The bloody farce in the Ukraine took another ugly turn with
the shootdown of MH 17.
And to be ugly about it, if the rebels shot the plane down,
it shouldn’t matter very much except as a horrible and unexpected catastrophe
in a war zone and an overwhelming tragedy to the survivors of the victims on board. Call it an accident,
collateral damage, manslaughter, there is no credible version of events in
which it was intentional mass murder or terrorism, either by the rebels or
Russian technicians that, according to the Ukrainian government, possessed the
ability to operate the elderly but complex anti-aircraft systems fingered in
the attack.
Recall the US shootdown of Iran Air Flight 655 in 1988 by
the USS Vincennes. It was also an ugly
business. The Iran Air jet was on a
standard civilian flight path with its transponders on; the Vincennes through
some bit of naval derring-do had actually intruded into Iranian territorial
waters when it shot the plane down (something that was only admitted by the US
three years later). 290 people died, the
US never apologized, but eventually paid out some money to smooth things over,
not in a particularly classy way, according to a 2002 account:
The US had compensated
non-Iranian victims about 2.9 million dollars (not acknowledging any responsibility)
but nothing to Iranian family members. In 1996, a 131.8 million dollar settlement
was reached that included the ignored families (61.8 million). Seventy million
was to be put into bank accounts and used to "pay off private U.S.
claims against Iran and Iran's expenses for the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal, which is handling
the claims." The US stated it was for claims "involving banking
matters, not the airliner," while Iran said that 30 million was for the plane.
The shootdown was accompanied by the usual quotient of dishonest
denial and blame shifting.
The following day, the
Pentagon held a news conference on the incident. After originally having flatly
denied Iran's version of the event, saying that it had shot down an F-14
fighter and not a civilian aircraft, the State Department (after a review of
the evidence) admitted the downing of Iran Air 655. It was claimed that the
plane had "strayed too close to two U.S. Navy warships that were engaged
in a battle with Iranian gunboats" and, according to the spokesman, that
the "proper defensive action" was taken (in part) because the
"suspect aircraft was outside the prescribed commercial air corridor"
(Washington Post).
That it "strayed" from its normal, scheduled flight path is factually incorrect. And so was the claim that it was heading right for the ship and "descending" (emphasis, mine) toward it—it was ascending. Another "error" was the contention that it took place in international waters (it did not, a fact only later admitted by the government). Incorrect maps were used when Congress was briefed on the incident.
That it "strayed" from its normal, scheduled flight path is factually incorrect. And so was the claim that it was heading right for the ship and "descending" (emphasis, mine) toward it—it was ascending. Another "error" was the contention that it took place in international waters (it did not, a fact only later admitted by the government). Incorrect maps were used when Congress was briefed on the incident.
In an interesting sidebar, the “planeful of naked corpses”
conspiracy canard (for which Western journos have repeatedly mocked a Ukrainian rebel
militia leader who was, presumably, dumbfounded by the grotesque carnage of the
crash) was first deployed by right wing US radio commentators to accuse Iran of
staging a provocation by flying a plane of naked corpses at the Vincennes.
The Iran Air shootdown was classified as a goof—although the
Iranians declared it rose to the level of criminal misconduct (and have been
accused of engineering the Lockerbie bombing as retaliation)--and the captain
of the Vincennes was condemned by his fellow officers as a reckless dingbat, per Wikipedia:
Craig, Morales & Oliver, in a slide presentation published in M.I.T.'s Spring 2004 Aeronautics & Astronautics as the "USS Vincennes Incident", commented that Captain Rogers had "an undeniable and unequivocal tendency towards what I call 'picking a fight.'" On his own initiative, Rogers moved the Vincennes 50 miles (80 km) northeast to join the USS Montgomery. An angry Captain Richard McKenna, Chief of Surface Warfare for the Commander of the Joint Task Force, ordered Rogers back to Abu Musa, but the Vincennes helicopter pilot, Lt Mark Collier, followed the Iranian speedboats as they retreated north, eventually taking some fire:
...the Vincennes jumps back into the fray. Heading towards the majority of the speedboats, he is unable to get a clear target. Also, the speedboats are now just slowly milling about in their own territorial waters. Despite clear information to the contrary, Rogers informs command that the gunboats are gathering speed and showing hostile intent and gains approval to fire upon them at 0939. Finally, in another fateful decision, he crosses the 12-nautical-mile (22 km) limit off the coast and enters illegally into Iranian waters.[42]
Captain Rogers was not officially censured for the
shootdown; instead, two years later he was awarded the Legion of Merit for his
services while captain of the Vincennes and soon after retired.
There you have it.
So, by the ordinary standards of murderous military
ineptitude, the fallout from the MH 17 tragedy would be disorganization and
denial, an exhaustive and time-consuming investigation, a belated
acknowledgment of responsibility, no legal consequences, and the application of
some financial emollient eight or so years down the road.
This is obviously Putin’s goal, whether or not rebel forces
were complicit (which I should say is not yet a slam dunk, despite the
declarations of the US government), an objective which the US and many of its
allies are determined to deny him.
There have been several attempts to frame the accidental
shootdown as an episode of Putin barbarism that places him and his government
beyond the civilized pale and in the fatal zone of illegitimate pariah state
upon whom demands can be made, whose calls for due process can be swept
aside, and is fair game for whatever principled skullduggery the democratic powers
can concoct.
The first and, to be blunt, most ludicrous episode was “corpse
gate”, an attempt to depict the militias, and by extension their purported
puppetmaster, Putin, as inhumanly callous in their treatment of the remains of
the nearly 300 people that had fallen from the sky.
The militias were clearly overwhelmed by the vast disaster
scene and the question of how to secure it properly. No doubt there was looting—an endemic problem
at all crash sites, even in the civilized United States—and possibly the idea
of diddling with evidence and getting the black boxes into friendly Russian
hands. As to the disgusting drunkenness
allegedly exhibited by some militia members, crash scenes are horrible, they
can be extremely traumatic, and it is not out of the question that some militia
members turned to alcoholic oblivion to deal with the scenes they had witnessed.
But the media tried to latch on to the idea that the
militias were committing a crime against humanity by dragging the rotting
bodies hither and yon through the 88-degree heat and eventually loading them
into refrigerated rail cars. In this
effort the militias worked together with emergency services of the Ukranian
government, which somehow made it on site, a fact that was ignored in the
accusations of militia barbarism. Once
the body bags were put on the train, there was also some attempt to flay the
militias for not immediately pulling the train out of the station, even though
the root problem seems to have been the Ukrainian government’s inability to
come up with dispatch instructions.
Then there was “destruction of evidence gate”. Again, beyond the militias’ fiddling with
luggage and removal of bodies, there is no credible reportage that they were
attempting to tamper with the key evidence: the immense debris field of plane
wreckage.
On US ABC News, an aviation expert, John Nance, pointed out that the key forensic evidence to be gleaned from the crash site
would be shrapnel impact on the airframe, which would indicate what struck the
plane (SAM, air to air missile or whatever) and where, and is available in
abundance across the crash site. The
black box recorders would be unlikely to yield useful information on the instantaneously
catastrophic event itself, nor would the bodies.
The key evidence for the overall investigation will be the surveillance records of US and
Russian satellites and radars, which should be able to identify where the
missiles came from, as well as addressing accusations that Kyiv fighters were
shadowing the jet, etc.
If indeed MH17 was destroyed by a surface to air missile at
30,000 feet, the culprit would appear to be a BUK mobile air defense battery, a
Soviet product extensively deployed across the remains of the USSR. The Russians have them—and the Ukrainian
government has accused Russia of shuttling units across the border in order to
do the dirty on Ukrainian military aircraft.
The rebels might have captured one or more units; it’s unclear whether
the Ukrainian military actually disabled them before abandoning them, as they
claimed. The Ukrainian government also
has its own working BUK units; despite government denials that there was any
need to deploy anti-aircraft batteries in the east, AP had photographs of
a Ukrainian BUK battery trundling through Slavyansk in early July to protect
its ATO units against potential Russian airstrikes.
The Russians have already distributed a fair amount of
evidentiary chaff of varying quality, claiming that a Ukranian BUK radar was
switched on at the time of the incident; Robert Parry’s US defense sources are
also telling him there’s a suspicion that a Ukrainian BUK battery was responsible.
So, in an ordinary investigation, plenty of he said/she
said, fog o’ war, bluster, obfuscation and the prospect that a mutually
acceptable story will be sorted out months if not years down the road.
As to the “restricting access to crash site gate” the
subject of much indignant huffing and a newly-minted UNSC resolution (which
Russia supported) this appears to be a canard.
Most Western journalists in the field have reported that
they easily passed through rebel checkpoints and wandered unrestricted through
the crash site (one journo was castigated for actually rifling through a victim’s
luggage to illustrate his video report), and noted that, if anybody was
delaying the arrival of the international investigatory team, it was the
Ukrainian government (which held 100+ international experts in Kyiv until “security
issues” could be sorted out). Further
cognitive dissonance was assured when Kyiv forces launched several attacks in
Donetsk, not exactly conducive to the ceasefire intended to facilitate the investigation,
and also endangering the passage of the “corpse train” that everybody was, at
least a couple days ago, so worked up about.
To date, the US strategy seems to be to crank up the
indignation machine by whatever means come to hand, in this case excoriating
Russia for obstructions of the investigation that aren’t occurring, in order to
justify immediate further sanctions that would short circuit Russia’s desire
for a conventional, legalistic, and protracted investigation.
As of this writing, the international experts have arrived at
the crash site, the rebels, after some unedifying back and forth, have coughed up
the black boxes, and there seems to be little that the West can currently
complain about.
But the United States is perhaps considering this unpalatable
contingency.
Will it demand an immediate and intrusive inventory of
Russian and rebel BUK units “or else”?
Hold Russia responsible for non-appearance of rebel
witnesses/suspects? Issue a pre-emptive
US declaration that the culprits have been identified, coupled with a demand to
produce them? Or content itself with the boilerplate declaration that Russia is not doing enough to rein in the east Ukrainian militias? We shall see.
By now, I think sanctions are an end in themselves for US
Russia policy.
My outsider’s impression is that the US foreign policy for
Russia has been pretty much captured by doctrinaire anti-Russians in a
diplomatic and military deep state that pretty much permeates and survives
every incoming administration. The
Russia desk has had a reasonably good run since the collapse of the Soviet
Union, and I think today the prevailing idea is that oligarch anxieties about
the sanctioning of their overseas assets will soon reach a tipping point (see
this article about “horror of the oligarchs”),
and the “Atlanticists”, perhaps led by that nice Mr. Medvedev, will club
together against Putin’s “Eurasianists” and pull the plug on his dreams of
confronting the West as an equal and opposite force.
Maybe Putin will need more of a shove—he’s an ex-KGB guy
with multiple assets in the Russian elite and his current approvals are running
over 80%--but there’s an app for that: intensified sanctions.
So sanctions, and more sanctions. Sanctions for Crimea, sanctions for succoring
the separatist uprising, now sanctions related to the plane crash. Sanctions that will never go away, no matter
what Putin does, as long as he stays in power.
Best case, some combination of popular and elite revulsion
pushes Putin from power and a new regime approaches the West as
supplicant. Worst case, Russia =
Venezuela, neutered by perpetual sanctions, vitriol, economic and political
warfare, and subversion.
The key point, at this stage, is for the US to get European
buy-in—especially from Angela Merkel, who is demonstrably less than
enthusiastic about having a constitutionally dysfunctional relationship with
Russia (and not enamored of the continual political heat brought by revelations
of US spying)—so that the US is isolating Russia, and not the other way around.
My sense of the situation, especially from the Asian
perspective, is that the US is in danger of overplaying its hand, indeed that
it has a bad case of tunnel vision in which it is fixated on the goal of
sticking it to Putin at the expense of US global interests.
With its almost comical insistence that “the world” is
uniting against Russia (which only counts if “the world” is defined as the
Atlantic democracies and their close allies and China, India, et. al. are
excluded) and, even more damagingly, the US insistence on peddling the Russia =
the world’s greatest monster story even as the United States condones the
catastrophic and much more bloody Israel incursion into Gaza, the US is accelerating
the natural trend toward disintermediation of America in significant chunks of
the global diplomatic and economic system.
The PRC occasionally comes in for mockery for its alleged hubris
in wishing to elevate the Chinese RMB to the status of an international
currency. However, I don’t think the PRC’s
near term objective, or even desire, is to assume the glorious but extremely
onerous burden of displacing the US dollar as the international reserve
currency.
Instead, I think there are tactical as well as strategic
forces in play, inspired in part by Russia’s sanctions miseries as well as the PRC's own experiences with covert as well as overt US financial sanctions relating to China's Iran and North Korea transactions, which date back to the George W. Bush years. The PRC approach reflects
the difficulty of sustaining strict capital controls on a national currency
when China’s economy is increasingly open to the world; and the risk that a
more freely-trading Chinese currency can bring to the PRC in its current
competition and incipient clash with the United States.
So the PRC internationalizes the yuan in a series of
bilateral agreements with key trading partners, so that its financial
transactions increasingly exit the dollar and are less vulnerable to US and
Western sanctions; it tries to push its investors to look for adequate returns
in friendly regions rather than dumping excess funds in Western financial
centers; and it cracks down on corruption and capital flight so that its oligarchs will be
less exposed to financial and legal blackmail in places like London and the
United States. And for that matter, it
offers the enticement to global financial centers of profitable, high-volume
trading in yuan, a fungible benefit that can be diverted somewhere else if a
jurisdiction turns unfriendly.
And the Xi Jinping regime must take into account the
possibility that the outrage and sanctions machine, so intensively deployed
against Russia over Ukraine, will be employed against the People’s Republic of
China.
The United States is backing off from its stated “honest
broker” position in the South China Sea to a tilt toward China’s adversaries,
offering the possibility of direct confrontation over the PRC’s maritime claims
and use of the sanctions regime to punish PRC misbehavior. Taiwan is inexorably bumping along to a
political confrontation between the pro-mainland KMT and pro-independence DPP
and student forces, which will offer the US government, if so inclined, a
chance to ditch the One China policy and stand up to the PRC militarily and
with sanctions.
And, finally, there is Hong Kong.
With that wonderful synchronicity that liberals adore (and
their adversaries roll their eyes at) the three UK China-bashing prestige liberal
organs—the Independent, the Guardian, and the Financial Times [sorry, correction: Guardian, FT, & The Economist]—all recently
editorialized that Great Britain should “stand up” to the PRC on behalf of the
people of Hong Kong on the issue of whether candidates for the Hong Kong chief
executive should be chosen by full suffrage (instead of nominated by a
pro-mainland committee). If Xi Jinping
decides now is not the time to countenance defiance of the PRC within China’s
borders and cracks down on the sizable number of pro-democracy activists and supporters, sanctions would appear to be the inevitable consequence.
So one consequence of the singleminded US campaign against
Russia is that it is being driven into the arms of the PRC; another is that the
PRC is making its ability to resist sanctions a national priority. The US Atlanticists may succeed in either
subduing Russia to Western tutelage or simply expelling it from the European
sphere; but what about the Pacific?