiang Zemin wanted to screw a political rival, Li Ruihuan, who
happened to be 68 years old.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Xi Jinping will turn
68 on June 15, 2021—a year before his second term as party secretary ends—so
it’s understandable his people have been debunking the seven up/eight down rule
to the press for some time.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/retirement-rule-for-ccp-leaders-pure-folklore">Retirement
rule for CCP leaders “pure folklore”</a></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Folklore, I tell you!</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">More to the point,
perhaps, for China every CCP general secretary before Xi Jinping had been
selected or prepositioned by Deng Xiaoping.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That includes Hu Jintao, Xi Jinping’s predecessor, who finished up as
general secretary in 2012—fifteen years after Deng Xiaoping died.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Given the historical context of CCP succession strategies
and China’s new situation in the world, I would guess that Xi Jinping has had
some success in selling the idea inside the Party that he’s tweaking the system
to reflect current realities, not overturning an iron-clad norm.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The flurry of leaks and criticism of the PRC presidential
term limits move is, I expect, a surrogate for dismay that Xi Jinping views his
tenure as General Secretary as open-ended and that his view is apparently
prevailing inside the CCP.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Carping about presidential term limits in the public sphere
might reflect more of a “go for broke” attitude by opponents who feel that the
intra-Party debate isn’t going their way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>What the heck? If Xi is going to lock in the job Party Secretary for the
next decade, there’s nothing to be gained by staying silent and little lost by
speaking up now.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So anti-Xi Jinping voices are now more willing to blab and
turn Western journos largely shut out of news about CCP internal matters into
instant experts on the precariousness of Xi’s rule.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If the domestic and international hubbub forces Xi to climb
down on term limits revision, he will have certainly suffered a major setback.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But I think the odds are against it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For what it’s worth, I regard critics of Xi Jinping’s
ambitions for prolonging his stint as Party Secretary fall into a few
categories:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
People inside and outside the party who don’t like Xi’s plan
to manage the PRC through an increasingly activist, pro-active, and intrusive
CCP;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
People inside the party who prefer the collectivist
leadership model (and the ability of cadres to make political and financial hay
by leveraging their loyalties without worrying overmuch about threats to their
political power and economic interests) to a powerful, if not Mao-like General
Secretary;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
People who have no big problem with big-leader rule but
prefer it wouldn’t be implemented by Xi Jinping.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I guess there are some dead enders who hope
that Bo Xilai will get sprung from prison and lead the CCP to glory, but don’t
know if there’s anybody else out there.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My thesis is that Xi Jinping’s case for a powerful CCP
bossman unhampered by term limits may be self-serving but it also has enough
merit for the party as a whole to acquiesce.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There’s a miasma of crisis, corruption, and drift
surrounding the PRC and the CCP, and Xi Jinping’s long war to renovate the CCP
as an instrument of effective technocratic rule in an era of significant national challenge might be seen to deserve another decade to
succeed (or fail so utterly that the approach will be discredited).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com144tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-6525478202809498272018-02-06T17:10:00.000-08:002018-02-06T17:10:14.383-08:00Who Lost China? The Secret War Between Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <i>A version of the piece posted below appeared at Asia Times in September 2012. It is reproduced here with the permission of Asia Times. Parties interested in reproducing the piece should contact Asia Times.</i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>As a corrective to the current cataract of punditry
concerning the rise of scary China under Xi Jinping, here's a piece I
wrote in 2012 on the occasion of Xi apparently snubbing Hillary Clinton
("bad back!") during her farewell tour of Asia as Secretary of State.</i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>Clinton's China strategy was, in my opinion, careless, opportunistic, rooted in impunity, tunnel vision, and moral hazard, and rich in unexpected consequences...like the PRC's urgent push to superpower status. </i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>As far as China is concerned, the signature US rollback
ploy under Clinton was encouraging the return to Japan to the regional
stage as a power-projecting state. Since Japan enjoys the protection of
the US nuclear umbrella, this was an important and destabilizing shift
in the Asian equation for the PRC. And the PRC has been
counter-programming actively and successfully ever since.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>The anti-Clinton element in the PRC's worldview and geopolitical calculations is quite apparent in my 2012 piece. </i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i> </i></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>In my opinion, the China hawk containment strategy
failed because it was fundamentally flawed and incompetently
formulated. And that's the dead end America's trying to get out of today.</i></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i> China hawks prefer to think their
policies
are sound and, if executed with sufficient determination, sure to
succeed. The PRC's current advantages, by this view, are largely
attributable to insufficient US focus and will and, if you scratch a
little deeper, appeasement.</i></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>There's some moonshine getting peddled that there was a "China fantasy": that the PRC would, through engagement, become "more like us". After Tiananmen in 1989, nobody believed this.</i></span></i></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>The "China fantasy" legerdemain is, I think, meant to
obscure the fact that the China hawks, Clintonites and others, are trying to escalate out of
their own failures of the last decade, not reverse course from previous
appeasement by their rivals.</i></span></i></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><br /></i></span></i></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>The largely unspoken subtext is the accusation that President Obama </i></span></i></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>failed to deliver the China-containment goods.</i></span></i></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>Unspoken, because Clinton Dems are not quite ready to publicly criticize the China policies of Barack Obama, one of the most successful and popular Democratic presidents of the post-war era, and take Democratic ownership for what is now seen as a major geopolitical fail.</i></span></i></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><br /></i></span></i></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i></i></span></i></span></i></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>The Obama administration, both with Clinton and afterwards, was committed to China rollback. </i></span></i></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><br /></i></span></i></span></i></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>US rollback efforts began under the Obama/Clinton administration in 2009. Remember the "Pivot"? "America's Pacific Century"? "No G2"?</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>The real debate was whether it would be executed a la Clinton.</i></span></i></span></i></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>An interesting but unexplored angle to US China policy
during the second Obama administration is that Obama and Clinton
apparently weren't really that close and President Obama maybe wasn't
super enthusiastic about Clinton's execution of the rollback policy. </i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>One of the most interesting/damning suspicions
concerning the Obama/Clinton relationship is the implication that
President Obama was ready to remove the Senkakus from coverage under the
US-Japan defense pact, and Hillary Clinton and Seiji Maehara
short-circuited that initiative by ginning up the Captain Zhan/rare
earths brouhaha in 2010.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>In fact, maybe President Obama took to heart the
ostentatious display of PRC hostility to Clinton (and had limited
enthusiasm for pursuing an alliance with Japan's conservative and
historical-revisionist trending government), and tried to do things
differently in his second term. For a few months, anyway.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>If so, President Obama's inclination to muddle through
with a less confrontational PRC policy probably only survived through
2014, when Chuck Hagel was purged as Secretary of Defense and Admiral
Harry Harris (who had served as Pentagon liaison to Hillary Clinton's
State Department) and Team China Hawk seized the reins at PACOM.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>The Clinton China policy, in other words, survived
Clinton's term as Secretary of State, persisted! through the second
Obama administration, and even, I argue, prevailed after Clinton's defeat as a
presidential candidate. In my opinion, the Clinton China policy is
alive and well today, and is being implemented via PACOM and like-minded
types in Australia and Japan despite whatever objections and ambitions
Donald Trump...or Barack Obama...might hold.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>Read all about it here: <a href="http://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2017/09/chuck-hagels-demiseand-james-fanells.html">Chuck Hagel's Demise...and James Fanell's Rise...and Australia!</a></i></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></i></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>China Hand Feb. 2018</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><span> Swan Song in Beijing</span></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>A version of this piece appeared at Asia Times in September 2012</i> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton recently paid what is
expected to be her final official visit to Beijing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">She received a stern reception from Chinese officialdom, including
the official media, and also suffered what appears to have been a personal
rebuke.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Secretary Clinton’s press entourage was abuzz concerning the
cancellation of a meeting with PRC president-in-waiting Xi Jinping.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Of course, it is possible that the excuses that circulated through
the press corps—that Xi had a scheduling conflict and/or a bad back—were the
truth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Xi also<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/9521741/Chinas-Xi-Jinping-cancels-Hillary-Clinton-meeting-amid-tensions.html"> cancelled a meeting</a> with
the Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Hsien Loong.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">However, the CCP may have decided that Secretary Clinton’s last
visit was the final and most appropriate opportunity to administer a snub—and a
message.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Per her position as Secretary of State, Secretary Clinton is
entitled to meet with her opposite number in Beijing, Foreign Minister Yang
Jiechi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Full stop.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">However, because of a variety of circumstances both historical
(the importance of the relationship between the US and China, Secretary
Clinton’s special status as spouse of an ex-President) and immediate (the
fraught current state of Sino-US relations, the fact that this is probably
Secretary Clinton’s last official visit to China), she also met with PRC
President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">From an official perspective, there are no grounds for Secretary
Clinton to feel snubbed on this trip.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">And also from an official perspective, there are no grounds for
Secretary Clinton to meet with Xi Jinping.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After all, Secretary Clinton and her team are on the way out,
regardless of whether President Obama wins election or is replaced in the White
House by Mitt Romney.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Xi Jinping, on the other hand, is not yet in the office of
President of the PRC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is still Hu
Jintao’s job.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps Mr. Hu did not
take pleasure in the idea that the United States was going around him to
cultivate relations with Mr. Xi before Mr. Hu had vacated his presidential
chair.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Possibly, the Chinese leadership also felt that Secretary Clinton
wanted to meet with Mr. Xi to pad her Rolodex so she can claim that she has <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">guanxi</i> to burn with the new generation
of China’s leaders as she embarks on her post-Secretary of State career as
politician, pundit, think-tank leader, and/or corporate advisor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">If so, the CCP could have used cancellation of the meeting with Xi
to send a message (to paraphrase the immortal smackdown of Dan Quayle by Lloyd
Bentsen during a vice presidential debate many years ago):</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I knew Henry Kissinger… And, Secretary Clinton, you are no Henry
Kissinger. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Actually, Xi Jinping does know Henry Kissinger (who is, by the
way, still alive) and has met him more than once.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Xi met with Kissinger and a host of other retired US State
Department worthies during his trip to the United States in February of 2012.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">But he also <a href="http://english.gov.cn/2012-01/17/content_2045906.htm">met with Kissinger</a> one-on-one in Beijing several weeks
before his trip to send the message that China was ready to "seize the
day, seize the hour," in order to promote bilateral ties.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://english.gov.cn/2012-01/17/content_2045906.htm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The CCP leadership value Kissinger as the symbol, custodian, and
advocate of a US-China relationship that is special.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When relations between the Chinese leadership and President Obama
teetered into the deep freeze following the disastrous Copenhagen climate
summit (which featured China’s furious negotiator screaming and waving his
finger at President Obama for what China perceived to be the cynical US
decision to use the PRC as scapegoat for the collapse of the talks), the PRC
publicized a <a href="http://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2010/03/china-emboldened-anxious-or-invincible.html">meeting</a> between then Vice President Li Keqiang (the title that Xi
holds now, by the way) and Kissinger in Beijing to demonstrate that China
wanted to continue relations in a spirit of positive engagement.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2010/03/china-emboldened-anxious-or-invincible.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">However, President Obama decided for political, economic, moral, and
geostrategic reasons (and perhaps also because of his unsatisfying personal interactions
with the Chinese leadership cadre) he had to deal with the PRC from a position
of greater regional strength and eschew immediate accommodation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The rest is history, specifically the strategic pivot to Asia,
executed by Secretary Clinton. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">China’s relationship with the United States is now special only in
the sense that it is especially awkward and difficult.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The closest Beijing probably has to a US
champion of a special relationship with China today is Robert Zoellick, the
ex-head of the World Bank who now serves as an advisor to Mitt Romney.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">From the Chinese perspective, the pivot has done little other than
make trouble for China, specifically by emboldening US allies in the region to
make trouble over maritime issues.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Both Vietnam and the Philippines passed maritime laws to formalize
their challenges to Chinese claims to rocks and shoals in the South China
Sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Japanese government, goaded by
Tokyo governor and Sinophobic hothead Shintaro Ishihara, is taking steps to buy
the Senkakus from their private owner.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The United States danced around the issue of whether or not it
would back up security guarantees with the Philippines and Japan on island
issues in a rather equivocal manner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">And Washington further upped the ante by promoting the line that
the South China Sea disputes should be addressed in negotiations between the
PRC and the various claimants collectively through ASEAN, instead of through
bilateral talks between the PRC and its smaller adversaries.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This situation pleases fans of interminable multilateral jaw-jaw,
although a case can be made that the best way to actually settle claims is for
the PRC to cut joint development deals with its neighbors one-by-one in order
to unlock in a reasonably timely manner the immense riches we are told lurk
below these miserable islands.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the run-up to Secretary Clinton’s visit—and a spate of ugly
demonstrations (not suppressed with notable vigor by the Chinese government)
and incidents such as the snatching of the flag from the Japanese ambassador’s
official vehicle on one of the Beijing ring roads(presumably a thuggish one-off
by a Chinese citizen)—the Chinese government clearly took the tack that it was
time to tell the United States that enough was enough and it was time for the
US to back up its rhetoric as guarantor of security in China’s neighboring seas
by reining in its overenthusiastic allies in Hanoi, Manila, and Tokyo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Xinhua laid out the case in a<a href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-09/03/c_131824191.htm"> story datelined from Washington</a>:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Many of the U.S. actions so far
have been counterproductive to promoting peace and stability in the Asia
Pacific, as indicated by the fact that the security situation in the region has
been worsening, rather than improving, mainly due to the recent escalation of
the territorial disputes in the East China Sea and the South China Sea.</span></i><br />
<br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Washington, which claims not to
take sides in the disputes, is partly blamed for fueling the tensions because
it has apparently emboldened certain relevant parties to make provocations
against China in order to achieve undeserved territorial gains.</span></i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">…</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Washington
owes Beijing a thorough, convincing explanation of the true intentions of its
Pivot policy, especially on issues related to China's vital or core interests.
And the United States also needs to take concrete steps to prove that it is
returning to Asia as a peacemaker, instead of a troublemaker.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Secretary Clinton’s visit was marked by a blizzard of articles in
the official media on this theme:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<a href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-09/04/c_131827228.htm"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">China urges U.S. to work for peace in South China Sea</span></b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-09/04/c_131827228.htm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<h1>
<a href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-09/04/c_131825846.htm"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Washingtonneeds to take concrete steps to promote China-U.S. ties</span></a></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-09/04/c_131825846.htm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<h1>
<a href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-09/03/c_131824191.htm"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">U.S.owes China convincing explanation of true intentions of its Asia Pivot policy</span></a></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
<h1>
<a href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/05/c_131762464.htm"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Commentary:U.S. should refrain from sending wrong signals over South China Sea</span></a></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/05/c_131762464.htm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></a><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">That is all Xinhua, starting to sound a lot like nationalist
headknocker Global Times.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Global Times, well, sounded just like Global Times:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/731394.shtml"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">No winners in containment strategies</span></b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/731394.shtml"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/730902.shtml"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Hillary reinforces US-China mistrust</span></b></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/730902.shtml"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The PRC has a right to wonder if US infatuation with the pivot—and
poking China in the eye—is matched with a responsible stewardship of its real
security responsibilities in East Asia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">For the PRC leadership, the true indicator of the sincerity and
utility of the US security role in East Asia is probably the amount of
influence that the United States can bring to bear on Japan on its military and
security agenda in general and on the symbolic issue of the Senkakus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">There is one compelling reason for the PRC to acquiesce to the
continued US military presence in East Asia: that is if the United States can
forestall the emergence of Japan as an independent, nuclear-capable regional
military and security actor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Thanks to US support of its demands for a closed nuclear fuel
cycle and an otherwise unnecessary space program, Japan has the reserves of
weapon-grade plutonium and the ballistic missile delivery systems to become a
major nuclear weapons power virtually overnight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In an <a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-501713_162-57504851/ap-analysis-iran-nuclear-denial-has-japanese-ring/">interesting analysis</a>, AP reviewed the
evidence that Iran has perhaps studied and copied the Japanese strategy of
positioning itself as a nuclear weapons threshold state—one without nuclear
weapons but with the resources to weaponize its nuclear capabilities rapidly if
needed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">By forestalling a nuclear-tinged regional arms race and keeping
the Japanese self-defense forces preoccupied with self defense instead of power
projection, the United States delivers a real and significant security and
economic benefit to China, and to East Asia in general.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">But the elevation of the Senkakus to a political, cultural, and
security fetish is helping change that.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">So far, Japan’s national governments, thanks to US suasion,
incentives, and the security provided by the presence of US forces, have kept
the military genie in the bottle.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Currently, the Noda government in Japan has conducted its
demeaning competition with Ishihara to purchase the Senkakus with a combination
of restraint, frustration, and disgust that the Chinese leadership probably
finds very gratifying--despite its public fulminations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">However, past results are no guarantee of future performance.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">If Japan slips the leash or, even worse, decides that it can yank
America’s chain in the style of the Israeli government by forcing the US to
support Japan and Japan’s objectives in the region through deliberate
escalation of tensions, the perceived utility and value of the US military role
in East Asia will be significantly compromised in China’s eyes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In May, The Wall Street Journal <a href="http://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2012/05/29/ishihara-unplugged-china-a-thief-america-unreliable/">reported</a> on the relatively extreme
security views of Shintaro Ishihara, the Tokyo governor who began the whole
Senkaku purchase brouhaha:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Japan must guard itself from China’s
expansionary ambitions, which, Mr. Ishihara said, are now turned outward after
conquering Mongolia and the Uighur people and decimating Tibet. …“China has
declared it would break into someone else’s home. It’s time we make sure doors
are properly locked on our islands,” he said. “Before we know it, Japan
could become the sixth star on China’s national flag. I really don’t want that
to happen.”</i><br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">…</i><br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Throughout the speech, Mr.
Ishihara referred to China as “Shina”, the name normally associated with
the era of Japanese occupation of China.</i><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2012/05/29/ishihara-unplugged-china-a-thief-america-unreliable/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ishihara also advocated beefed-up Japanese military spending
justified in part because the US is “unreliable” at least on the issue of the
Senkakus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It would be comforting to dismiss Ishihara as an aging, racist
crackpot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, as Japan’s wartime
generation and mindset fade away, political pressure for Japan to assume the
role of an armed world power with its own security policy—and stand up to
China—is growing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">And Ishihara has gone the extra mile in passing on his xenophobic
legacy to the next generation, via his son Nobuteru.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">One <a href="http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T120904003406.htm">theory</a> is that Ishihara ginned up the Senkaku purchase in
order advance the political fortunes of Nobuteru, who is Secretary General of
the opposition LDP and has an extremely good chance of becoming Japan’s next
prime minister if the requisite amount of intra-party and inter-party
skullduggery can be brought to bear.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The prospect that the Japanese government and foreign and military
policy may soon be in the hands of a group of China-bashing reactionaries—and
the US government in the hands of China-bashing neoliberals or neoconservatives
indifferent to Chinese anxieties—is not a recipe for Chinese restraint.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The harsh official Chinese rhetoric concerning the pivot is
perhaps more than a farewell rebuke to Secretary Clinton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It should be regarded as an effort to cut through the
China-bashing clutter of the US presidential campaign with a strident and
unambiguous declaration of the PRC’s concern that infatuation with the pivot
has caused the United States to lose its focus on the critical regional priority
of encouraging restraint among all its allies, but most of all Japan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fans of the pivot—and advisors to whatever president takes the
oath of office in Washington early next year—may wish to start thinking about
the worst case if the PRC’s new leadership thinks it has to escalate to
confrontation sooner rather than later so it can either force US Asian policy
onto a track more favorable to China or start crowding US military power out of
the region before it’s too late.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">One piece of advice: if a crisis erupts—and the United States
genuinely wants to resolve it—maybe it is better not to send Hillary Clinton to
Beijing. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com24tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-83235463084222884782018-02-04T14:31:00.002-08:002018-02-04T14:31:36.597-08:00US Nuclear Weapons Returning to Asia<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>The article posted below originally ran on Asia Times in April 2016 with the title The Case of the Missing Nukes…and a Disappearing Mission…in Asia. It is reposted at China Matters with the permission of Asia Times. Other outlets interested in running this piece should contact Asia Times for permission.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>I am re-upping this article because its predictions appear to be coming true. Trump's Nuclear Posture Review </i></span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>reiterates the US "reservation of right" to first use in case of "strategic" a.k.a. non-nuclear aggression and </i></span>tilts in the direction of lower yield tactical nuclear weapons. </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>It sets the stage for the reintroduction of "SLCMs" a.k.a. submarine launched cruise missiles tipped with low yield nuclear warheads (Japan's Prime Minister Abe was saddened by the withdrawal of submarine-based nuclear Tomahawks because it implied the US would not have a ready tactical nuclear riposte to a limited PRC attack on Japan over the Senkakus or whatever).</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>The LRSO "Long Range Stand Off" cruise missile was also given star billing in this year's NPR. The LRSO is a stealthy long range dual-use (conventional or dialable nuclear yield) bomber-launched cruise missile that is detested by arms control types (and ex-Secretary of Defense William Perry) because its combination of nuclear ambiguity and tactical first-strike friendliness. </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>Deployment of the LRSO virtually guarantees a tit-for-tat upgrade in PRC nuclear capabilities, which is probably how the DoD likes it. They're in the business of fanning, managing, and profiting from threats, not defusing them.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>On the other hand, if and when the PRC gets into the regional tactical nuclear game, local US allies might get nervous about a limited nuclear playing out over US bases in their countries. And that might accelerate development of local deterrent nuclear programs and the US-ally decoupling dreaded by US strategists.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>That might be a reason why the NPR was nominally targeting Russia (which is embedded in a relatively stable and robust nuclear deterrent matrix in Europe, well, except for Turkey) instead of China.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>How much of this gets through Congress is another matter. But the globally-choreographed China threat narrative will assist advocates of these programs in getting their wish lists funded.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i> At the same time I also wrote two pieces for China Matters. The first, <a href="http://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2016/04/us-pivot-to-asia-poised-to-enter.html">US Pivot to Asia Poised to Enter Nuclear Stage</a>, picks apart the LRSO issue. It also includes a nice get by the Federation of American Scientists: a US Air Force chart showing a "nuclear use" phase against regional/near peer adversaries that somehow isn't nuclear war--apparently because the absence of nuclear retaliation by the adversary is assumed.</i></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip0PicquEYxHHhmL3Q910a3vxYGD2yIjYDAH_EE6TgBNcw-B6mFVUqrBVYCgkJl9E1QWTvGOC_MOoHwO_dKW1sMohtWsaYZ-OBYirqL0uHPfLp9qGFN3OXjMZzOs5EOLr5LUGD-g/s1600/LRSO_preNukeWar_USAF2014.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="471" data-original-width="640" height="470" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip0PicquEYxHHhmL3Q910a3vxYGD2yIjYDAH_EE6TgBNcw-B6mFVUqrBVYCgkJl9E1QWTvGOC_MOoHwO_dKW1sMohtWsaYZ-OBYirqL0uHPfLp9qGFN3OXjMZzOs5EOLr5LUGD-g/s640/LRSO_preNukeWar_USAF2014.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>The second, <a href="http://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2016/04/us-navy-no-likee-nukie.html">US Navy No Likee Nukie?</a>, rather puckishly examines the travails of the salty service in safely managing nuclear weapons. The surface navy, in particular, is not a happy home for nukes. I suspect the lavishly-funded US quest for conventional dominance over the PLA had something to do with the Navy's desire to get a big feed at the budget trough for its surface elements before simple strategic logic...and nukes...returned to the China equation. China Hand Feb. 2018</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i> </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial", sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">The Case of the Missing Nukes…and a Disappearing Mission…in Asia</span></i></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">originally appeared in Asia Times in April 2016 </span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The US nuclear presence vis a vis Asia, as defined in the
Obama administration’s Nuclear Posture Review of 2010, is that strategic
missiles --ICBMs and SLBMs (submarine launched ballistic missiles)-- provide a
nuclear umbrella sufficient to deter PRC nuclear adventurism against the US and
its allies in Asia. Tactical nukes are not in the regional US commanders’ bag
of tricks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Local deterrence of the PRC is a mission for conventional
forces, primarily the Navy and Air Force, in concert with our local
allies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">That conventional mission is coming under great and, I
predict, irresistible pressure as the PRC ups its military capabilities.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The tactical nukes, on the other hand, are probably coming
back.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The United States had denuked its local posture in Asia in
the 1990s for a variety of righteous and practical reasons but the bottom line
was that the US believed it could kick China’s behind with conventional forces,
particularly the high-tech, high-precision weaponry it developed in its
“Revolution in Military Affairs”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Accurate bombs & missiles and stealthy aircraft could deliver the
same devastating punch against PLA military assets as crude nuclear attacks
without the literal and figurative fallout.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Well…</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As a brief perusal of dozens of articles in the general
interest and FP-centric press will tell you, this sunny optimism no longer
brightens the day for US military planners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Doom and gloom—anxious chatter about the PRC’s burgeoning capabilities
in “A2/AD” (Anti-Access/Area Denial)—apparently permeate canteens at the
Pentagon and its affiliated thinktanks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The PRC has apparently done an OK job in its quest to
neutralize US conventional forces in East Asia through massive expenditures, technical
upgrades through R & D & E (Research and Development and Espionage),
and by the crude expedient of flooding the zone with lots of missiles, thereby threatening
the traditional in-close deployments in Japan and on aircraft carriers and
pushing the US military out of its comfort zone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Pentagon’s response to PRC presumption has been,
unsurprisingly, escalation! represented in the legendary AirSea Battle
strategy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recently, ASB was formally
retired and replaced with Joint Concept for Access and Maneuver in the Global
Commons (JAM-GC).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The precise character of what the US plans to do under
JAM-GC is classified, but it is known the US scenario for a war over Taiwan or
the South China Sea does not confine itself to defensive operations in the
“global commons”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It involves the United
States dishing it out on the Chinese mainland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>RAND’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR300/RR392/RAND_RR392.pdf"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">US-China Military Scorecard</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
provides a picture of what operations would entail:</span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
United States, for its part, would seek to gain air superiority through both
air-to-air battles and by penetrating Chinese airspace to strike air defense targets
and command-and-control facilities. Air and missile strikes might also be
undertaken on radar installations and ballistic missile sites. The United
States would also seek to destroy Chinese surface assets, including forces
dedicated to landing operations and surface action groups operating in an air
defense or anti- submarine capacity.</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In other words,
if somebody lights the fuse over Taiwan or the South China Sea, the first thing
we do is bomb the dickens out of the PRC in order to degrade its offensive
capabilities.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The RAND report
has a pretty major gap: it does not address the issue of escalation to a
nuclear exchange.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The report confines
its nuclear musings to the reassuring thought that the scenarios do not
threaten “strategic nuclear stability” i.e. the PRC strategic nuclear
capability is sufficiently robust that the CCP will not get pushed into a “use
it or lose it” scenario as US conventional forces “surgically” take out
everything the PLA needs to fight a war in the Taiwan Straits or the South
China Sea, and most of the PRC’s military capability, and the CCP’s mandate to
rule, evaporate under a barrage of US cruise missiles.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Come ON, people!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">From what I’ve
heard from a knowledgeable if not omniscient source is that every Taiwan
scenario he’s war-gamed has escalated to a nuclear conflict.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Every.Single.One.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And it’s not as
if the US has a problem with that.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At the 58:00
minute point in this </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIDB2Q_r-Nc"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Youtubed
discussion</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> of AirSea Battle
by two top drawer strategic boffins, Aaron Friedberg and Elbridge Colby, Friedberg
points out the US always reserves the right to first use of nuclear weapons “if
conventional means are insufficient”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And that begs the
question: Why fight a seven day conventional war with massive losses on both
sides if on the last day Mr. Nuke is going to come out anyway?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Why not introduce
nuclear weapons into the Day One equation?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Why not declare any
PLAN amphibious invasion armada mustering on the coast of Fujian gets smoked by
a US nuclear attack?</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are a few
reasons why the United States eschews this seemingly simple, inexpensive, and
effective deterrent posture.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">First of all, as
described above, the US has no tactical nuclear weapons in-theater.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Delivering a nuclear message via ICBM or SLBM
is rather fraught because it’s difficult to distinguish from a strategic first
strike and might cause a nuclear exchange between the United States and the
PRC.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Second, the
United States under President Obama has decided to try to manage its military
business in Asia nuke-free.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the US
admits it takes nukes to deter the PRC within the region, the PRC will probably
adopt tactical nukes itself, and our allies will sooner or later decide that
it’s safer and surer to have their own nuclear weapons, so the US loses the leadership
and control of Asia-Pacific security regime that comes with its nuclear
monopoly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Third,
cutting-edge tactical nuclear capabilities will not be available to
Asia-Pacific for several years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The US
has a fancy guidable gravity bomb, the B61, with tactically attractive yields dialable
from 0.3 to 340 kilotons—but it relies on the subsonic B2 bomber for delivery.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B2 stealth is </span><a href="http://aviationweek.com/technology/new-radars-irst-strengthen-stealth-detection-claims"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">apparently a wasting asset</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> and it would be worse than
embarrassing if it turned out the PRC had figured out a way to shoot the B2
down as it lumbered across the west Pacific with its payload.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its stealthier successor, the B-21 Long Range
Stealth Bomber, the LRSB, won’t enter service for at least a decade.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The safe-sexy way
to deliver a tactical nuclear weapon is by a stand-off capability i.e. a cruise
missile fired from beyond the range of PRC anti-aircraft and missile defenses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the nuclear Tomahawk off the table and
current contender, the non-stealthy ALCM (Air Launched Cruise Missile) headed
for the boneyard, the LRSO--Long Range Standoff cruise missile, stealthy, speedy,
with a range of over 1000 miles, deliverable by the B2 or B21—is the future of
the nuclear cruise missile.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nuclear
disarmament specialist Hans Kristensen, </span><a href="https://fas.org/blogs/security/2015/10/lrso-mission/"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">writing</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> on the website of the Federation of
American Scientists in January 2016, is appalled and bewildered at the
Pentagon’s enthusiasm for this destabilizing tactical nuke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the attraction is not so mysterious when
viewed in the context of burgeoning but unknowable PRC capabilities:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">t
seems clear … that the LRSO is not merely a retaliatory capability but very
much seen as an offensive nuclear strike weapon that is intended for use in the
early phases of a conflict even before long-range ballistic missiles are used.
In a briefing from 2014, Major General Garrett Harencak, until September this
year the assistant chief of staff for Air Force strategic deterrence and
nuclear integration, described a “nuclear use” phase before actual nuclear war
during which bombers would use nuclear weapons against regional and near-peer
adversaries.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To me, LRSO looks like a gambit to bring tactical nukes
back into the Asian theater aboard long range bombers and without the political
headache of local deployments, a capability that Pentagon planners probably
consider a matter of urgency regardless of the Obama administration’s stated
commitment to moving away from nuclear weaponry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Department of Defense wants 1000 LRSOs, of which at
least half will be nuclear-tipped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
think that will serve the US objective of military supremacy in East Asia
rather neatly.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">But the LRSO won’t be ready for at least five years.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Which brings me to what I suspect is the fourth reason for
the public aversion to discussing the nuclear option in confrontations with
China: service self interest of the US Navy and Air Force, eager to have their fair
slice of defense spending after the US Army hogged the pie with land operations
in the Middle East for almost 15 years.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As Mark Perry </span><a href="http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/06/pentagon-air-force-navy-fight-china-119112#ixzz45kYYvShg"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">wrote
in Politico</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">Army
senior officers remain convinced that ASB is aimed at them more than at China.
Recently, a retired Army colonel and consultant to the Joint Chiefs of Staff
spoke with a roomful of young Army officers. “I asked them, ‘How many of you
think that AirSea Battle is just an attempt by the Navy and Air Force to grab a
greater share of the defense budget?’ Every hand in the room went up, every
single one,” he told me. “It’s an article of faith.” </span></i><br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">The
Army’s not entirely alone in thinking that. “This isn’t an attempt to deal with
escalating threats,” a currently serving Marine Corps colonel argues, “it’s
about identifying potential threats so that we can have escalating budget
numbers.”</span></i><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A look at the evolution of the Asian battlespace reinforces
the idea that JAM-GC is a strategy that is as much concerned with justifying a
mission as it is defining it—and doing it within a one decade window of
opportunity before the new generation of tactical nukes arrive and demote the Navy
and Air Force conventional operations to a secondary role in Asian security.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If and when tactical nuclear weapons are formally imbedded
in US military planning in the 2020s, that window will start to close.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All those Navy and Air Force assets within
reach of PRC missiles will no longer be at the absolute center of US deterrence
against the PRC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the worst case, they
become tripwires, stuff for the PRC to blow up as it games the nuclear
scenarios with the United States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very
expensive stuff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Excessively expensive
stuff.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">And it’s a dilemma for Japan, South Korea, and the
Philippines, which have ventured to paint bulls-eyes on their countries by
hosting these vulnerable assets in return for a share of the US deterrent
umbrella.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The associated costs of pivot participation--a major US
conventional buildup in the region, nonstop armtwisting on local partners to
increase their expenditures, politically fraught basing needs for those
conventional forces, ceaseless evangelizing for missile defense systems that
might not really work—may look more expensive and less attractive as the PRC
develops its capabilities.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If PRC abilities and expenditures continue to evolve, I
expect stand off tactical nuclear weapons will necessarily form the core of US
deterrence, but the US will at the same time bear the burden of sustaining a
massive but strategically obsolete conventional presence—and trying to
alleviate the anxieties and desire to nuclearize of Asian states who realize
that it was always a nuclear game after all.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-37379940454054484972018-01-12T11:34:00.000-08:002018-01-12T11:34:30.203-08:00You Like the Iran Nuclear Deal? Thank China<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", sans-serif;"><i>The Chinese Sellout of Iran that Led to the JCPOA Nuclear Deal</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>Today
Donald Trump waived the more onerous US national sanctions against
Iran for a few more months. I suspect he was told reimposition of US national sanctions would
be resisted by the EU and China--which had previously supported the
Obama administration sanctions drive because it offered a roadmap for
readmission of Iran to the so-called "family of nations"--and would not
support a sanctions drive that moved Iran diplomacy in the opposite
direction.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>China,
I expect, was a significant factor. </i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>Not just because Iran would perforce be
pushed deeper into the embrace of the PRC by a renewal of Western
hostility. </i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>The
PRC has always been recognized as the key to effective Iran sanctions. The Obama adminstration invested enormous efforts in finessing the China factor as it pushed for UN sanctions against Iran in 2010. </i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>And it yielded results. So, like the title says, If You Like the Iran Nuclear Deal, Thank China.</i></span></i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>The historical record implies that the Obama administration didn't quite push the Chinese dragon to its knees; it looks like some serious tummy-tickling of the PRC panda was also involved. </i></span> </i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>A
review of the sanctions campaign against Iran at the UN in 2010 offers
an indication of what was and what might have been: a few months at the
beginning of the Obama administration when the US saw engaging and
haggling with China on Iran as a worthwhile national objective.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>Now, the Chinese key to effective Iran sanctions is becoming is becoming less and less accessible. </i></span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i> </i></span></i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>Because China, unlike the EU, has a suite of countermeasures
to US national sanctions coercion in the financial realm that, though nascent,
could be made more effective and robust by implementing them in the
relatively friendly battlespace of a sanctions war that most US allies
are demonstrably unwilling to support. </i></span> </i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>Count the development of a parallel PRC international financial infrastructure as collateral
damage of the US China rollback policy since 2009 and, more recently designating the PRC as an adversary of the
"rules based international order" and not a legitimate great power
interlocutor. </i></span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>For
well over a decade, the PRC has been planning and preparing against the
oft-brandished US threat of financial warfare via national sanctions,
especially in developing economic
and financial mechanisms like yuan swaps, internationalization of the
RMB, and the long-promised petro-yuan future settlement system to
frustrate US efforts to piggyback national sanctions on top of UNSC
sanctions.</i></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i></i></span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>Since the historical memory of the US foreign policy community is a) selective and b) extremely short, I am reposting this as a reminder that the PRC sellout of Iran was the key element in implementation of the sanctions regime that culminated in the JCPOA agreement.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>For a variety of reasons, including the threat of US diplomatic and financial coercion and also because of hopes of inclusion in a US "responsible stakeholder" condominium, the PRC acquiesced in the sabotage of Iran's attempt to dodge UN sanctions via the fuel swap gambit (by which Iran's notionally scary uranium stuff would be processed out-of-country).</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>The US government and, I suspect, Hillary Clinton took the PRC concession as an indication that the PRC could be rolled, and cooperation on Iran was followed by serial f*ckerai on the Senkakus, South China Sea, &c & ever more determined and capable pushback by the PRC.</i></span></div>
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<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>May 2010 was perhaps the last gasp of PRC-US national engagement.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i></i></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>The following post originally appeared at Asia Times in May 2010. It is reprinted with AT's permission here. For any further reprint permissions, please contact Asia Times.</i></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i> </i> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">China Does a Good Job
of Playing a Bad Hand on Iran Sanctions</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">China's plan to survive
and thrive amid the Obama administration's Iran sanctions drive appears to be
on track--albeit with more than a little public diplomatic cost and
humiliation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">China's canny tactics
have the potential to weaken sanctions at the national as well as UN
level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore, it may still earn the
grudging gratitude of Iran--and even the United States.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">China had agreed to
support the U.S. push for UN sanctions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">When the sanctions
drive was threatened by the Iran/Turkey/Brazil fuel swap agreement (hereinafter
the ITB swap) China gritted its teeth and, instead of supporting this dramatic
and apparently genuine exercise in developing-world diplomacy, undercut it by
acquiescing to America's rushed riposte: the announcement that a draft sanctions
resolution approved by the P5+1 would be circulated to the Security Council.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">To observers that
expected China to champion the rights and interests of nations outside the
Western bloc, it was not a pretty picture.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The resolution
announcement incensed Brazil and Turkey, two natural allies in China's plans
for a new, post-U.S. world order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Iran's reaction to
China's actions has been muted, even though its foreign minister, Manouchehr
Mottaki, was reportedly thunderstruck when a Reuters correspondent told him
about the resolution announcement on May 19 in Dushanbe.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Within China, indignant
netizens employed salty language to excoriate China's capitulation to the
United States--and its wordy, parsing efforts to justify the government's
actions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">One aggrieved commenter
wrote:</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">So, you want to live
like a whore and then have a ceremonial arch erected to commemorate your
chastity!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Don't think the Chinese people
don't understand what's going on!</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">As China's foreign
ministry reached out to Turkey and Brazil to praise the fuel swap deal and
repair China's standing in the developing world, two complementary editorials
in China's influential Global Times--one in English for a Western audience and
one in Chinese for everybody else--laid out Beijing's case and labored to
salvage China's public image as an independent and principled world power.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">But at the same time it
made it clear that the PRC was not going to attempt to exploit the ITB swap
announcement in order to embarrass the United States and decouple from the
sanctions drive. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">In fact, the editorials
laid out a position comforting to the United States: that more than the fuel
swap agreement was needed if Iran wished to avoid sanctions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The English-language
editorial stated:</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Should Iran really make
up its mind to break the long impasse, more substantive steps are needed before
the rest of the world can be more convinced.</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Implementing the
fuel-swap deal is certainly one option for Tehran to assure the world of the
sole peaceful purpose of its nuclear program.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">There are more feasible
options available. Iran's claims of trustworthiness will be more persuasive if
greater transparency is given to its nuclear program.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">...</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tehran would be
shortsighted and unwise if it merely manipulated the fuel-swap deal as a tactic
to stave off more UN-led sanctions. </span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">...it is the choices up
to Iran that can make peace a reality in the region.</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">(1) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The Chinese-language
editorial, while criticizing U.S. intransigence, stated:</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Iran has not made sufficient
efforts for foreigners to believe her.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">In principle, the
agreement announced two days before...is a good thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it is not enough to remove the
suspicion...additional actions are necessary...If Iran wants to break this
deadlock, it has to take concrete actions and prove to the world that none of
its activities have anything to do with nuclear weapons.(2)</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The Western media
professes to believe that Chinese support was extorted by threats to come down
hard on China on the issues of currency valuation and the Cheonan sinking.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">However, it appears
that the situation leading up to the sanctions resolution announcement on May
18 was quite the opposite.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The Obama
administration, desperate to keep the ITB swap deal from derailing the
sanctions push, was forced to finalize its negotiations with Russia and China
in conditions that can charitably be described as adverse.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Russia and China were
in the position to make demands--and they did, as the New York Times reported: </span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Among the many
compromises that the United States accepted to get China and Russia to back new
sanctions against Iran was an agreement to limit any reference to the bank — or
Iran’s entire energy sector, for that matter — to the introductory paragraphs
rather than the sanctions themselves, according to American officials and other
diplomats, yielding a weaker resolution than the United States would have
liked.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The standoff between
Washington and Beijing over what economic measures to include in the final
resolution consumed the last 10 days of the negotiations, diplomats said. (3)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Now, UN sanctions
appear inevitable--thanks to China.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">However, China would
harbor no illusions that the UN draft resolution would be the last word on
sanctions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">China's support of UN
sanctions are best understood in the context of the real sanctions--national
and EU sanctions to be imposed on Iran's allies and trading partners after the
UN sanctions pass.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">It has not escaped the
notice of China or Iran that the U.S. media routinely states that negotiations
with Russia and China have diluted the UN resolution to the point of
meaninglessness, and only follow-on sanctions can achieve the desired results.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Since the UN sanctions
are universally regarded as a necessary precondition to national sanctions, it
would appear counterintuitive for China to surrender its leverage over UN
sanctions by spurning the ITB swap--which provided adequate pretext for
slow-walking the UN sanctions process--and, in the Global Times editorial, even
placing additional, seemingly unmeetable demands on Iran beyond the swap as a
condition for halting sanctions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Beijing's cooperation,
including an acknowledgement that the sanctions vote would occur within three
weeks--even under favorable negotiating conditions when it could conceivably
have demanded that the UN sanctions process wait on the outcome of the ITB
swap--implies that Beijing and Washington achieved an understanding concerning
US national sanctions as well.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Immediately following
the announcement of the UN draft, Global Times printed a long, self-justifying
background piece by "a knowledgable party at China's UN Mission in New
York".</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">At a time that one would
think China would be at pains to describe the draft as something forced on
China by the United States, the unnamed source goes out of his or her way to
describe the weeks of intensive negotiations and 20 bilateral meetings between
the U.S. and Chinese representatives that culminated in the draft resolution,
which it endorsed with the unequivocal statement that "we have no
objections to the draft".</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The source lays out the
principles underlying China's agreement to the sanctions process, with the
apparent intention that these painstakingly-negotiated conditions should be
binding on the U.S. as well as China.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">I believe these should
be understand as a signal that China is asserting that the US must observe
these principles not only for the drafting of the UN sanctions but in the
execution of American national sanctions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The key economic
points, as described in the Global Times backgrounder:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">China's important
interests are maintained. China's important interests are...in the matters of
Iran's energy, trade, and financial sectors. China believes that normal
economics and trade should not be punished because of the Iran question nor
should those countries that maintain normal, legal economic relations with Iran
be punished...Through negotiations, this point was satisfied, doing a
relatively good job of upholding China's...important interests.(4)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">These remarks--and the
remarkably forthright support for the American sanctions position reflected in
the Global Times editorials--can therefore be construed as Beijing's public
affirmation of the deal China made with the Obama administration to keep
national sanctions in check.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">As noted above, at
Chinese insistence, references to Iran's financial and energy sectors were
banished to the beginning of the draft resolution, instead of being referenced
in the articles outlining actual sanctions--thereby removing the potential
justification that harsher U.S. national sanctions were necessary in order to
implement of the UNSC resolution mandate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">For its part, the
U.S.engaged in spinning of its own to avoid the impression that it had given
away the store during the rushed weekend negotiation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">On the issue of
Russia's key military sale to Iran--the S300 anti-aircraft battery that is
supposed to give Israel conniptions--the US told its sources that the sale
would be banned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Russians went
public with a statement that they could sell it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">As for the concessions
to China, US sources took pains to assert that the Iranian finance and energy
sector was still fair game:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">That is enough to
pursue companies dealing with either the banks or the energy sector, American
officials said. Whenever the negotiations stalled, Ambassador Susan E. Rice,
the American envoy, warned the Chinese that any measures passed by Congress in
the absence of a United Nations resolution would likely have much greater
consequences for Chinese banks and its trade relations with the United States,
one United Nations diplomat said.(5)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">However, a close
parsing of this paragraph seems to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>indicate that China actually did get what it<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>wanted: Beijing's interests will be targeted
if and only if China doesn't back the UN sanctions resolution.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Once the Security
Council resolution is out of the way, U.S. national sanctions are coming, as a
matter of domestic political necessity and, perhaps, the Obama administration's
attempt to entice Israel into the faltering non-proliferation regime by
isolating and incapacitating Iran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Maximum U.S. national
sanctions go far beyond the U.N.--by design.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pounding on Iran and
supporting Israel are a matter of great importance in Congress.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">A bipartisan Iran
sanctions bill--H.R. 2194: Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and
Divestment Act of 2009--represents the latest iteration in Congress's to date
futile pursuit of the sanctions Holy Grail--shut down of every global loophole
that lets Iran fund its energy development, export oil, and import gasoline.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The bill has been
passed by overwhelming majorities in both houses in slightly different forms
and is now in the hands of a conference committee that will produce the final
bill for President Obama's signature.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Whether or not the bill
includes an explicit exemption for "cooperating countries" a.k.a.
China and Russia as requested by the White House and absolutely detested by
pro-Israel and anti-administration hardliners, President Obama will have the
final discretion in determining what sanctions to apply, and to whom.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">And it appears that it
will be very difficult for President Obama to sanction China after Beijing's
full-throated and politically costly support for UN sanctions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">That in turn may render
moot the vaunted U.S.sanctions against countries and companies involved in
Iran's energy sector and supplying gasoline.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If U.S. companies are sanctioned and China is
not--and, under the draft UN sanctions resolution, presumably the maximum that
China will accept, Beijing has no obligation to engage in energy and finance
sector sanctions--Iran will suffer minimal disruption, China will accrue the
maximum benefits, and American companies will be the losers.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">If the United States
threatens to unleash Stuart Levey and the Treasury hounds on Chinese banks
doing business with Iran, the Obama administration can expect,if not open
defiance, an rapidly increasing interest by Beijing in developing-world
diplomatic initiatives to defuse the Iran crisis that undercuts the rickety
sanctions edifice.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">If, on the other hand,
the Obama administration and Secretary of Defense Gates are less interested in
pursuing dead-end sanctions than they are in creating the geopolitical space to
continue negotiations with Iran over its nuclear program, China's resistance
may provide a welcome excuse for moderating the sanctions regime and preventing
a slide into confrontation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">In any case, China, by
coming--and staying--on board the sanctions bandwagon on its own terms, makes
it much more likely that national as well as UN sanctions will be less
stringent than Iran's most ferocious adversaries hope.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">This background is
perhaps the best explanation of why Iran's public criticism of China's
participation in the UN sanctions resolution exercise has been virtually
non-existent.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">China on the inside of
the sanctions regime is a much more effective bulwark against aggressive,
disruptive sanctions than it could be standing alone with Iran against the
U.S-led campaign.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">(1)
http://opinion.globaltimes.cn/editorial/2010-05/533474_2.html</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">(2)
http://opinion.huanqiu.com/roll/2010-05/821840.html</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">(3)
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/20/world/middleeast/20nuke.html?pagewanted=1&src=me</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">(4)
http://china.huanqiu.com/roll/2010-05/819979.html</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">(5) http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/20/world/middleeast/20nuke.html?pagewanted=1&src=me</span></div>
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<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com21tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-2142535519968136572017-10-11T17:00:00.002-07:002017-10-11T17:00:32.893-07:00China Witch Hunt Warning…Courtesy of Steve Bannon and Miles Kwok<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
I have an interesting story up at Newsbud concerning Miles
Kwok, the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG), and Chinese agents at Voice of America a.k.a. VOA. </div>
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As a parallel narrative, I also touched on Steve
Bannon's rather sinister interest in the BBG.</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ejgj61TAHtw" width="560"></iframe></div>
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Well...</div>
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...the stories intersected on October 10 with this tweet from
Kwok:</div>
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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en">
<div dir="ltr" lang="zh">
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">半年来班农先生一直与我通过朋友有联系.但始终未能见面!</span>10<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">月</span>5<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日华盛顿记者会后.我请杨建利先生</span>Billl<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">与我一起在我的房间与班农先生一起午餐!我们都无比激动高兴!今天</span>10<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">月</span>10<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日班农先生又与团队到纽约我的家一同了</span>3<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">个半小时晚餐!我经他及他的团队同意向我的推友发这个些照片!</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol";">🙏🙏🙏</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">!</span> <a href="https://t.co/6VL8gjBL0V">pic.twitter.com/6VL8gjBL0V</a></div>
—
<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">郭文贵</span>Guo
Wengui <span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol";">✊</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">️</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol";">✊</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">️</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol";">✊</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">️</span>
(@KwokMiles) <a href="https://twitter.com/KwokMiles/status/917957848612655105?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October
11, 2017</a></blockquote>
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Miles and Steve do lunch! </div>
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<br /></div>
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And maybe discuss some unfinished business i.e. the timidity of the prestige media outlets in amplifying Miles Kwok's rather interesting allegations about the PRC, the CCP, and Chinese spook and influence ops inside the USA.</div>
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A few days ago, in an appearance at the National Press
Club, Miles Kwok responded to what looked like a planted question in order to “name
a name”, rather bluntly giving the name of a manager at Voice of America who
is, he alleged, an agent of the Chinese security services.</div>
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I didn’t name the name for the simple reason that I don’t do
witchhunts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gimme a crime, a court, and
due process, not outrage and innuendo funneled through the media is what I say.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The flock of journos from the national media in attendance
(at least moderator Bill Gertz of the Washington Free Beacon, and reporters from the Wall
Street Journal and NPR, who identified themselves when asking questions) chose
not to lead their reports with this rather juicy allegation, even without naming any names.</div>
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Wonder why.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> I don't think the US media is down on witch hunts of foreign influence in our media and politics.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
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I’ve been following the witchhunt against Chinese influence
down in Australia and consider it a template/trial run/warmup for a similar
effort by China journos up here. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
Australia they fling mud with a free hand and name names; but so far, in the case of China, the US media hasn’t.</div>
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<br /></div>
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In this instance, one possible reason is that Miles Kwok is so polarizing and,
quite frankly, skanky a figure that nobody wants to rely on him as a primary
source, at least in public…at the same time every national outlet has been in
contact with Kwok, his large, well-funded team, and his lovingly curated
dossiers on CCP sleaze, either leaked to him by his allies in China or gathered
by his investigators overseas.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Instead, I’m guessing the big outlets are busily engaged in
parallel construction, that is taking the name Miles Kwok put out and trying to
put together a story based on their own reporting and steno from the security
services…and that doesn’t mention Miles Kwok.</div>
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The New York Times has apparently taken this route in the
past, having run at least one story about Wang Qishan and his allegedly corrupt
and arcane financial holdings that parallels what Miles Kwok had been talking
about…but didn’t mention Miles Kwok.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Understandable, perhaps, because one PRC strategy to silence
Kwok seems to be a firm and convincing promise that anybody and everybody who
mentions Kwok’s allegations are going to get sued.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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So, better part of valor-wise, it’s smarter to run with
Miles Kwok’s allegations without being seen to be running with Miles Kwok. And no cause for the VOA manager with a bulls-eye on his back to breathe easier just because an allegation, with or without a name attached, wasn't in the papers the next day.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In addition, there might be some journalistic omerta going
on, since the VOA is a US government-affiliated organization with lots of
buddies in the media world. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Maybe the Broadcasting Board of Governors were
able to prevail upon journalists not to take the incendiary step of starting a
witchhunt inside VOA until the story was absolutely locked down…and/or the BBG
had ample time to clean its own house/prep for the public relations fallout.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This genteel, old school crisis management may not prevail because
Steve Bannon has his eyes on China, Voice of America, the BBG…and Miles Kwok.</div>
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With Steve Bannon involved, I’d say we might be looking at
torches and pitchforks instead of a nice, orderly kangaroo court…and something
other than the inspiring story of a noble struggle against insidious Chinese
influence that China hawks hope to use as a framing device for their political
and policy campaign.</div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Watch the whole episode by joining Newsbud.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or you can watch it simply by renting the
Vimeo feed for $1.95.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" mozallowfullscreen="" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/237689966" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="640"></iframe></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://vimeo.com/237689966">It’s Here! The
Rathunt for Chinese Spies and American Traitors Has Begun!</a> from <a href="https://vimeo.com/newsbud">Newsbud</a> on <a href="https://vimeo.com/">Vimeo</a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The <i>a la carte</i> Vimeo offering is a nice feature for cheapskates, tirekickers who want a
testdrive before they pay the Newsbud subscription fee, or for people who have
a specialized interest in the witchhunt against Chinese influence looming over
American politics, media, and academia.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com91tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-20029818893000144682017-09-22T17:43:00.000-07:002017-09-22T17:43:47.390-07:00Chuck Hagel's Demise...and James Fanell's Rise...and Australia!<div class="MsoNormal">
The dismissal of an unwilling Chuck Hagel as Secretary of Defense in 2014 was, I think, a watershed in the fortunes of the China hawks, both in the Pentagon and at Pacific Command.<br />
<br />
Perhaps because it is bad form to explore the possibility that Hagel was purged for insufficient enthusiasm for a pro-active China confrontation agenda, nobody went there. But I did. Natch.<br />
<br />
In 2015, I buried my analysis in a tediously long piece that was meant to give an overview of the evolution of US China policy, and provide a corrective to the "Chinese aggression" meme that China hawks like to lean on.<br />
<br />
The narrative of escalating Chinese aggression is central to the China hawks' thesis that we need an escalating response. <br />
<br />
Rather interestingly, today a lot of this narrative is coming out of Australia. Google "Chinese influence Australia" and you'll get an idea of the barrage of local and global coverage keying on the skillfully shaped message that Chinese influence--though it is not illegal--must be feared.<br />
<br />
I've recently come to the conclusion that spate of panic stricken reports emerging from Australia concerning the China menace in economics, politics, and academics are a belated and improvised substitute for what was supposed to be the real deal: a pivot from Obama namby-pambyism to steely Clinton resolve to confront China in 2016.<br />
<br />
The unexpected Trump victory--and the determined gutting of the State Department by Team Trump--has temporarily put paid to dreams of running a united and highly coordinated global anti-China initiative out of a Clinton White House drawing on allies and assets in Asia and Europe. <br />
<br />
Instead, the aggressive anti-China alliance is being improvised in exile and, in Australia, with the support of James Clapper, who did a visiting scholar thing down there, the unflagging efforts of the Lowy Institute (which, in addition to serving as the FP mouthpiece of the Lowy family, which bundled for the Hillary Clinton presidential campaign <i>and </i>contributed coin to the Clinton Foundation, also employs Hillary Clinton's foreign policy major domo Jake Sullivan), and the assistance of a local flock of eager pro-US China hawks at Australian unis and think tanks and in the media.<br />
<br />
More significantly, I'm guessing Team Clinton might be getting more than a little help from the king of PACOM's China hawks, Admiral Harry Harris, in supporting the Australian natsec establishment in eliciting a remarkably aggressive anti-China posture out of previously dovish Malcolm Turnbull.<br />
<br />
Admiral Harris, indeed, is rumored to be ready to retire from the US Navy to take over as US Ambassador to Australia next year, which would give him the opportunity to get hands-on in coordinating the China confrontainment mission.<br />
<br />
With this perspective, it's interesting to read what I wrote in 2015 after Chuck Hagel hit the bricks:<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Now, of course, the
DoD has a new boss—Secretary of Defense Ash Carter; and PACCOM has a new
commander—Admiral Harry Harris, and the general consensus is that the muscular
defense sector has wrestled China policy away from the milquetoastian White
House.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interestingly, Admiral Harris was
previously the Pentagon’s liaison to to the State Department under Hillary
Clinton as well as John Kerry, which reinforces my impression that Hillary
Clinton and her foreign policy advisors have pre-loaded China policy with her
supporters, and I expect things to get ugly quickly so that the nasty and
awkward business of starting the confrontation can be done under Obama before
Clinton enters office.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">As I put it elsewhere:
Hillary wants to inherit her China crisis from Obama, not foment it herself.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">And maybe now we've had to outsource the crisis to Australia!</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i><br />
For those who want to go through a lengthy and taxing account of how the China hawks developed their narrative and strategies since 2010, there's the full 2015 piece: <a href="http://chinamatters.blogspot.com/2015/06/its-official-america-has-china.html">It's Official. America Has a China Containment Policy</a>. <br />
<br />
For those who want to read about Chuck Hagel getting shivved (a story I don't think anybody has told in full) read on in this tasty excerpt:<br />
<br />
The Chuck Hagel years (Feb 2013-15) are a sore point for US
hawks, and perhaps explain why they like to date the South China Sea crisis to
2012 and a period of accommodation/appeasement/common sense during which the
PRC ran amok in the South China Sea, and not 2010 when the carnival really
started.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In an end-2013 piece on the South China Sea, <a href="https://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/a79b504a-46bf-45be-a587-9ed51592a289/The-Bull-in-the-China-Shop--Raising-Tensions-in-th.aspx"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bull In The China Shop</i></a>, Professor Pedrozo, the legal muse for China hawks in the navy,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(now at the US Naval War College, the go-to
institution for US SCS lawfare) gave full rein to his China hawk side.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Beginning with an epigraph from Franklin
Roosevelt, “When you see a rattlesnake poised to strike, you do not wait until
he has struck before you crush him”,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and
concluding with an exhortation to America, with its allies, to “stand up to
Chinese brinkmanship before it is too late”, Pedrozo’s piece is also remarkable
for the venom it displays toward then Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel,
PACCOM’s Admiral Locklear, and the Obama China team for its caution/appeasement
in dealing with the PRC on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cowpens </i>incident,
the East China Sea ADIZ, and the tussle over Scarborough Shoal.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A key event in 2014 was a <a href="http://www.stripes.com/blogs/stripes-central/stripes-central-1.8040/what-happens-when-a-navy-officer-gets-real-on-china-1.269604">speech</a> given in February by a key
Navy insider and China hawk, Captain James Fanell
to a US Naval Institute conference, in which he stated: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“[We] concluded that the PLA has been given the new task to
be able to conduct a short, sharp war to destroy Japanese forces in the East
China Sea, following with what can only be expected a seizure of the Senkakus
or even a southern Ryukyu [island] — as some of their academics say.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Maybe bullshit, as in Fanell seizing on the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“everybody has a warplan for every
contingency” thing to make China-bashing hay.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But the key element was that Captain Fannel was the head of intelligence
for PACCOM…and he had gone off rez.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And he had gone off rez <a href="http://www.stripes.com/blogs/stripes-central/stripes-central-1.8040/what-happens-when-a-navy-officer-gets-real-on-china-1.269604">at the same time that Secretary Hagel was prepping</a> for a make-nice trip with the PRC.<br />
<br /></div>
<i>Fanell’s comments come at the same time that Washington is arranging a trip
for Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel to Beijing, with the expressed goal of
enhancing U.S.-China military-to-military relationships. U.S. military
officials want this relationship, among other reasons, to prevent some of the
tense encounters between U.S. and Chinese ships in recent years.</i><br />
<br />
<i>
</i><i>In that context, Washington officials, when asked about Fanell’s comments,
dismissed them.</i><br />
<br />
<br />
<i>
</i><i>Army Chief of Staff Gen. Ray Odierno, who has been in Beijing laying the
groundwork for Hagel’s visit, went a step further.</i><br />
<br />
<i>
</i><i>Asked about Fanell’s “short, sharp war” assessment, <a href="http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-02-21/news/sns-rt-us-china-usa-military-20140221_1_south-china-sea-military-exchanges-u-s-navy" target="_blank">Odierno responded: "I've seen no indications of that at
all."</a></i><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
And Fanell’s speech to an obscure conference about East
Asian hypotheticals miraculously received the widest possible attention in the
non-specialist media.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Fanell was reassigned i.e. demoted in November 2014 (took a while, didn’t
it?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Admiral Harris, at the time the
nominated but not yet confirmed Commander, Pacific Command, promoted from
Commander, Pacific Fleet [and Fanell’s boss], did the dirty, perhaps as a
condition of his new employment).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Navy Times<a href="http://www.navytimes.com/story/military/2014/11/10/senior-navy-intel-officer-removed-for-controversial-comments-on-china/18789539/"> reported</a>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Fanell's views have supporters inside naval intelligence,
and he has become a high-profile spokesman for a more alarmist view of the rise
of China than those espoused by Navy senior leadership, an intelligence source
who spoke to Navy Times said. Fanell's articles on China have been published by
Hoover Digest, Naval Intelligence Professionals Quarterly and the U. S. Naval
Institute's Proceedings.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So Fanell was gone, but guess what?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two weeks later, Hagel was gone as well!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Supposedly Hagel was booted because he wasn’t up to the IS
challenge, but I wonder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m not
alone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2014%2F11%2F24%2Fwhere-did-chuck-hagel-go-wrong&ei=aESHVfu5GZLEogS5sYCwBw&usg=AFQjCNGtYeE21arlgFKyxCgOEdUXdCr9Cw&sig2=sueu6nFKgQUJQv45nGEuJw&bvm=bv.96339352,d.cGU">Per <i>US News & World Reports</i></a>
at the announcement of Hagel’s involuntary retirement:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>“I can’t figure out what he did to merit being voted off the island,” says
Eric Edelman, who until 2009 served as the undersecretary of defense for
policy, essentially the No. 3 position at the Pentagon. </i><br />
<br />
<i>
</i><i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He gave them the strategy and the
budget they asked for and wanted,” Edelman says. The White House has planned <a href="http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/11/12/what-afghanistan-must-learn-from-iraq-amid-isis-creep" title="Link: http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/11/12/what-afghanistan-must-learn-from-iraq-amid-isis-creep">for
a military drawdown</a> after wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and a reset
toward a <a href="http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/12/26/steaming-for-the-pacific-an-almost-impossible-re-balancing-act">renewed
presence in the Pacific</a>. “I understand there were a few occasions when he
may have leaned a little too far forward on his skis with regards to ISIS. But
it’s kind of hard to figure out what it is they found lacking in his
performance.”</i><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
US Middle East policy in 2015 is, for lack of a better term,
still totally for sh*t under Ash Carter and still characterized by conflicted
flailing and an utter unwillingness by the US uniformed forces to re-embrace
the jihadi tar baby, a sentiment that Hagel shared completely, but Asia
policy…well, galloping along in the new hawkish direction.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Fanell retired too, but his January 31, 2015 retirement party was
pretty much a victory lap and a sounding of the China threat tocsin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his farewell speech, Fanell <a href="http://americanadmiraltybooks2.blogspot.com/2015/02/transcript-retirement-speech-of-capt.html">said</a>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">[T]he Communist Party of China’s
designs stand in direct contrast to espoused U.S. national security objectives
of freedom of navigation and free access to markets for all of Asia. </span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">This not only threatens our own
national security, but is also very clearly upsetting the entire Asia Pacific
region has enjoyed for over 70 years. </span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The challenge, as I have seen it, is
for intelligence professionals to make the case, to tell the truth and to
convince national decision and policy makers to realize that China’s rise, if
left unchecked or undeterred, will necessarily disrupt the peace and stability
of our friends, partners and allies. We should not have to wait for an
actual shooting war to start before we acknowledge there is a problem and
before we start taking serious action. The “Rebalance” is a good first
step forward, but it must be backed up with a real, tangible deterrent force
and we must stand-up to Beijing’s propaganda and bullying campaign, especially
those that come at the expense of our allies and partners.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To continue the synchronicity of Hagel & Fanell’s
careers, Hagel’s retirement ceremony took place three days earlier and was, we
can say, <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2930652/Obama-plays-tensions-outgoing-Defense-Sec-Chuck-Hagel-retirement-ceremony-thanks-frank-honest.html#ixzz3dj5yClb3">shrouded in defeat & failure</a>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<i><span style="font-size: 14.5pt;">A senior Pentagon
official told NBC News at the time that Hagel was asked to step down because
the president no longer had confidence in his ability to lead the military as
it struggled to defeat Islamic extremists waging war in the Middle East.</span></i><br />
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<i><span style="font-size: 14.5pt;">'He wasn’t up to the
job,' the official said. </span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<i><span style="color: black;"><br />
...</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Today
Earnest's stand-in, Deputy Press Secretary Eric Schultz, said 'friction'
between the White House and the Pentagon is 'something that predates this
administration.'</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<i><span style="color: black;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; line-height: 115%;">...</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Schultz said
the White House believes it has 'good relationships with the military leaders.'</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: black;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Uh-huh.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
With Hagel gone, the US on track to extract new defense
guidelines from Japan, and with the DoD in the hands of the China hawks, it was
clear to the PRC it was time to make hay while the sun shone and get its facts
on the water for a prolonged period of China containment struggle, one that
might endure for the next decade factoring in the possibility of two terms for
Hillary Clinton.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12265028.post-15539866469997104542017-06-16T16:03:00.000-07:002017-06-16T16:09:24.810-07:00Four Corners/Fairfax Levels Up to US-Class National Security Steno Work on China<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
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There's a big to-do about an investigative thing by Australia's Four Corners/Fairfax Media concerning Chinese influence in Australia.</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-05/asio-china-spy-raid/8589094">ASIO
investigation targets Communist Party links to Australian political system</a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
ASIO is the Australian Security Intelligence Organization, which curated the dossiers that Four Corners/Fairfax assiduously summarized and spun.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I think the series is highly significant, perhaps not in the way the journos hoped and intended, and the June 21 episode of China Watch will pick apart the details. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
That's a teaser, folks. China Watch is behind the paywall, so you gotta open your wallets. I'm proud of what I'm doing there, it's unavailable elsewhere, and its worth more than what you're paying to watch <i>Orange is the New Black </i>on Netflix.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So pony up.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A couple notes that didn't make it into the broadcast.</div>
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I found this <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-07/andrew-robb-china-consultancy-role-billionaire-scott-ryan/8596854">nugget</a> rather interesting:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Special Minister of State Scott Ryan has defended former trade minister
Andrew Robb, who took an $880,000 part-time job as a consultant to a
Chinese billionaire days after the 2016 federal election.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Robb was handled rather gently, even though the billionaire in question was the guy who took the 99-year lease on Darwin port, the one that gave conniptions to the US natsec community. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Wonder why.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The second thing that struck me was the emphasis on "the Chinese Communist Party" instead of "the People's Republic of China" as the evil agency behind the Chinese billionaires.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The CCP doesn't do overseas espionage, as far as I can tell. So that would seem to hinder the attempt to inflate the Chinese espionage menace. And the other big deal was Chinese billionaires Huang Xiangmo & Chau Chak Wing were big bucks contributors to Australian political parties which is legal even for foreigners down there and Chau's even an Australian citizen.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I got no problem with allegations that China is buyin' and spyin' and oppressin' and surveillin' inside Australia. But the report was more along the lines of choreographed threat inflation.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The bulk of the report was, to be unkind, third-rate national security journo-ing. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On China Watch, I was going to cite the instances of crude, dog-whistling assertions trotted out instead of hard facts but the list got too darn long. So I'm doing it here.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At the end of this post, I document the atrocities from just one of the articles, which obligingly passes along a report from the ASIO about a break-in it conducted on Sheri Yan's apartment in 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Sheri Yan probably deserves a post for herself. She ran what looked like a Clinton Foundation clone, the Global Sustainability Foundation, that got funds from Chinese moneybags and delivered access to and if possible allegedly favors from UN bureaucrats. According to the U.S. government, in the person of NeverTrump celebrity Preet Bahara, Yan passed on some of that money as bribes to UN officials, including John Ashe, who became president of the UN General Assembly.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One billionaire she allegedly did errands for was Chau Chak Wing. If that was the case, Yan took the fall--she's doing 20 months in federal prison--instead of rolling over on him. Another was Ng Lap Seng, who was named and nailed in the indictment.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This Ng Lap Seng.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbOGVYR2KEn81FNEJXSB1rGCwB0WYVsrXsC49oOEH9UMRnh3ZRzP7WXIKqRyYjyh0sPYmTtV2ZNDJrYLaL7Xui10g5bC6PVlCoNPUuvg_1RWhP6e3hsvz61boyaoByaaPQBg-qbQ/s1600/3D8C172000000578-4251046-image-a-6_1487870681356.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="634" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbOGVYR2KEn81FNEJXSB1rGCwB0WYVsrXsC49oOEH9UMRnh3ZRzP7WXIKqRyYjyh0sPYmTtV2ZNDJrYLaL7Xui10g5bC6PVlCoNPUuvg_1RWhP6e3hsvz61boyaoByaaPQBg-qbQ/s640/3D8C172000000578-4251046-image-a-6_1487870681356.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ng's first brush with bribery in the US (but no conviction!) was in the 1990s. He won fame in the United States in 1997 for funneling a few hundred thousand dollars to Bill Clinton through Little Rock restauranteur Charlie Trie, visiting the White House a few times, and helping lose Al Gore the White House with the "Chinagate" scandal.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
An interesting data point is the allegation that the Clinton-related influence buying in the US was reputedly ordered by Jiang Zemin when Jiang was running the show and felt China needed a little more post-Tiananmen international political oomph. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/2009351-un-bribery-scandal-implicates-ccps-jiang-faction/">According to the indefatigably anti-Jiang Zemin</a> Epoch Times, Chau Chak Wing is also a member of Jiang's Shanghai clique. In my China Watch video I speculate that Australia has become a haven for Shanghai clique members seeking to escape the attentions of Xi Jinping and Wang Qishan, and their credentials as trusted PRC state actors are open to question.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Anyway, ASIO, the FBI, and whoever obviously has a hardon for these people, maybe along the lines of, Hey, they bribed Clintons so we'll get 'em for this! and believe they deserve to be nailed no matter what. Four Corners/Fairfax obliged by cranking up the innuendo machine.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Here I am documenting the dishonest dossier hustling in the Sheri Yan piece, with my disapproving sniffing in boldface:</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“The raid…<b>reflects deep concern</b> inside ASIO”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“it is the Chinese Communist party <b>causing the greatest
concern</b>…”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“ASIO<b> suspected</b>…that Ms Yan’s activities extended well
beyond bribery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Classifed material
shared between FBI counter-espionage officials and ASIO…<b>suggested</b> Ms Yan <b>may have
been</b> working with Chinese intelligence.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“<b>It is understood</b> the investigation into Ms Yan <b>involves
suspicions</b> she <b></b>infiltrated or sought clandestine influence
in Australia and the US on behalf of the Chinese Communist Party.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Professor Rory Medcalf…says the ASIO raid <b>would not have
occurred without…input</b> from many parts of the Australian national security
community”…”the targeting <b>reflects</b> a small part of a ‘<b>deep and real
concern</b>’…Eight serving government officials, who spoke on the condition of anonymity,
<b>broadly confirmed Mr. Medcalf’s assessment</b>…also confirmed …the agency had been
collating intelligence <b>suggesting</b>…ASIO <b>feared</b> the campaign was
succeeding…</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>[ASIO] prepared an extraordinary document…at the top was a diagram
representing the Chinese Communist Party <b>with lines connected this diagram</b> to
photos of two Chinese born billionaires [Huang and Chau].</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Donors<b> could be</b> channels to advance Beijing’s interests:
AISO.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“[Lewis] said ‘be careful’…he was
saying the <b>connections</b> between these guys and the Communist Party<b> is strong</b>”…</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the oh, for f*ck's sake column, here's the takeaway the head of ASIO offered the political parties while wielding his "extraordinary" picture-and-line filled document:</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>In
his briefing, Mr. Lewis was<b> careful to stress that neither Dr. Chau nor Huang
Xianmo was accused of any crime and that Mr. Lewis wasn’t instructing the
parties to stop taking their donations</b>.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Back to the smear stuff:<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i> </i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“We <b>have to assume</b> that individuals like that have <b>really
deep, serious connections</b> to the Chinese Communist Party”.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“Mr. Medcalf said ASIO’s decision to come out of the shadows
and identify Dr Chua in its briefings is “certainly unusual”…”it would reflect
<b>very real concern</b>”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>If Dr Chau has taken a position on any policy issue in
Australia he’s not done so publicly…But for parts of the Chinese Communist
Party, access to the right networks <b>may be worthwhile</b> in and of itself.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><br />
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<i>This <b>may be</b> why Sheri Yan sought to compromise UN chief John
Ashe, according to former CIA officer turned China watcher Peter Mattis.</i></div>
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The magnificent coda to this effort is provided by a Ford Foundation guy: </div>
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<i>“John Fitzgerald, a former Ford Foundation director…told
Four Corners and Fairfax Media of a warning he received from an “old friend in
Australia’s security establishment” to “stay away from Yan”.</i></div>
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<i>
</i><br />
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<i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>“Once you know that,
you don’t need to know much more.”</b></i></div>
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Well, Fitzgerald's sharing that corner with...Four Corners/Fairfax.<br />
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Watch my June 21 episode to learn why this circus is going global.<br />
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com209